‘Mu njiwu mu mâyi manene’
BUTUKU mu mîdima, mazuwa a mâyi mambule bantu 276 adi asemena pabuipi ne tshidiila kampanda mu mbuu wa Méditerranée. Bena mudimu ba ku mazuwa ne bena ngendu mbatshioke ne munyukunyuku wa dibanda dipueka dia mavuala makole munkatshi mua matuku 14. Pa bitala, ne tshimuenenyi tshia katupa ka buloba bûme, badi basuika dîyi bua kuya ne mazuwa ku tshibungubungu. Kadi tshia mutu tshia mazuwa tshidi tshijama katshiyi mua kunyungana, ne mavuala a mâyi adi atshibula tshianyima tshia mazuwa bitupa bitupa. Bantu bonso bavuamu badi bapatuka ne benza madikolela bua kufika ku mielelu ya tshidiila tshia Melita (Malte), benda buowela peshi bakuate ku mabaya anyi ku bintu bikuabu bivua mu mazuwa. Badi bapatuka mu mavuala makole bapungile ne bumvue mashika. Munkatshi mua bena ngendu aba mudi Paulo, mupostolo muena Kristo. Badi baya nende ku Lomo bua kumulumbuluisha.—Bienzedi 27:27-44.
Bua Paulo, didina ne mazuwa mu mâyi pabuipi ne tshidiila tshia Melita kadivua musangu wa kumpala wa kupetaye njiwu mu mâyi manene nansha. Bidimu bikese kumpala, wakafunda ne: ‘Misangu isatu ngakamba kufua ne mazuwa akadina mu mâyi; ngakadi mu mâyi manene munya too ne pankatshila butuku.’ Wakasakidila ne: uvua mu ‘njiwu mu mâyi manene.’ (2 Kolinto 11:25-27) Dienzela ngendu pa mâyi divua diambuluishe Paulo bua kukumbaja mudimu mumupesha kudi Nzambi bu “mupostolo kudi bisamba bia bende.”—Lomo 11:13.
Diendela pa mâyi divua ditangalake mu siekele wa kumpala anyi? Mmunyi muvuadi diambuluishe mudimu wa dimuangalaja Buena-Kristo? Divua ne njiwu anyi? Mmazuwa a mushindu kayi avuaku tshikondo atshi? Bavua benzela ngendu mu mazuwa, bavua basomba ne balala penyi?
Lomo uvua udiila ne upetela bikuabu bintu ku bungenda bua pa mâyi
Bena Lomo bavua babikila Mbuu wa Méditerranée ne: Mare Nostrum, mmumue ne: Mbuu wetu. Dikontolola ngendu ya pa mâyi divua ne mushinga wa bungi bua Lomo bua tubingila tukuabu pa kumbusha etu tua malu a basalayi. Bimenga bia bungi bia Ampire wa Lomo bivua mabungu anyi bivua bipetela bintu bivuabi nabi dijinga ku mabungu. Tshilejilu, Lomo uvua ne dibungu ku mâyi, pabuipi ne tshimenga tshia Ostie, kadi dibungu dia Léchée ne dia Cenchrées (Kenekelea) ke avua abueja bintu mu Kolinto. Dibungu dia Seleukia divua dibueja bintu mu Antiokia wa Sulia. Njila mimpe ya pa mâyi ivua ituangaja mabungu aa ivua yambuluisha kabidi bua kutuangaja pa lukasa bimenga binene, ne yakapepeja mudimu wa dilombola bimpe provense ya bena Lomo.
Biakudia bivua bibuela mu Lomo ku diambuluisha dia mazuwa a mâyi. Bu muvuabu batue ku muliyo umue, Lomo uvua dijinga ne biakudia bia bungi—pankatshi pa tone mitue ku 250 000 ne 400 000 ku tshidimu. Biakudia bionso ebi bivua bifumina penyi? Flavius Josèphe udi utela Helode Agipa II padiye wamba ne: Afrike wa ku Nord wakadiisha Lomo mu ngondo muanda-mukulu, pavua eku Ejipitu mutume biakudia bikumbane bua kudiisha tshimenga mu ngondo mikuabu inayi. Mazuwa binunu bivule avua abueja biakudia mu tshimenga atshi.
Bua kukumbaja majinga a bena Lomo a bintu bia mushinga mukole, bungenda bua pa mâyi buvua buenda bimpe buakabueja bintu bia mishindu yonso. Mabanji a muinshi mua buloba, mabue a dilengeja nawu nzubu ne marbre bivua biumbukila ku Kupulio (Chypre), mu Grèce ne Ejipitu, ne mabaya ne mitshi ya ditenga nayi nzubu bavua bafuma nabi ku Lebanona. Mvinyo uvua ufumina mu Semuna (Smyrne), misa ivua ifumina ku Damaseke ne bimuma bia dattes bivua bifumina ku Palestine. Bilabu ne bindundu bavua bafuma nabi ku Kilikia, bilamba bia miosa ya mikoko bivua bifumina ku Mileto ne ku Laodikiya, bilamba bikuabu bia patupu ku Sulia ne ku Lebanona, bilamba bikunzubile ku Tulo ne Sidona. Tuatila uvua utuma mekala a kuela mu nsuki anyi a mu bilamba ne mmuenu ivua ifumina ku Alesandelia ne ku Sidona. Ndanda, sua, mibanga, ne bia dilamba nabi bivua biumbuka ku Chine ne ku Inde.
Ntshinyi tshitudi mua kuamba bua mazuwa avua madine ku Melita, avua mambule Paulo? Avua tshiambula biakudia, “buatu buvua bufumina ku Alesandelia butangile ku Italia.” (Note kuinshi bua Bienzedi 27:6, NW) Bena Greke, bena Foineke (Phoenicie) ne bena Sulia bavua ne mazuwa abu a bungi a biakudia, avuabu bendesha ne balama bimpe. Kadi, Mbulamatadi uvua pa tshibidilu ufutshila mazuwa a bungi. William M. Ramsay, mufundi wa malu a kale udi wamba ne: “Bifuanangane ne difutshisha dia bitadi, mbulamatadi wakamona bipepele bua kumvuangana ne bamue bangenda bua benze mudimu (muenze nabu kontra) pamutu pa kudilongoluelaye bantu ne bia-mudimu bivua bikengedibua bua kukumbaja mudimu au munene.”
Paulo wakafika ku Lomo ne mazuwa mikale ne bimfuanyi bia “Bana ba Zeus” bilamika kumpala. Mazuwa aa avua kabidi a ku Alesandelia. Akimana bua kutulula bantu ne bintu mu Potiolo mu Diapa dia Naples, ku dibungu divua milongolongo ya mazuwa avua ne biakudia imanyina pa tshibidilu. (Bienzedi 28:11-13) Kumbukila ku Potiolo—udibu babikila lelu ne: Pozzuoli—bavua bayila ne majitu mu njila wa buloba anyi mu matu makese avua endela ku muelelu wa mâyi matangile ku Nord too ne ku Musulu wa Tibre udi ubuela munkatshi mua Lomo.
Bavua bambula bena luendu mu mazuwa avua ambula bintu anyi?
Bua tshinyi Paulo ne basalayi bavua bamulame bakabuela mu mazuwa avua ambula bintu? Bua kuandamuna lukonko elu, tudi ne bua kumanya muvua luendu lua pa mâyi luenzeka tshikondo atshi.
Mu siekele wa kumpala B.B., kakuvua mazuwa avua ambula bena luendu to. Bavua babuela mu mazuwa a bangenda. Ne bantu ba mishindu yonso: bena mudimu ba Mbulamatadi, bamanyi ba mukanda, bayishi, bampaka-manga, bena midimu ya bianza, benji ba manaya, bangenda, ba-musua-luendu ne bakumbudi ba miaba minsantu—bavua babuela mu mazuwa aa.
Bushuwa, kuvua matu makese avua ambula bantu ne bintu ku mielelu ya mâyi. Paulo udi mua kuikala mubuele mu buatu bua nunku bua ‘kuya ku Makedonia’ ufumina ku Toa. Matu makese avua mua kuikala matue ne maluke nende mu Atena misangu ya bungi. Paulo uvua mua kuikala kabidi mubuele mu buatu bukese mu luendu luende lua ndekelu ufumina ku Toa uya ku Patala pa kupitshila mu bidiila pabuipi ne muelelu wa Asia Mukese. (Bienzedi 16:8-11; 17:14, 15; 20:1-6, 13-15; 21:1) Dibuela mu matu makese a nunku divua diambuluisha bua kubenga kujimija dîba, kadi matu aa kaavua mua kusemena bikole munkatshi mua mâyi nansha. Nenku mazuwa avua maye ne Paulo ku Kupulio ne pashishe ku Pampulia ne avuaye mubuele umbukila ku Efeso uya ku Kaisalia, ne pavuaye umbuka ku Patala uya ku Tulo avua ne bua kuikala manene menemene. (Bienzedi 13:4, 13; 18:21, 22; 21:1-3) Mazuwa avua Paulo mudine nawu mu Melita avua kabidi ne bua kuikala manene. Avua mua kuikala bunene kayi?
Malu mangata mu mikanda kampanda akafikisha mushikuluji mukuabu ku diamba ne: “[Mazuwa] a bunene bushadile menemene avua bantu bashidimuke ba kale bamone mikale ne dikuatshisha avua a tone mitue ku 70 too ne ku 80. Bunene buvua bantu batamba kumanya, nangananga tshikondo tshia Nshidimukilu wa bena Greke, buvua bua tone 130. Nansha muvuawu kaayi ne tshimuenekelu tshimpe, mazuwa a tone 50 avua manene bikole. Mu bikondo bia bena Lomo, mazuwa avuabu batambakana nawu mu midimu ya ampire avua mene manene bikole, avua ne bunene buakanyine bua tone 340. Mazuwa matambe bunene avua enda pa mâyi avua a tone mitue ku 1 300, pamu’apa mapite apu ndambu.” Bilondeshile diumvuija difunda mu siekele muibidi B.B., mazuwa a Isis a ku Alesandelia, avua ambula biakudia avua a metre mapite pa 55 mu bule, ne avua ne metre matue ku 14 mu butshiama, bunene bua munda muawu buvua bua metre matue ku 13, ne imue misangu avua mua kuambula tone ya blé mipite pa tshinunu ne pamu’apa kutentekapu bantu nkama mikese.
Mmunyi muvuabu batabalela bantu mu mazuwa avua ambula biakudia? Bu muvuawu ambula nangananga bintu, kabavua batamba kutabalela bantu to. Pa kumbusha mâyi, kabavua babapesha biakudia anyi binga bintu. Bavua balala panshi, pamu’apa mu tuzubu tuenze ne ntenta tuvuabu benza butuku ne batumbusha mu dinda dionso. Nansha muvuabu bitabile bena luendu bua kulambila mu tshikuku tshia mu mazuwa, bavua ne bua kuikala badipaye ne bintu bionso bivua bikengedibua bua kulamba, kudia, kuowa mâyi ne kulala—pamue ne ngesu ya dilambila ne bilamba bia kudibuikila.
Luendu lua pa mâyi kaluvua ne njiwu anyi?
Bu muvuabu kabayi ne biamu bia mudimu—nansha kaleja-nord—anu mêsu ke avua alombola bendeshi ba mazuwa ba mu siekele wa kumpala. Nenku, luendu luvua luimpe menemene pavua kuulu kutamba kumueneka kuimpe—pa tshibidilu kubangila ku ndekelu kua Lumungulu too ne munkatshi mua Kabitende. Mu ngondo ibidi ya kumpala ne kunyima kua tshikondo atshi, bangenda bavua mua kuenzela ngendu ku mazuwa nansha muvuaku njiwu. Kadi mu muvu wa hiver, misangu ya bungi, mabungi ne mavuba bivua bipangisha mushindu wa kumona bimanyinu bia ku mukuna ne bijika kabidi dîba mu munya ne mitoto butuku. Bavua bakanga diendela pa mâyi (mu Latin, mare clausum) kubangila mu dia 11 Kasuabanga too ne mu dia 10 Luabanya, bitaba bua kuendela pa mâyi anu kuoku malu a mushinga mukole adi akengela kuenza pa lukasa. Bantu bavua benza ngendu ku ndekelu kua muvu bavua ne njiwu ya kupitshisha muvu wa hiver mu dibungu dia kua bende.—Bienzedi 27:12; 28:11.
Nansha muvua luendu lua pa mâyi luikale ne njiwu ne kabidi ne bikondo bia kuluenza, luvuaku luimpe kupita luendu lua njila wa buloba anyi? Bidi nanku, bushuwa! Luendu lua pa mâyi kaluvua lutshiokesha bikole, anyi luvua lulomba makuta makese, ne luvua lua lukasa. Pavua kuulu kutalale bimpe, mazuwa avua mua kuenza pamu’apa kilometre 150 ku dituku. Muayene wa pa tshibidilu bua luendu lule lua makasa uvua wa kilometre 25 anyi 30 ku dituku.
Lubilu lua mazuwa luvua lulondeshila nangananga mushindu udi lupepele luya. Luendu lua kumbuka ku Ejipitu bua kuya ku Italia luvua mvita ya munanunanu bua mpepele ivua ifumina kuvua mazuwa aya, nansha mu bikondo bivua luendu lua pa mâyi lutambe buimpe. Njila wa tshikoso menemene uvua pa tshibidilu, eu uvua upitshila mu Lodo anyi mu Mula peshi dibungu dikuabu dia ku muelelu kua Lukia mu Asia Mukese. Wowu mamane kutuilangana ne mpepele mikole ne majimine njila, umue musangu mazuwa a Isis avua ambula biakudia akimana mu Piraiévs matuku 70 kunyima kua mamane kumbuka ku Alesandelia. Bu muvua pa tshibidilu mpepele mikole ya ku Nord-Ouest ilua panyima pa mazuwa aa, imue misangu luendu lua diumbuka ku Italia luvua mua kuikala luangate matuku 20 anyi 25. Mu njila wa buloba, luendu lua muomumue, mu diya ne mu dipingana, luvua mua kuangata matuku mapite pa 150 mu tshikondo tshidi kuulu kuimpe.
Lumu luimpe lusambuisha dishiya dia mâyi manene
Kakuyi mpata, Paulo uvua mumanye njiwu ya luendu lua pa mâyi mu muvu mubi. Wakabela mene bendeshi ba buatu bua kabenji luendu pa mâyi ku ndekelu kua Kabitende anyi ku ntuadijilu kua Kasuamansense, wamba ne: ‘Balumiana, ndi mmona ne: luendu elu neluikale ne dibutuka ne dijimina dikole, ki ndia bintu ne buatu nkayabi, kadi ndia mioyo yetu kabidi.’ (Bienzedi 27:9, 10) Kadi kapitene ka basalayi wakalengulula mêyi aa, ne mazuwa akafika ku didina ku Melita.
Ku ndekelu kua mudimu wende wa bu-misionere, Paulo ukavua mudine ne mazuwa mu mâyi misangu bu inayi. (Bienzedi 27:41-44; 2 Kolinto 11:25) Kadi, disumpakana kadiyi diakanyine bua njiwu ivua mua kubafikila kadivua dipangishe bayishi ba kumpala ba lumu luimpe bua kuenza ngendu pa mâyi. Bakakuata mudimu tshishiki ne mishindu yonso ya dienza ngendu ivuaku bua kutangalaja mukenji wa Bukalenge. Ne mu ditumikila dîyi dia Yezu, bakafikisha lumu luimpe too ne ku ntengu ya buloba. (Matayo 28:19, 20; Bienzedi 1:8) Bua lukunukunu luabu, ditabuja dia aba badi balonde tshilejilu tshiabu, ne buludiki bua spiritu munsantu wa Yehowa, lumu luimpe ndufike too ne ku ntengu kua buloba budi bantu base.
[Mêyi a dianyisha bua tshimfuanyi mu dibeji 31]
Pictorial Archive (Near Eastern History) Est.