Bena nkristo mbenzejibue bua kunemekela dituku kampanda dia diikisha anyi?

NGONDO muisambombo tshidimu tshia 1991 uvua uloka mvula ya bungi. Pa nanku, balongolodi ba dinaya dia kandundu ka pa mesa tshikondo tshia difuilakana ku tshimenga tshia Wimbledon ku ditunga dia Angleterre bakangata dipangadika dia kubenga kunemekela tshilele kampanda tshia kale. Bua musangu wa kumpala mu mianda ya dinaya edi ku Angleterre, mafuilakana akenzeka mu dia lumingu bua kuluijakaja dîba dikavua dipite bikole. Kadi, pa kumusha dishipa mikandu bu dituatedi edi, dia lumingu didi’anu dituku dia diikisha dinemeka ku Angleterre pamue ne mu matunga makuabu a bungi.

Bamue batu banemekela dituku dia diikisha dikuabu pa kumusha dia lumingu. Pa buloba bujima, bena Yuda batu banemekela nsabatu kutuadijila ku dibuela dia dîba mu ditanu too ne ku dibuela diadi mu disambombo. Munkatshi mua nsabatu eu, ndeke ya El Al, kumpanyi wa ditunga dia Israél kayena ibika panshi to, ne mu bimue bimenga, mashinyi a diambula bantu kaena apatuka to. Mu Yeruzaleme, banemekeshi ba bilele bia ka-bukulu badi bakangisha imue misesu bua kupumbisha dipanyisha bintu didi dibengangane ne mikenji ya nsabatu.

Bu mutshidi bisumbu bivule binemekela dituku dia diikisha ku lumingu luonso, mbuena kuamba ne: nsabatu, kuenza nenku kudi kujudija nkonko mivule. Nsabatu udi’anu bua bena Yuda anyi? Bua tshinyi bivule bia ku bisumbu bia bukua-buena-nkristo mbiangate dikuabu dituku dia diikisha? Mukenji wa mu Bible wa dinemekela dituku kampanda dia diikisha ku lumingu luonso utshidi ne mushinga mu tshikondo tshietu etshi anyi?

Nsabatu utshituku anyi?

Bua musangu wa kumpala mu Mifundu, tudi tusangana bakula bua nsabatu mu mukanda wa Ekesode. Pavuabo mu tshipela, bena Izalele bakapeta tshiakudia kampanda mu tshishima, ke mana, avua afuma kudi Yehowa. Dituku disambombo dionso dia lumingu, bavua bangula bungi bua pa tshibidilu kuvudija misangu ibidi bualu dituku dia muanda-mutekete divua dia “nsabatu bua Yehowa,” divua mudimu kayi wonso mukandikibue.​—Ekesode 16:4, 5, 22-25.

Bualu bukuabu, Yehowa uvua mufundile bena Izalele nsabatu bua kubavuluija muvuabo bapika ku ditunga dia Ejipitu. Kuonso aku bu bobo bamane kuikala ne nsabatu, dibavuluija edi kadivua kuikala ne mushinga menemene to. Kabidi, mêyi-maludiki adi atangila nsabatu avua mapeshibue anu bena Izalele nkayabo.​—Dutelonome 5:2, 3, 12-15.

Mikandu misunguluke bikole ne ya bujitu

Bu muvua Mikenji ya Mozese kayiyi mifile mumvuija mavule pa nsabatu, mu kupita kua siekele, ba-rabbi bakapatula mikandu kabukabu, nangananga pa bidi bitangila midimu ya mishindu yonso ivua kayiyi ne bua kuenjibua dituku adi. Bilondeshile tshibungu tshia Mishna, midimu mikandika ivua mitapulula mu bitupa binene 39, bu mudi ditela, difunda ne didima. Mavule a ku mêyi aa maludiki kaena afumina mu Bible to. Pa kutela mêyi a mu tshibungu tshia Mishna, Encyclopedie judaïque (mu anglais), udi witaba ne: idi bu “mikuna milembeleja kudi lusuki, bualu, pa kuamba mene, kayena isanganyibua mu Mifundu, pabi mine mikandu eyi idiku mivule.

Pa bidi bitangila dîyi didi diamba ne: “muntu nansha umue kêna ne bua kupatuka muaba udiye dituku dia muanda-mutekete,” bavua bajadike ntanta kampanda uvua ubikidibua ne: “mikalu ya nsabatu.” Bilondeshile imue mifundu, ntanta eu uvua ne bule bua coudées 2 000, peshi metre matue ku 900. (Ekesode 16:29) Kadi, dîyi-diludiki edi divua mua kusambukibua: dia muladilu, biakudia bia dituku dia nsabatu bivua mua kutekibua mutantshi wa coudées 2 000 ne nzubu. Nunku, muaba uvua biakudia ebi bisanganyibua uvua mua kuangatshibua bu dialabajibua dia tshijengu tshia bena dîku, pa nanku, coudées mikuabu 2 000 ivua mua kubadibua.

Mivule ya ku mikandu eyi mienza kudi bantu ivuaku mu matuku a Yezu. Ke bualu kayi, bamfumu ba bitendelelu bakafunda balongi bende pakapolabo miepu ne kudia musangu uvuabo bapitshila mu madimi. Bakabapiisha muvuabo bashipe mukenji wa nsabatu. Bua Bafarizeyi aba, kupola ntete kuvua bu kunowa ne kuyivinga mu bianza kuvua bu kupela. Misangu mivule, Yezu wakatandula kulumbuluisha kuabo kupange mmuenenu wa pankatshikatshi, wa dikolesha malu, bualu bivua kunyangakaja kua mukenji wa Yehowa.​—Matayi 12:1-8; Luka 13:10-17; 14:1-6; Yone 5:1-16; 9:1-16.

Kumbukila ku nsabatu wa mu disambombo too ne ku nsabatu wa mu dia lumingu

“Dia lumingu dionso nedilamibue bua kusadila Nzambi ne mutshima umue.” Ke mushindu udi Ekleziya katolike umvuija dîyi dinayi didi diakula bua nsabatu. Mukanda wa Catéchisme pour adultes, mupatula matuku ashadi aa mu muakulu wa français udi umvuija ne: “Dia lumingu dia bena nkristo ditu dinemekibua dituku didi dilonda nsabatu: dituku dia muanda-mukulu, mbuena kuamba ne: dituku dia kumpala dia bufuki bupiabupia. Didi dilonda bitupa binene bia Nsabatu, kadi ndishindamene pa Pasaka wa Kristo.” Dishintuluka edi diakenzeka munyi bua kumuka ku nsabatu wa mu disambombo ne kufika ku nsabatu wa mu dia lumingu?

Nansha muvua Yezu mubiishibue ku lufu mu dia lumingu, bua bena nkristo ba kumpala, bivu’anu dituku dia mudimu bu makuabu wonso. Kadi, dipangadika diangata mu tshisangilu tshia Ekleziya ku Laodicée (pabuipi ne bidimu makumi atanu bia ndekelu bia siekele muinayi B.B.) didi disokolola ne: pashishe, nsabatu wa bena Yuda wa mu disambombo bakamupingana kudi nsabatu wa “bena nkristo” wa mu dia lumingu. Mukenji eu wa Ekleziya “uvua ukandika bena nkristo bua kutumikila bilele bia buena-Yuda ne kusomba patupu dituku dia nsabatu [wa bena Yuda], kadi [uvua ubatumina dîyi dia] kunemekela mu buena nkristo dituku dia Mukalenge [dituku dia lumingu diakabiishibuaye ku lufu].” Kubangila ku tshikondo atshi, bena kuitabuja ba bukua-buena-nkristo bakatuadija kuenza mudimu mu disambombo ne kudikanda bua kuenza mudimu mu dia lumingu. Pashishe, bakabalomba bua kubuela mu misa mu dia lumingu.

Ne diambuluisha dia bamfumu ba misoko, mu bisumbu bionso bia bukua-buena-nkristo bakakandika dienza mudimu mu dia lumingu. Kubangila ku siekele 4, bashipi ba mukenji eu bavua bafuta bibawu, peshi bavua mua kukumibua mikaba anyi kunyingibua ngombe yabo. Imue misangu, muenji wa mpekatu udi kayi unyingalala uvua uvuijibua mupika.

Mu ngumvuilu kampanda, mikenji ya pa midimu mianyishibue mu dia lumingu ivua mivule kupita bilele bia ka-bukulu bidi bitangila nsabatu wa bena Yuda. Nkonga-miaku wa Dictionnaire de théologie catholique udi ufila mumvuija masulakaja bikole pa dimuangalaka dia mapangadika a nkonko ya dishindika bulelela ne dishima mu ditumikila mikenji mu muanda eu ne, ku bintu bikandika, udi utela mudimu wa bapika, midimu ya madimi, ya bundumbulula, ya dipanyisha bintu ne ya bulembi.

Ku lukuabu luseke, bavua bashindamena pa nsabatu wa bena Yuda bua kubingisha mikandu eyi. Mona tshitudi mua kubala mu tshibungu tshia Nouvelle encyclopédie catholique (angl.) pa mikenji miela kudi mfumu Charlemagne pa bidi bitangila dia lumingu: “Lungenyi lua nsabatu, lubenga kudi saint Jérôme ne lupiisha kudi tshisangilu tshia ku Orléans mu 538 B.B. bu muanda wa bena Yuda ne kawuyi wa bena nkristo, mmumvuija bimpe bitambe mu mukenji muela mu 789 B.B. kudi Charlemagne ne uvua ukandika mudimu mu dia lumingu bu dishipa [Mêyi Dikumi].” Nunku, bu muvuabi bisankisha Ekleziya pa kumona se: bamfumu ba mbulamatadi badi bela mikenji bua diikisha dia mu dia lumingu, bakapetesha bamfumu aba mushindu wa kubingisha mikandu miela mu dîna dia mikenji ivua Ekleziya muine ubenga, mbuena kuamba ne: mukenji wa Mozese ui utangila nsabatu.

Ndongoluelu mubengangane ne Mifundu

Kukadi siekele mivule, ba-Père ba Ekleziya bavule, bu mudi Augustin, bavua bambe bimpe bitambe ne: nsabatu uvua ndongoluelu wa tshitupa tshîpi bua bena Yuda nkayabo. Ba-Père ba Ekleziya aba bavu’anu balonda mumvuija a Mifundu ya bena nkristo ya tshiena-Greke idi ileja se: nsabatu ntshimue tshitupa tshia malu a tshiovo tshia Mikenji tshiakashipibua ku mulambo wa Yezu.​—Lomo 6:14; 7:6; 10:4; Galatia 3:10-14, 24, 25.

Mukanda wa Vocabulaire biblique mupatula mu matuku etu aa udi utela miaku ya muena mishonyi Oscar Cullmann udi witaba ne: “Bua dilua, lufu ne dibiishibua ku lufu bia Yezu, mafesto a mu Tshiovo tshia Kale akadi mpindieu mamane kukumbajibua, ne kualama “kudi kumvuija kupingana mu tshiovo tshia kale, bienza bu ne: Kristo kavua muanji kulua.’” Pa kuangata mmuenenu eu wa mushinga mukole, mbikumbane bua kuakula ne kubingisha dinemekela nsabatu kudi buonso anyi?

Lelu’eu, bafundi bena katolike badi batamba kushindamena pa Bienzedi 20:7 mudibo bakula bua “dituku dia kumpala dia lumingu” (mbuena kuamba ne: mu dia lumingu) diakapetanganabo kudi Paulo ne bena mudimu nende bua kudia biakudia pamue. Kadi, bidi’anu kanungu kakese ka diumvuija. Kakuena tshidi tshileja mu mvese eu nansha mu mvese mikuabu ya mu Bible bua se: muyuki eu uvua mufundila kuikala tshilejilu tshivua bena nkristo ne bua kulonda, ne bushuwa kabavua benzejibue bua kutumikila ngenzelu eu to. Kabiyi mpata, dinemekela nsabatu dituku dia lumingu ki mmuanda udi ne tshishimikidi tshiawu mu Mifundu nansha.

Ndiikisha kayi didiku bua bena nkristo?

Nansha mudi bena nkristo kabayi benzejibue bua kunemekela dituku kampanda dia diikisha ku lumingu ne ku lumingu, mbalombibue bua kulama diikisha dia mushindu mukuabo. Paulo wakumvuija muanda eu kudi bena mudimu nende bena nkristo bavua bafumine mu ntendelelu wa buena-Yuda ne: “Nunku, nkushale diikisha dia nsabatu bua tshisamba tshia Nzambi. . . . Nenku, tuenzayi muetu muonso bua kubuela mu diikisha edi.” (Ebelu 4:4-11) Kumpala kua kuluabo bena nkristo, bena Yuda aba bavua balonde Mikenji ya Mozese anu pa dîyi. Mpindieu, Paulo uvua ubakankamija bua kabatungunuki ne kukeba lupandu ku midimu, kadi badi ne bua “kuikisha” ku midimu yabo mifue. Pa nanku, bavua benzejibue bua kuikala ne ditabuja mu mulambu wa Yezu, mushindu umu’epele udi bantu mua kubadibua bakane ku mesu kua Nzambi.

Lelu’eu, mmunyi mutudi mua kuleja kanemu ka muomumue bua mmuenenu wa Nzambi? Anu bu bantu nabo, Bantemu ba Yehowa mbantu ba mmuenenu mulenga, badi baleja dianyisha bua dituku dia diikisha dia ku lumingu ne ku lumingu bu mudibi tshilele mu matunga mavule. Abi bidi bibapetesha dîba dia kushala pamue ne mêku abo ne kupetulula makanda abo a mubidi. Kadi, dituku edi ndikumbanyine nangananga bua kudifila mu midimu mikuabu ya bena nkristo. (Efeso 5:15, 16) Pa tshibidilu badi babuela mu bisangilu ne bapatuka mu mudimu wa patoke, bakumbula bena mutumba nabo bua kuabanyangana nabo mamanyisha a mu Bible pa bidi bitangila disemena dia tshikondo tshikala bantu buonso badi ne ditabuja ne bua kuikala ne muoyo mu ditalala pa buloba ebu bukudimuna mparadizu. Pawikala musue kumanya bivule pa muanda eu, Bantemu ba Yehowa nebikale ne disanka dia kukuambuluisha, nansha bikale mu disambombo, mu dia lumingu peshi dituku kayi dikuabu dia mu lumingu.

[Tshimfuanyi mu dibeji 28]

Yezu wakatumikila mukenji wa nsabatu bu mudibio, pamutu pa kulonda bilele bia ka-bukulu bia bena Yuda

[Tshimfuanyi mu dibeji 29]

Mu matuku abo a diikisha, basadidi ba Yehowa badi bapetulula makanda abo a mubidi mu midimu yabo ya bena nkristo