Nnganyi udi muakanyine kubikidibua ne: Rabbi?

MUENA ngendu kampanda mukumbudi wa miaba uvua ne ditekemena dikese dia kufika ku tshipalu tshia ndeke pa dîba bua dikutakana dia bantu mu njila. Nkama ne nkama ya bampulushi bavua bateta bua kuludika mashinyi eku balama bena madilu bapite pa 300 000 bavua bûle mu misesu ya Yeruzaleme. Tshikandakanda tshia The Jerusalem Post tshiakabikila bualu ebu ne: “tshibilu tshia dijiika dia mufue tshia bunene bùdì pa tshibidilu buakanyine amu bamfumu ba matunga, bakalenge anyi batshikokesha-nkaya.” Nnganyi uvua mua kuikala mukebeshe didifila dinekesha dia mushindu’eu, pa kupangisha mushindu wa kuenda mu tshimamuende wa bukalenge tshia ditunga dia Izalele mêba mulongolongo nunku’eu? Rabbi kampanda munemekibue. Bua tshinyi muanzu wa rabbi udi ulomba kanemu ne didifila dia mushindu’eu kudi bena Yuda? Ntshikondo kayi tshiakatuadijabu kutumika ne muaku “rabbi”? Nnganyi udi muakanyine kubikidibua nunku?

Mozese uvua rabbi anyi?

Dîna ditambe kunemekibua mu Buena-Yuda ndia Mozese, mutuangaji wa tshiovo tshia Mikenji tshia Izalele. Bena Yuda bena malu a Nzambi badi bamubikila ne: “Mozese ‘Rabbi wetu.’” Kadi, muaba nansha umue mu Bible ki mbatele Mozese mu muanzu wa “Rabbi.” Bushuwa, muaku “rabbi” kawena umueneka nansha musangu umue mu Mifundu ya tshiena-Ebelu. Nunku, mmunyi muakatuadija bena Yuda kutela Mozese mu mushindu eu?

Bilondeshile Mifundu ya tshiena-Ebelu, bujitu ne bukokeshi bua kulongesha ne kumvuija Mikenji buvua bupesha ndelanganyi ya Aarona, bakuidi bena tshisa tshia Lewi. (Lewitiki 10:8-11; Dutelonome 24:8; Malaki 2:7) Kadi, mu siekele muibidi K.B.B., dishintuluka dia malu dia muinshi muinshi diakatuadija munkatshi mua Buena-Yuda, dikale ne buenzeji bua mutantshi mule pa meji a bena Yuda kutuadija tshikondo atshi.

Pa bidi bitangila dikudimuka edi mu malu a mu nyuma, Daniel Jeremy Silver udi ufunda mu mukanda wa A History of Judaism ne: “Tshikondo [atshi] kasumbu kampanda ka ba-skribe ne bashikuluji bavua kabayi ba mu mulongo wa bakuidi bakatuadija kutontolola buakanyine bua bukenji bupesha amu bakuidi bua diumvuija Torah [Mikenji ya Mozese]. Muntu yonso uvua wanyisha ne: bakuidi bavua ne bua kuikala bu bena mudimu ba mu Ntempelo, kadi bua tshinyi bavua ne bua kuikala ne dîyi dia ndekelu mu malu avua atangila Torah?” Mbanganyi bakajudija ditontolola edi dia bukenji ebu bua kasumbu ka bakuidi? Kasumbu kapiakapia munda mua Buena-Yuda kavua kabikidibua ne: Bafarizeyi. Silver udi utungunuka ne: “Bafarizeyi bavua bashindamena pa dikumbaja malu malomba bua kufundibua mu bilongelu biabu, ki mpa diledibua nansha [dikala ndelanganyi ya bakuidi], ne bakapatula kasumbu kapiakapia ka bena Yuda mu bulombodi bua malu a Nzambi.”

Pabuipi ne siekele wa kumpala B.B., bena mapolome ba bilongelu ebi bia Bafarizeyi bakalua kumanyika bu balongeshi, anyi bamfumu, ba mikenji ya bena Yuda. Bu tshimanyinu tshia kanemu, bena Yuda bakuabu bakatuadija kubabikila ne: “mulongeshi wanyi,” peshi “mfumu wanyi,” rabbi, mu tshiena-Ebelu.

Kakuvua tshivua mua kupesha muanzu mupiamupia eu bukenji bu kabiyi ditumika nawu bua kufunkuna eu uvuabu bangata bu mulongeshi mutambe bunene mu muyuki wa bena Yuda, Mozese. Ditumika nawu mushindu’eu divua pashishe ne bua kutekesha dizangikibua dia buakuidi eku dienda dikolesha mmuenenu wa bantu wa bumfumu bua Bafarizeyi bua buenzeji bukole buvua buenda amu bubanda. Nunku, bidimu bipite pa 1 500 kunyima kua lufu luende, Mozese wakatekibua “Rabbi” bienza amu bu muikalaku ne muoyo.

Didikija mfumu

Nansha muvua mbikidilu “rabbi” (“mfumu wanyi”) mutumika nende imue misangu kudi bantu bua kutela balongeshi bakuabu bavuabu bambika kanemu, muaku eu bavua pa tshibidilu batumika nawu bua balongeshi bende lumu munkatshi mua Bafarizeyi, “bena meji.” Pakalua dibutudibua dia ntempelo mu 70 B.B. kutuisha bushuwa bukokeshi bua buakuidi ku ndekelu, ba-rabbi Bafarizeyi bakalua balombodi bakêna kutontolola ba Buena-Yuda. Muanzu wabu ukena kutembangana nawu wakakankamija dilubuluka dia kasumbusumbu kampanda kashindamene pa bena meji ba-rabbi.

Pa kukonkonona lupolo elu lua tshisabu lua mu siekele wa kumpala B.B., Profesere Dov Zlotnick udi wela nseka ne: “‘Dilonda Bena meji ne ntema,’ diakalua ne mushinga kupita dilonga dia Torah.” Mushikuluji muena Yuda Jacob Neusner udi umvuija pashishe ne: “‘Muyidi wa bena meji’ mmulongi udi mulamate yeye muine kudi rabbi kampanda. Udi wenza nunku bualu udi usua kulonga ‘Torah.’ . . . Torah kêna ulongibua ku diambuluisha dia mikenji, kadi mpa kumona mikenji miangate mubidi mu bienzedi ne bikadilu bia bena meji badi ne muoyo. Badi balongesha mikenji ku bidibu benza, kabiyi anu ku bidibu bamba.”

Mushikuluji wa Talmud Adin Steinsaltz udi ushindika bualu ebu, pa kufunda ne: “Bena meji buobu bine bavua bamba ne: ‘Mayukidilangana a pa tshibidilu, mineku, anyi biambilu bienza mu mpukapuka bia bena meji bivua ne bua kulongibua.’” Mmu bualabale kayi muvua dilonga edi mua kuenjibua? Steinsaltz udi ufunda ne: “Tshilejilu tshinekesha tshia dilonga edi tshivua tshia muyidi wakambabu ne: uvua musokome muinshi mua bulalu bua mulongeshi wende munene bua kusokolola muvuaye wangatangana ne mukajende. Pakamuelabu nkonko pa lutangilu luende, muyidi nsonga eu wakandamuna ne: ‘Mbualu bua Torah ne mbuakanyine kulongibua,’ mmuenenu uvuabu bitaba kudi ba-rabbi ne balongi bu mujalame.”

Bua dizangika dia rabbi kupita dia Torah​—mu bule bua dilonga Torah ku butuangaji bua rabbi—​Buena-Yuda kumbukila mu siekele wa kumpala B.B. buakalua tshitendelelu tshitangija ku ba-rabbi. Muntu uvua usemena pabuipi ne Nzambi, ki nku diambuluisha dia Dîyi difundisha ku spiritu, kadi ku butuangaji bua muntu muangata bu tshitembelu, mfumu kampanda, peshi rabbi. Nunku, dizangika diakumbuka mu mushindu mupepele ku Mifundu ditangile ku mikenji ya mukana ne bilele bilongesha kudi ba-rabbi aba. Kutuadijila apu, mikanda ya bena Yuda, bu mudi Talmud, idi itamba kushindamena pa mayukidilangana, mianu, ne bikadilu bia ba-rabbi kupita pa mêyi a Nzambi.

Ba-rabbi mu kupita kua bikondo

Nansha muvuabu ne bukokeshi ne buenzeji bua dikema, ba-rabbi ba ku ntuadijilu kabavua badiambuluisha ku mudimu wabu wa malu a Nzambi. Tshibungu tshia Encyclopaedia Judaica tshidi tshiamba ne: “Rabbi wa mu Talmud uvua . . . mushilangane menemene ne muntu udi ne muanzu eu matuku etu aa. Rabbi wa mu Talmud uvua mumvuiji ne mubingishi wa Bible ne Mikenji ya ku mêyi a mukana, ne uvua bu pa tshibidilu ne mudimu kampanda uvuaye udiambuluisha nawu. Anu mu Moyen Âge ke muakalua rabbi . . . mulongeshi, muyishi, ne mfumu mu malu a mu nyuma mu tshisumbu anyi mu tshinsanga tshia bena Yuda.”

Pakatuadija ba-rabbi kukudimuna muanzu wabu ne kuuvuija mudimu kampanda wa difutu, bamue ba kudibu bakatuadija kuutobolola. Maimonides, rabbi muende lumu wa mu siekele wa 12 uvua udiambuluisha pa kuenza mudimu wa buondapi, wakadiula bikole ba-rabbi ba mushindu’au. “Bavua bajadika buobu nkayabu mfranga milombibue kudi bantu ne bisumbu ne bafikisha bantu ku diela meji, ne bupale buonso se: bivua bikengedibua ne mbimpe bua kuambuluisha [ne mfranga] bena meji ne bashikuluji ne bantu bavua balonga Torah, nunku wabu Torah ke wabu mudimu. Kadi bionso ebi mbibi. Kakuena muaku nansha umue, nansha mu Torah anyi mu mêyi a bena meji, udi utue bualu ebu nyama ku mikolo.” (Commentary on the Mishnah, Avot 4:5) Kadi diela patoke dia Maimonides edi kabakadilonda kudi bipungu bia ba-rabbi biakalonda.

Pakabuela Buena-Yuda mu tshikondo tshia buena-lelu, buakadiabulula mu bitupa bia bena diakajulula, balami ba mitabuja a kale, ne bena ditabuja dilelela. Bua bena Yuda ba bungi ditabuja mu malu a Nzambi ne dialamata biakalua kunyima kua malu makuabu. Bu tshipeta, muanzu wa rabbi wakatekeshibua. Pa tshibidilu, rabbi wakalua mfumu kampanda muambika muanzu mu tshisumbu, utumika bu mulongeshi muena mudimu bua difutu, ne mubedianganyi bua bena mu tshisumbu tshiende. Kadi, munkatshi mua bisumbu bia bena Hasid bena ditabuja dilelela banekeshi, lungenyi lua diangata rabbi bu mfumu ne tshitembelu luakashintuluka bikole.

Bambisha mumvuija a Edward Hoffman mu mukanda wende pa bidi bitangila tshisumbu tshia Hasid Chabad-Lubavitch: “Ba-Hasidim ba kumpala bavua pabu bazangika se: mu tshipungu tshionso muvua mulombodi wa bena Yuda umuepele, zaddik [muntu muakane], udi ‘Mozese’ wa mu tshikondo tshiende, muntu muena dimanya ne budiambiki kudi bakuabu bikena kuelekeja. Ku diambuluisha dia budiambiki buende bua dikema, kasumbu ne kasumbu ka ba-Hasidim bavua bela meji ne: Rebbe wabu [tshiena-Yiddish bua “rabbi”] uvua mua kuikala ne buenzeji nansha mene pa mikenji ya Wa-Bukole-Buonso. Bavua bamunemekela ki ng’anu bu tshitembelu kampanda mu miyuki yende ya disokolola malu, kadi mushindu mene wa nsombelu wende (‘mushindu udiye usuika nshinga ya bisabata biende,’ muvuabu bamba) uvua wangatshibua bua kuzangika bu-muntu ne kupetesha maleja a nzanzu a njila udi ufikisha ku bu-nzambi.”

“Kanubikidibu ne: Rabbi”

Yezu, muena Yuda wa mu siekele wa kumpala wakatuadija Buena-nkristo, uvuaku mu tshikondo tshikaavua mmuenenu wa rabbi wa Bafarizeyi utuadija kutshimuna mu Buena-Yuda. Kavua Mufarizeyi, ne kavua nansha mulongeshibue mu bilongelu biabu, kadi uvua pende ubikidibua ne: Rabbi.​—Mâko 9:5; Yone 1:38; 3:2.

Pa kuela patoke nginyikilu wa ba-rabbi mu Buena-Yuda, Yezu wakamba ne: “Baskribe ne Bafarizeyi mbadishikike mu nkuasa wa Mozese. Mbasue miaba ya bunême bupite mu didia dia ku dilolo ne nkuasa ya kumpala mu ma-nsunagoga, ne kusekeledibua kudi bantu pa miaba ya bisalu ne kubikidibua kudi bantu ne: Rabbi. Kadi nuenu, kanubikidibu ne: Rabbi, bualu umue ke udi mulongeshi wenu, apu nuenu bonso nudi bana ba muntu umue.”​—Matayo 23:2, 6-8, NW.

Yezu wakadimuija bua ditapulula dia bamfumu ne babalondi divua dienda didiunda munda mua Buena-Yuda. Wakela patoke dizangika bantu dikêna diakanyine dia mushindu’eu. “Umue ke udi mulongeshi wenu,” ke muakambaye ne dikima dionso. Nnganyi uvua mulongeshi au?

Mozese, “uvua Yehowa mumanye mpala ne mpala” ne uvua ubikidibua ne: “Rabbi wetu” kudi bena meji buobu bine, uvua muntu mupange bupuangane. Wakafika too ne ku dienza bilema. (Dutelonome 32:48-51; 34:10, NW; Muambi 7:20) Pamutu pa kuzangika Mozese bu tshilejilu tshinene tshia ndekelu, Yehowa wakamuambila ne: ‘Meme nembabishile muprofete munkatshi mua bana babu bu wewe; meme nenteke mêyi anyi onso mukana muende, ne yeye neabambile mêyi onso angamuambila. Muntu yonso udi upidia kumvua mêyi anyi adiye wamba mu dîna dianyi, meme nenkose tshilumbu tshiende.’​—Dutelonome 18:18, 19.

Milayi ya mu Bible idi ijadika se: mêyi au mmapete dikumbana diawu kudi Yezu, Masiya.a Yezu kavua anu “bu” Mozese; uvua munene kupita Mozese. (Ebelu 3:1-3) Mufundu udi usokolola se: Yezu uvua muledibue muntu mupuangane, ne bishilangane ne Mozese wakasadila Nzambi ‘kayi ne bubi.’​—Ebelu 4:15.

Londayi Tshitembelu

Dilonga diondoke dia tshienzedi tshionso tshia rabbi kampanda ne mêyi ende ki ndisemeje bena Yuda pabuipi menemene ne Nzambi to. Padi muntu kampanda ukêna mupuangane mua kuangatshibua bu tshitembelu tshia lulamatu, bitualonga ne bituidikija tshienzedi tshiende tshionso, netuidikije bilema ne mapanga bupuangane ende pamue ne ngikadilu yende milenga. Tudi bafuane kulua kupa tshifukibua butumbi bukêna butshiakanyine pamutu pa kubupa Mufuki.​—Lomo 1:25.

Kadi Yehowa wakapesha bukua-bantu Tshitembelu. Bilondeshile Mifundu, Yezu ukavua ne muoyo kumpala kua kuluaye muntu pa buloba. Bushuwa, udi ubikidibua ne: ‘tshifuanyikiji tshia Nzambi udi kayi mua kumuenebua, muan’a bute wa bifukibua bionso.’ (Kolosai 1:15) Bu mukavuaye mumane kusadila mu diulu bua binunu ne binunu bia bidimu bikêna bimanyibue bu “muena mudimu wa dilambu” wa Nzambi, Yezu mmuakanyine menemene bua kutuambuluisha bua kufika ku dimanya Yehowa.​—Nsumuinu 8:22-30, NW; Yone 14:9, 10.

Nunku, Petelo uvua mua kufunda ne: “Kristo wakakenga bua bualu buenu, e kunushila tshitembelu bua nuenu kulonda mu makasa ende biakane.” (1 Petelo 2:21, NW) Mupostolo Paulo wakakankamija bena nkristo bua “batangile ne ntema kudi Ntunga-mulongo ne Mupuangaji wa ditabuja dietu, Yezu.” Wakumvuija kabidi ne: “kudiye ke kudi mpetu yonso ya meji ne ya dimanya misokome.” (Ebelu 12:2, NW; Bena Kolose 2:3, MMM) Kakuena muntu mukuabu​—Mozese anyi muena meji rabbi kampanda—​udi muakanyine ntema ya mushindu’eu. Bikalaku muntu udi ne bua kuidikijibua menemene, n’Yezu. Basadidi ba Nzambi kabena bakengela muanzu bu mudi rabbi, nangananga pa kutangila ngumvuilu wa muaku eu mu matuku etu aa, kadi bikalaku muntu uvua muakanyine kubikidibua ne: Rabbi, uvua Yezu.

[Mêyi adi kuinshi]

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© Brian Hendler 1995. All Rights Reserved