Jeografi wa mu Bible​—mmulelela anyi?

DÎBA diapatuki mu ditunga dia Palestine. Tudi mu 1799. Kunyima kua dituku dijima dia luendu mu munya mukole, tshiluilu tshia bena France tshiashi kamponyi katshi, ne Napoléon, mfumu mutshilombodi udi pende wikisha mu ntenta wende. Ku kadilu ka buji kavua kalakuka, umue wa ku basadidi bende udi ubala ne dîyi dikole Bible mu muakulu wa français.

Mbimueneke patoke se: bivua bienzeka nunku misangu ne misangu mu kamponya kavua basalayi ba Napoléon benze mu Palestine. “Pakutudila pa makolo a tshimenga etshi tshia kale,” wakalua pashishe kuvuluka mu lungenyi luende ne: “bavua babala dilolo dionso Mufundu Munsantu ne dîyi dikole . . . Diumvuangana ne bulelela bia mumvuija bivua bilenga ku muoyo; bitshidi amu bikumbanyine ditunga edi kunyima kua siekele mivule ne kua mianda mibi ivua midifikile.”

Bushuwa, benji ba ngendu ku Proche-Orient badi bajingulula se: mbitekete bua kusuikakaja mianda ya mu Bible ne makolo adiku matuku aa. Bangabanga ne tshiluilu tshia bena France kukuatatshi Ejipitu, bantu bavua bamany’amu mianda mikese pa bidi bitangila ditunga edi dia kale. Pashishe, bena malu a siense ne bena meji matue bavua Napoléon muye nabu mu Ejipitu, bakatuadija kusokoluela bantu mianda misunguluke pa bidi bitangila ditunga dilenga dia Ejipitu wa kale. Pa nanku, bivua bipepele bua kudifuanyikijila “mudimu mukole” uvuabo benzeje bena Izalele.​—Ekesode 1:13, 14.

Butuku bua dipikudibua diabu ku Ejipitu, bena Izalele bakadisangisha ku Ramsès ne kuendabu too ne “ku mikalu ya tshipela.” (Ekesode 12:37; 13:20) Pa muaba eu, Nzambi wakabatumina dîyi bua “kupingana tshia nyima” ne “kutudila pabuipi ne mbuu.” Diya kumpala ne dipingana tshia nyima ebi bia dikema biakangatshibua bu “dilembakaja,” ne mfumu wa bena Ejipitu wakapatuka ne tshiluilu tshiende ne matempu a mvita 600 bua kukuata tshiakabidi bapika bende ba kale.​—Ekesode 14:1-9.

Tshimuangi

Bilondeshile Josèphe, mushikuluji wa mianda ya kale wa mu siekele wa kumpala B.B., tshiluilu tshia bena Ejipitu tshiakasaka bena Izalele “mu kajila kabumbakane” ne tshiakabakuata mu buteyi “pankatshi pa mupulumuku mukole ne mbuu.” Muaba uvua bena Izalele basabukile pa Mbuu Mukunze kawena mumanyike menemene lelu’eu to. Kadi, mbipepele bua kudifuanyikijila muanda eu kumbukila ku lusongo lua mukuna udi ku Nord kua Mbuu Mukunze. Mukuna eu munene udi ubikidibua ne: Djebel ʽAtaqah,’ mbuena kuamba ne: “Mukuna wa Dipikudibua.” Pankatshi pa muaba eu ne Mbuu Mukunze padi mpata mukese wenda usongoloka ne ubuela bikole mu mbuu. Ku lukuabu luseke lua Mbuu Mukunze, kudi mpata ne mishimi mivule ya mâyi, idibo babikila ne: Ayūn Mūsa, mbuena kuamba ne: “Biina bia Mozese.” Pankatshi pa miaba eyi ibidi, mâyi a mbuu adi enda wondoka ku kakese ku kakese, miaba mikuabo adi ne buondoke butue ku metre 9 too ne ku 18.

Balongeshi ba teoloji babule ditabuja ba mu bukua-buena-nkristo, bakapetula tshishima tshivua Nzambi muenze pa kukosolola mâyi a Mbuu Mukunze, nunku, kupetesha bena Izalele mushindu wa kusabukila pa buloba bûme. Badi bafuanyikija muanda eu bu uvua muenzekele mu tshisense katshiyi tshitambe kuondoka tshia ku Nord kua Mbuu Mukunze. Kadi, abi kabiena mu diumvuangana ne muyuki wa mu Bible nansha, udi misangu ne misangu umanyisha se: disabuka edi diakenzekela mu Mbuu Mukunze, muaba uvua mâyi mavule bua kuinyisha Faraone ne tshiluilu tshiende tshijima, eyowa, bua kubamina ne kasuki.​—Ekesode 14:26-31; Musambu wa 136:13-15; Ebelu 11:29.

Tshipela tshia Sinayi

Nsombelu mikole idi isanganyibua mu tshitupa tshia buloba tshidi tshibuela bikole mu mbuu tshia mukuna wa Sinayi mmiumvuija mushindu musunguluke mu muyuki wa mu Bible udi wakula bua ngendu ya bena Izalele. (Dutelonome 8:15) Kadi, tshisamba tshijima tshivua mua kudisangisha kuinshi kua mukuna wa Sinayi bua kupeta Mikenji ya Nzambi ne pashishe kusemena bua kuimanyina “pa bule” anyi? (Ekesode 19:1, 2; 20:18) Muaba eu udiku mutambe kualabala bua ditambakana dia mushindu’eu dia musumba wa bantu bamba kutua ku miliyo isatu anyi?

Muena ngendu kampanda mushikuluji wa mianda ya mu Bible wa mu siekele wa 19, Arthur Stanley, wakakumbula rejon wa Mukuna wa Sinayi ne kumvuija bivua bena diende bamone kunyima kua buobo bamane kubanda ku mukuna wa Rās Safsāf ne: “Buenzeji buvuabi nabi kutudi buvua bua muomumue ne buvua kudi muntu yonso uvua mubimone ne mubiumvuije. . . . Mpata uvuaku wa manyimanyi, mualabale ne wenda upulumuka ku kakese ku kakese too ne pa mupulumuku munene . . . Bu mudiku kakuyi muaba mukuabu mu rejon eu udi musuikakaja ku mpata ne mikuna eyi, ntshijadiki tshinene tshia bulelela bua muyuki eu tshia se: kakuena mua kupeteka muaba mukuabu wa mushindu’eu pabuipi ne Mukuna wa Sinayi.”

Buloba bulaya

Mu tshidimu tshia 40 tshia luendu lua bena Izalele mu tshipela, Mozese wakumvuija ngikadilu ya ditunga dikavuabo pa kubuela ne: “Yehowa Nzambi webe udi ukubueja mu ditunga dimpe, ditunga dia majiba a mâyi, mishimi ne tusulu tudi tupatukila mu mbuebe, tudi tusapalala mu tshibandabanda-mpata ne mu rejon ya mikuna.”​—Dutelonome 8:7.

Bulelela bua dilaya edi buakakumbana dîba divua tshisamba tshijima tshidisangishe, balume, bakaji, bana batekete ne benyi, mu tshibandabanda tshimpe tshinyenya mâyi tshia Sichem pankatshi pa mukuna wa Ebal ne mukuna wa Gerezime. Bisa bisambombo bivua bimane kuinshi kua mukuna wa Gerezime. Bisa bikuabu bisambombo bivua bidisangishe ku luseke lukuabu lua tshibandabanda, kuinshi kua mukuna wa Ebal bua kuteleja mabenesha a kudi Nzambi avua tshisamba ne bua kupeta bikalatshi ne bua kutumikila Mikenji ya Yehowa ne makenga avua ne bua kubafikila biabengabu kutumikila Mikenji ya Nzambi. (Yoshua 8:33-35) Kadi, muaba uvuaku mukumbane mu tshibandabanda etshi tshibumbakane bua kubueja tshisamba anyi? Ne mmunyi muvua yonso wa kudibu muteleje, nansha muvuaku kakuyi bipuidi anyi mikro bia buena lelu bua kukolesha dîyi?

Kuvua mushindu wa Yehowa Nzambi kukolesha dîyi dia bena Lewi mu tshishima. Kadi, tshishima tshia mushindu’eu katshivua tshikengedibua to. Mu tshibandabanda etshi, dîyi didi dimuangalaka bimpe bitambe. Alfred Edersheim, mushikuluji wa mianda ya mu Bible wa mu siekele wa 19, wakafunda ne: “Bena ngendu buonso badi banyisha mianda ibidi: 1. Kumbukila ku mukuna wa Ebal too ne ku mukuna wa Gerezime, kakuvua lutatu nansha lukese bua kusunguluja bionso bivua biambibua mu tshibandabanda. 2. Mikuna eyi ibidi ivua ipetesha muaba mukumbane bua bena Izalele buonso.”

Mu mukanda wende wa La terre et le Livre (angl.), William Thomson, mushikuluji mukuabu wa mianda ya mu Bible wa mu siekele wa 19, wakumvuija bualu buvuaye mudimuenene mu tshibandabanda etshi: “Ngakela mukunda bua kuteleja mukungulu wa dîyi, pashishe, ngakela meji muvuabi ne bua kuikala pakakula bena Lewi ne dîyi dikole ne: ‘Mulawu wikala kudi eu udi usonga tshimfuanyi kayi tshionso, tshintu tshibi tshitambe bua Yehowa.’ Pashishe, AMEN! wa dikema wa tshisumbu tshivulavulayi, mukolesha misangu dikumi, ubanda ne wenda umuangalaka ne umvuika kumbukila ku mukuna wa Ebal too ne ku mukuna wa Gerezime, ne kumbukila ku mukuna wa Gerezime too ne ku mukuna wa Ebal.”​—Fuanyikija ne Dutelonome 27:11-15.

Tshibandabanda tshia Jizréel

Ku Nord kua Sichem kudi tshibandabanda tshikuabu tshia bufuke tshituadijile ku muelelu wa mbuu ne tshishikila ku mpata mualabale. Rejon eu mujima udi ubikidibua ne: tshibandabanda tshia Jizréel, dîna dinyika bilondeshile tshimenga tshia Jizréel. Ku Nord kua tshibandabanda kudi tukuna-kuna tua Ngalileya, muaba uvua tshimenga muvua Yezu mukolele, Nazarete. George Smith udi umvuija mu mukanda wende wa Géographie historique de la Terre Sainte (angl.) ne: “Nazarete udi mu tshiiniina (peshi cuvette) tshinyunguluke kudi tukuna-kuna, kadi patudi tubanda ku mushiku wa tshiiniina etshi, . . . ntshinyipu tshitudi tumona! [Tshibandabanda tshia Jizréel] ntshialabale kumpala kuebe . . . ne madimi atshi a mvita . . . Nkarte ka mianda ya kale ya Dipungila Dikulukulu.”

Mu tshibandabanda-mpata etshi, bashikuluji ba bintu biangula mu buloba bakafukununa makolo a bimenga bivua bena Izalele bakuate mu matuku a Yoshua, mbuena kuamba ne: Taanach, Mégiddo, Jokneam, ne pamu’apa Kadesh. (Yoshua 12:7, 21, 22) Mu muine rejon eu, mu matuku a mulumbuluishi Barake ne mulumbuluishi Jedéon, Yehowa wakapikula mu tshishima tshisamba tshiende ku buluishi bua matunga avua nabu lukuna.​—Balumbuluishi 5:1, 19-21; 6:33; 7:22.

Siekele mivule pashishe, mukalenge Yehu wakabanda ku mutu kua tshibandabanda too ne ku tshimenga tshia Jizréel bua kukumbaja malumbuluisha a Yehowa pa Yezabele ne ba mu nzubu wa Akabe batontolodi. Kumbukila ku tshibumba tshia nsentedi mu Jizréel, bivua bipepele bua kumuenena ku njila wa ku Est, masalayi a Yehu enda asemena, pa bule bua kilomètres 19. Pa nanku, mukalenge Yoram wakapeta dîba dikumbane bua kutuma mutuadi wa mukenji wa kumpala ne mutuadi wa mukenji muibidi babande pa mpunda, ne ndekelu wa bionso, Yoram mukalenge wa Izalele ne Akazia mukalenge wa Yuda bakasuika pabu mpunda yabu ku matempu a mvita bua kusambakena ne Yehu kumpala kua yeye kufika mu tshimenga tshia Jizréel. Ne lukasa luonso, Yehu wakashipa Yoram. Akazia wakanyema, kadi, wakatapika mputa pashishe ne kufuila ku Mégiddo. (2 Bakalenge 9:16-27) Bilondeshile miaba ya mvita mitela kulu eku, George Smith udi ufunda ne: “Bidi bilenga ku muoyo bua se: mu miyuki eyi . . . kakuena muanda nansha umue wa jeografi udi kauyi mua kujadikibua.”

Kabiyi mpata, Yezu uvua mutangije mesu ende mu tshibandabanda tshia Jizréel ne mueleele meji pa matshimuna a dikema avua menzekele muaba eu, mumanye se: yeye Masiya mulaya uvua mulongolola bua kukumbaja mudimu wa Yoshua Munene, Baraka Munene, Gédéon Munene, ne Yehu Munene bua kubingisha bumfumu bua Yehowa ku mutu kua bionso. Bushuwa, Bible udi utumika ne Mégiddo, tshibandabanda-mpata bu tshimanyinu tshia muaba wakenzekela mvita ya Nzambi ya Har–Maguédon (mbuena kuamba ne: “Mukuna wa Mégiddo”). Neyikale mvita ya pa buloba bujima, mualua, Yezu Kristo, Mukalenge wa bakalenge, kubutula menemene baluishi buonso ba Nzambi ne ba tshisumbu tshia bena nkristo, tshisamba tshilelela tshia Nzambi.​—Buakabuluibua 16:16; 17:14.

Bible udi ulonda ne: ku Nazarete, bena Yuda bena bumfika munda, bakakeba ku kale bua kupulumuna Yezu kumbukila “pa muelelu wa mukuna pavuabo bashile tshimenga tshiabu” bua kumushipa. (Luka 4:29) Mbia mushinga bua kumanya se: ku Sud-Ouest kua tshimenga tshia Nazarete udiku lelu, kudi mupulumuku wa mutantshi wa metre 12 pavua muanda eu muenzekele. Bible udi usakidila ne: Yezu wakabafuka mu bianza bia baluishi bende, ne Bible udi usakidila ne: “wakapueka mu Kapernawume.” (Luka 4:30, 31) Bushuwa, Kapernawume udi mu tshiiniina menemene, mètre 200 muinshi pa kufuanyikija ne muaba udi mbuu wa Ngalileya.

Mumvuija aa ne makuabu mavule avua masaka bantu bakuabo pamue ne Napoléon bua kukema pa kumona bulelela bua mianda ya jeografi wa mu Bible. Thomson udi ufunda mu mukanda wende wa La Terre et le Livre ne: “Miaba idi [Bible] utuma bua kutangila ku twarte, tudi tuleja miaba misunguluke ivua mianda mienzekele, mmivule mitambe ne n’ya kueyemenyibua.” Mu mukanda wende wa Sinaï et Palestine (angl.) Stanley udi umvuija ne: “Ki mbikole bua kulengibua ku muoyo bua diumvuangana didi pankatshi pa miyuki ya kale ne malu a jeografi a ku tshifukilu mu Dipungila Dikulukulu ne mu Dipungila Dipiadipia.”

Bulelela bua dikema bua mu Bible pa bidi bitangila mianda ya jeografi mbumue bua ku bijadiki bidi bileja patoke se: ki mmukanda udi mufume kudi bantu nansha. Nimero isatu yashadi ya Tshibumba tshia Nsentedi ivua ne biena-bualu bivua biakula bua malu a mu Bible a muomumue. Tudi tukulomba bua kukeba ne kubala bitupa bikuabu bia mu mulongolongo eu wa biena-bualu.

[Karte mu dibeji 7]

(Bua kumona malu bimpe, tangila mu mukanda)

TSHIBANDABANDA TSHIA JIZREEL

Jizréel

Nazarete

Taanach

Mégiddo

Jokneam

Kadesh

N

MBUU WA NGALILEYA

MBUU MUNENE

miles

kilomètres

5

10

10

20

[Mêyi a dianyisha]

Bilondeshile karte ka Pictorial Archive (Near Eastern History) Est and Survey of Israel

[Tshimfuanyi mu dibeji 5]

Izalele upetele Mikenji ku mukuna wa Sinayi

[Mêyi a dianyisha]

Pictorial Archive (Near Eastern History) Est.