Tudi ne bua kutshina nshikidilu anyi kumuindila?

“Lelu nshikidilu ki mbualu patupu budi Bible umvuija to, kadi mmulue bualu bulelela menemene.”​—Javier Pérez de Cuéllar, mulombodi wa kale wa Bulongolodi bua Matunga Masanga.

DITELA dia muaku “nshikidilu” kudi muntu muende lumu buloba bujima didi dileja mushindu udi bantu bavule bumvua ne bamona mudibu benze nawu mudimu mu filme ne mu mikanda, mu bibejibeji ne mu bikandakanda. Udi ufikisha bantu ku dituma meji ku malu enzeka mu tshipupu tshinene tshiakuata bintu bionso bidiku. Kadi muaku “nshikidilu” udi umvuija tshinyi menemene? Tshitudi ne bua kutamba kukeba bua kumanya ntshia se: mmukenji kayi udi mu mukanda wa mu Bible mubikila ne: Apokalipse anyi Buakabuluibua?

Muaku “Buakabuluibua” mmufumine ku muaku wa mu tshiena-Greke udi umvuija “kusokolola” anyi “kubulula.” Ntshinyi tshivuabu babulule anyi basokolole mu mukanda wa Buakabuluibua? Tshivua anu mukenji udi umanyisha tshipupu, tshialondabu kudi kabutu kakuata bantu bonso anyi? Pakebejabu Jean Delumeau, mufundi wa malu a kale wa mu Tshilongelu tshia mu France, bua kumanya muvuaye wangata mukanda wa Buakabuluibua, wakamba ne: “Mmukanda udi usamba bantu ne ufila ditekemena. Bantu mbanekeshe mu diumvuija malu adimu pa kushindamena nangananga pa bitupa biawu bidi biakula bua kabutu.”

Ekleziya wa kumpala ne mukanda wa buakabuluibua

Mmunyi muvua “bena Kristo” ba kumpala bangata mukanda wa Buakabuluibua anyi Apokalipse ne ditekemena didimu dia Bukokeshi bua Kristo bua Bidimu Tshinunu (Milenyume) pa buloba? Mufundi wa malu a kale mumana kutela wakamba kabidi ne: “Buanyi meme, bena Kristo ba mu nkama mikese ya bidimu bia kumpala bavua mu kabujima bitabuje mulayi wa Bukokeshi bua bidimu tshinunu. . . . Munkatshi mua Bena Kristo ba mu nkama ya bidimu bia kumpala bavua bitabuje Bukokeshi bua Bidimu Tshinunu muvua nangananga Papias, muepiskopo wa mu tshimenga tshia Hiérapolis mu Asia Mukese, . . . Munsantu Justin, wakalelelabu mu Palestine ne pashishe kumushipabu bua ditabuja diende mu Lomo bu mu tshidimu tshia 165, Munsantu Irénée, muepiskopo wa mu Lyons, wakafua mu 202, Tertullien, wakafua mu 222, ne . . . mufundi munene Lactance.”

Bua Papias, udibu bamba ne: bakamushipa bua ditabuja diende mu Pêgamo mu 161 peshi mu 165 B.B., Tshibungu kampanda tshidi tshiamba ne: “Muepiskopo Papias wa ku Hiérapolis, mulongi wa Yone, wakadileja bu muyishi wa Bukokeshi bua Bidimu Tshinunu. Wakamba muvua dilongesha divuaye nadi difumine kudi bantu ba mu tshikondo tshia Bapostolo, ne Irénée udi ulonda ne: bakuabu ‘Ba-Presbyteri’ [bakulu] bavua bamone ne bateleje Yone bakangatshila kudiye dilongesha dia bukokeshi bua bidimu tshinunu, didi dikale dimue dia ku malongesha a Mukalenge. Bilondeshile Eusèbe . . . Papias wakamba mu mukanda wende ne: kunyima kua dibika dia bantu ku lufu, nekuikale bukalenge bua Kristo bua bidimu tshinunu, buamueneka ne mêsu ne butambe bulenga pa buloba apa.”​—The Catholic Encyclopedia.

Ntshinyi tshidi malu aa atuleja bua mushindu uvua bena kuitabuja ba kumpala bangata mukanda wa Buakabuluibua? Uvua ubatshingisha peshi uvua ubapesha ditekemena? Tshia kumanya ntshia se: bafundi ba miyuki ya kale badi babikila bena Kristo ba kumpala ne: bitabi ba bukokeshi bua bidimu tshinunu, tshibikidilu tshifumine ku miaku ya mu tshiena-Greke: khiʹli·a eʹte, mmumue ne: bidimu tshinunu. Bushuwa, bavule ba munkatshi muabu bavua bamanyike muvuabu bitabuja Bukokeshi bua Kristo bua Bidimu Tshinunu, buateka nsombelu ya mu mparadizu pa buloba. Muaba umuepele mu Bible udibu bakule bua ditekemena dia bidimu tshinunu mu mushindu musunguluke mmu mukanda wa Buakabuluibua (20:1-7). Nanku, pamutu pa kutshingisha bena kuitabuja, Buakabuluibua buakabapesha ditekemena dia mpatshi. Mu mukanda wende, Cecil Cadoux, mulongeshi wa malu a ekleziya mu Iniversite wa Oxford udi wamba ne: “Nansha muakalua bantu kuabenga, mayisha a bitabuji ba bukokeshi bua bidimu tshinunu avua matangalake bikole mu Ekleziya munkatshi mua tshikondo tshile, ne bavua baalongesha kudi bamue bafundi bavuabu batamba kunemeka.”​—The Early Church and the World.

Tshivua bantu babengele ditekemena dia mu buakabuluibua

Bu mudibi bilelela bua se: Bena Kristo bavule ba kumpala bavua batekemene Bukokeshi bua Kristo bua Bidimu Tshinunu bualombola mparadizu pa buloba, bua tshinyi bantu “bakalua kubenga” “mayisha a bitabi ba bukokeshi bua bidimu tshinunu”? Bamue bakabajana ne kabingila kimpe bualu, anu muakaleja mushikuluji Robert Mounce, “bualu, bitabi bavule ba bukokeshi bua bidimu tshinunu bakanekesha ne malu avuabu batekemene ne bavua bangata tshikondo tshia bidimu tshinunu bu mushindu wa kubenga bintu bionso bia ku mubidi kusangisha ne masanka.” Pabi bavua mua kushintulula mmuenenu eyi minekesha kabayi babenga ditekemena dilelela dia Bukokeshi bua Bidimu Tshinunu.

Tshiakakemesha mmishindu ivua bena lukuna bajimije nayi ditekemena dia bukokeshi bua bidimu tshinunu. Nkonga-miaku kampanda (Dictionnaire de Théologie Catholique) udi wamba bua Caïus (uvua ne muoyo ku ndekelu kua lukama luibidi lua bidimu too ne ku mbangilu wa lukama luisatu lua bidimu B.B.) muepiskopo wa mu Lomo ne: “bua kumonaye mua kutonkola dilongesha dia bukokeshi bua bidimu tshinunu, wakavila ulaka ne mu dikasa, wamba mudi Buakabuluibua ne Evanjeliyo wa Yone Munsantu kayiyi mikanda ya kueyemena.” Nkonga-miaku eu udi wamba kabidi ne: Dionysius, muepiskopo wa ku Alesandelia wa mu lukama luisatu lua bidimu, wakafunda malu a kuluisha nawu dilongesha dia bukokeshi bua bidimu tshinunu, ne: “bua kumona mua kupangisha bantu bavua bitabe bualu ebu bua kabitabuji mukanda wa Buakabuluibua wa Yone Munsantu, wakavila wamba mudiwu kauyi wa kueyemena.” Buluishi ebu bubi bujudila ditekemena didi bantu nadi dia mabenesha afila bukokeshi bua bidimu tshinunu pa buloba budi buleja patoke muvuaku mvita ya muinshimuinshi munkatshi mua balongi ba malu a Nzambi ba mu tshikondo atshi.

Mulongeshi Norman Cohn udi ufunda mu mukanda wende ne: “Mu lukama luisatu lua bidimu bakateta musangu wa kumpala bua kuleja ne: dilongesha dia bukokeshi bua bidimu tshinunu divua dia dishima, pavua Origène, uvua pamu’apa muikale ne bukole bua bungi munkatshi mua bamanyi bonso ba malu a Nzambi ba mu Ekleziya wa kale, mutuadije kuamba ne: Bukalenge ki mbualu bulelela buenzeka ku buntu nunku’eu to, kadi nebuenzekele anu mu anyima ya bena kuitabuja.” (The Pursuit of the Millennium) Bu muvuaye mueyemene nkindi ya bena Greke pamutu pa kueyemena Bible, Origène wakavuija ditekemena edi dilenga dia mabenesha afila Bukalenge bua Masiya pa buloba bu “muanda . . . udi mu anyima ya bena kuitabuja,” muanda udi bantu kabayi mua kujingulula. Léon Gry, mufundi muena Katolike, wakamba ne: “Buenzeji bua nkindi ya bena Greke buvua butangalake . . . buakatekesha ku kakese ku kakese ngenyi ivua nayi Bitabuji ba bukokeshi bua bidimu tshinunu.”

“Ekleziya mmujimije mukenji uvua umupesha ditekemena”

Kakuyi mpata, Augustin uvua Tatu wa Ekleziya wakenza muende muonso bua kusambakaja nkindi ya bena Greke ne malu a tshikondo tshiende avua amueneka mafuanangane ne Buena-Kristo. Ku ntuadijilu uvua muyishi munene wa dilongesha dia bukokeshi bua bidimu tshinunu, ku ndekelu wakabenga bualu buonso buvua buakula bua Bukokeshi bua Kristo bua Bidimu Tshinunu buikala pa buloba mu matuku atshilualua. Wakakonyangaja ngumvuilu wa malu adi mu Buakabuluibua nshapita wa 20.

Tshibungu kampanda tshidi tshiamba ne: “Ndekelu wa bionso Augustin wakatua ku tshia bavua bitabuja ne: kakuakuikala bukokeshi bua bidimu tshinunu to. . . . Udi utuambila ne: dibika dia bafue dia kumpala didibu batela mu nshapita eu didi diumvuija diledibua tshiakabidi mu nyuma pa kutambula batismo; nsabatu wa bidimu tshinunu panyima pa bidimu binunu bisambombo bia malu a bantu ke muoyo wa kashidi.” (The Catholic Encyclopedia) Tshibungu tshikuabu tshidi tshileja ne: “Malu a tshianana avua Augustin mukondakaje nawu ditabuja dia bukokeshi bua bidimu tshinunu ke akalua dilongesha dinene dia ekleziya . . . Balombodi bena Mishonyi balondi ba malongesha a Luther, a Calvin ne a ekleziya wa mu Angleterre . . . bakashala balamate kashendende ku malongesha a Augustin.” (The New Encyclopædia Britannica) Ke muakajimija bena mu Bukua-buena-Kristo ditekemena dia bukokeshi bua bidimu tshinunu nunku.

Bualu bukuabu, Frédéric de Rougemont, muena malu a Nzambi wa mu ditunga dia Suisse, wakamba ne: “mu dipidia ditabuja divuaye nadi ku ntuadijilu dia bukokeshi bua bidimu tshinunu, [Augustin] wakenzela Ekleziya bibi be. Ku diambuluisha dia buenzeji bukole buvua nabu dîna diende, wakitaba tshilema tshivuaye muenze tshiakafikisha [ekleziya] ku dijimija ditekemena dilenga dia pa buloba.” Adolf Harnack, muena malu a Nzambi wa mu ditunga dia Allemagne, wakamba ne: kubenga dilongesha dia Bukokeshi bua Bidimu Tshinunu kuakapangishisha bantu ba tshianana “tshitendelelu tshivuabu bumvue” ne kuakapingaja “tshitendelelu tshivuabu kabayi mua kujingulula” pa muaba wa “tshitendelelu ne ditekemena bivuaku ku ntuadijilu.” Dishala dia bitendelelu munda mutupu mu matunga mavule lelu ntshijadiki tshinene tshia se: bantu badi bajinga dilongesha ne ditekemena bidibu mua kumvua bimpe.

Mu mukanda wende kampanda, George Beasley-Murray, mumanyi wa malu a Bible, wakafunda ne: “Bua buenzeji bukole bua ngenyi ya Augustin ne ditaba dia dilongesha dia bukokeshi bua bidimu tshinunu kudi bisumbu bivule, bena Katolike ne bena Mishonyi mbadienze tshintu tshimue bua kubenga kuitabuja bualu ebu. Padibu babakonka bua kuamba dinga ditekemena didibu nadi bua bantu pa buloba ebu, badi bandamuna ne: Kakuena ditekemena nansha dimue to. Nebabutule bukua-panu ebu palua Kristo bua kujadika diulu ne inferno bia kashidi muikala bantu kabayi mua kuvuluka kabidi malu a kale. . . . Ekleziya mmujimije mukenji uvua umupesha ditekemena.”​—Highlights of the Book of Revelation.

Ditekemena dilenga dia mu buakabuluibua ditshidi ne bukole!

Buabu buobu, Bantemu ba Yehowa mbajadike ne: milayi milenga idi itangila Bukokeshi bua Bidimu Tshinunu neyikumbane. Pakamuelabu lukonko ku televizion pa tshiena-bualu tshia se: “Tshidimu tshia 2000: Bantu badi Batshina Nshikidilu,” Jean Delumeau, mufundi wa miyuki ya kale wa mu France, wakaleja ne: “Bantemu ba Yehowa badi balonda menemene lungenyi lua dilongesha dia bukokeshi bua bidimu tshinunu, bualu badi bamba ne: mu katupa kîpi emu . . . nekulue tshikondo tshia bidimu 1 000 bia disanka nansha muikalabi mua kulua kunyima kua kabutu.”

Aa ke malu akamona mupostolo Yone mu tshikena-kumona ne akumvuijaye mu mukanda wende wa Buakabuluibua. Wakafunda ne: ‘Ngakatangila diulu dipiadipia ne buloba bupiabupia. Ngakumvua dîyi dikole difuma mu nkuasa wa butumbi diamba ne: Tangilayi, nzubu wa tshilulu wa Nzambi udi munkatshi mua bantu, ne yeye neyikale nabu, ne bobu nebikale bantu bende; ne Nzambi muine neikale nabu, neikale Nzambi wabu. Yeye neakupule tshinsonji tshionso ku mêsu kuabu; ne lufu kaluena luikalaku kabidi; madilu kaena ikalaku kabidi, nansha muadi, nansha kanyinganyinga kabidi; malu a kumudilu akumuka.’​—Buakabuluibua 21:1, 3, 4.

Bantemu ba Yehowa mbaditue mu mudimu wa dilongesha Bible pa buloba bujima bua kuambuluisha bantu bavule bua bapete ditekemena edi. Nebikale ne disanka bua kukuambuluisha bua umanye pebe malu a bungi adi atangila ditekemena edi.

[Tshimfuanyi mu dibeji 6]

Papias wakamba muvuaye muangatshile dilongesha dia Bukokeshi bua Bidimu Tshinunu kudi bantu ba mu tshikondo tshia bapostolo

[Tshimfuanyi mu dibeji 7]

Tertullien uvua witaba Bukokeshi bua Kristo bua Bidimu Tshinunu

[Credit Line]

© Cliché Bibliothèque Nationale de France, Paris

[Tshimfuanyi mu dibeji 7]

“Mu dipidia ditabuja divuaye nadi ku ntuadijilu bua bukokeshi bua bidimu tshinunu, [Augustin] wakenzela Ekleziya bibi be”

[Tshimfuanyi mu dibeji 8]

Mparadizu mulaya mu Buakabuluibua ntshintu tshitudi ne bua kutekemena ne muoyo kulukulu