Mwafwa Vika Kwakela VIMBIMBILIYA Vyavingi?

Mwafwa vika ano matangwa kuli Vimbimbiliya vyavingi vivanalumbununa mu vindaka vya kulithethzathethza? Mukamono ngweni Vimbimbiliya vyaviha, vimikwatha muthzivithithe mwamuvwa Mbimbiliya indi mukathinganyeka ngweni vimitanganetha? Kuthzivuka muvanungulwililemo Vimbimbiliya vya kulivanga kumikwatha kwangula Mbimbiliya imwatha kuthzivithitha mwamuvwa.

Oloni veya vathonekele Mbimbiliya lwa kulivanga, cho vaithonekele mwaka uka?

MBIMBILIYA YA KULIVANGA

Mbimbiliya vanayangununa mu mitamba ivali. Mutamba wa kulivanga uli na mavulu a kupwa 39, cho wapwa ‘majwi a Njambi’ a kujela. (Loma 3:2) Njambi wahwimininine vanalume va kulongwa vathoneke awa mavulu ha myaka ya kukokela ku 1,100 kushangumuka mu 1513 B.C.E. kutwala mu 443 B.C.E. Vwingi vwa mavulu a mu mutamba wa kulivanga vawathonekele mu Chihevelu, ngechi, wapwa Vithoneka vya Chihevelu, uje vakatumbula lalo ngwavo Lithzivathano lya Laja.

Mutamba wa mu chivali uli na mavulu akupwa 27, aje apwa “lijwi lya Njambi.” (1 Tesalonika 2:13) Njambi, wahwimininine vandongethi va Yesu va kulongwa vathoneke awa mavulu mu myaka ya kukokela ku 60, kushangumuka mu 41 C.E. kutwala mu 98 C.E. Vwingi vwa mavulu ali omu mutamba vawathonekele mu Chingiliki, ngechi wapwa Vithoneka vya Chingiliki vya vaka-Kilisitu, uje vatumbula lalo ngwavo Lithzivathano Lyaliha.

Awa mavulu akuhwiminina a kupwa 66, akewo apwa Mbimbiliya muje muli muthzimbu wa kutunda kuli Njambi. Oloni vika vivalumbunwinine Vimbimbiliya mu vindaka vikwavo? Kuli vyuma vitatu vyanenethele ngwavo valinge ngocho.

• Mangana vanu vathe kutanda Mbimbiliya mu ndaka yavo.

• Mangana volole haje havathevukile vaka-kuthononona Mbimbiliya, ngechi ilitombole na viñanda vivathonekelemo ha kulivanga.

• Mangana vaithoneke mu vindaka vije vivali na kupangetha na kuthzivithitha vanu matangwa ano.

Tuchithimutwiyeni omwo evi vyuma vitatu vyakwathelelemo mu kulumbununa Vimbimbiliya vivali vya kulivanga.

MBIMBILIYA YA CHINGILIKI YA SEPTUAGINT

Myaka 300 thimbu kanda Yesu aije hano hathi, Vayunda va kulilongetha vashangumukile kulumbununa Vithoneka vya Chihevelu mu ndaka ya Chingiliki. Vaitumbwile ngwavo Mbimbiliya ya Chingiliki ya Septuagint. Vika vivaithonekelele? Vashakele kukwatha Vayunda vaje vakele na kwendeka Chingiliki ha thimbu oyo mangana vathzivuke “Vithoneka vya Kujela.”—2 Timateo 3:15.

Eyi Mbimbiliya ya Septuagint yakwathele lalo vaje kuvapwile Vayunda, vaje vakele na kwendeka Chingiliki vathzivuke vilongetha vya mu Mbimbiliya. Yathele vati kulinga ngocho? Munalume umo wa kulilongetha, Wilbert Francis Howard wendekele ngwendi: “Kushangumuka hakati ka chita cha myaka cha kulivanga, Vichechi vya vaka-Kilisitu vyakele neyi Mbimbiliya, cho vamishinali vavo vakele na kuya mu masinangonge na ‘kumwetha vanu vukaleho vwa mu vithoneka, vuje vumwetha ngwavo Mesiya napu Yesu.’” (Vilinga 17:3, 4; 20:20) F.F.Bruce, muka-kulilongetha vya Mbimbiliya wathonekele ngwendi echi chikecho chanenethele ngwavo Vayunda vamo “valikelele kutanda Mbimbiliya ya Septuagint.”

Omwo vandongethi va Yesu vamanethele kuthoneka mutamba wa Vithoneka vya Chingiliki vya Vaka-Kilisitu vakumbathanene uje mutamba na mutamba wa Vithoneka vya Chihevelu vya Septuagint, ngechi ikeyo inapu Mbimbiliya ituli nayo ano matangwa.

MBIMBILIYA YA LATIN VULGATE

Omwo kwetile myaka ya kukokela ku 300 kutunda ha vamanethelele kuthoneka Mbimbiliya, Jerome muka-kulilongetha vya vulombelo walumbunwine Mbimbiliya mu Chilatini, cho vaitumbwile ngwavo Latin Vulgate. Ha thimbu oyo, kwakele Vimbimbiliya vikwavo vya mu ndaka ya Latini, cho vika vyanenethele ngwavo valumbunune Mbimbiliya ikwavo? Livulu lya The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia lyendekele ngwalyo, Jerome washakele kwolola “hoshe haje hakele tupenga.”

Jerome walingile ngocho vene. Oloni mukwita kwa thimbu, kuli vyuma vimo vivalingile vantwama va mu vulombelo vije vyanenele vukalu vwakama. Vashikile ngwavo vanu vapangethe lika Mbimbiliya ya Latin Vulgate, cho ikeyo lika ivapangethele ha myaka yaingi. Eyi Mbimbiliya ya Latin Vulgate yalingithile vanu vavangi vajeneke kuthzivithitha vuthunga, mwafwa vanu vavangi valikelele kupangetha Chilatini.

VIMBIMBILIYA VILITHALA MU VINDAKA VYAVINGI

Mu chita cha myaka cha mu chitanu vanu vatwaleleleho kulumbununa Vimbimbiliya vikwavo vya kufwa ngwe Syriac Peshitta, vije vyathsimanene manene . Oloni mu chita cha myaka cha vu 14, athinoni vakutavethele vanu kulumbununa Mbimbiliya mu vindaka vivakele na kwendeka vanu.

Ku mamanethelelo a chita cha myaka cha vu 14, John Wycliffe wa ku England washangumukile kulumbununa Mbimbiliya mu ndaka ya Vundele, ije ivathele kuthzivithitha vanu va mu lifuti lyavo. Kutundoho, vanu vashangumukile kupulinta Vimbimbiliya kupangetha makina a Johannes Gutenberg, cho awa makina akwathele vaka-kulilongetha Mbimbiliya vapulinte Vimbimbiiya mu vindaka vyavingi na kuvipangethzela vanu mu Europe.

Omwo vaka-kulwitha vamwene vwingi vwa Vimbimbiliya vya Vundele vivapulintile, kuvashakele ngwavo evi Vimbimbiliya vitume lika mu ndaka ya. Mu chita cha myaka cha vu 18, John Lewis wendekele ngwendi: “Ndaka ya vanu ikatenguluka mu kwita kwa thimbu, ngechi kwapwa kwa theho kwituluka mu mavulu avalumbunwine kuthañulu na kupangetha majwi aje avali na kupangetha na kuthzivithitha vanu matangwa ano.”

Vaka-kulilongetha vya Mbimbiliya va matangwa ano, vatha kwolola mwamuvwa Vimbimbiliya vivalumbunwine kuthañulu. Mwafwa vatha kuthzivithitha mwamuvwa vindaka vije vivapangethele ha kulivanga mu kuthoneka Mbimbiliya. Cho lalo, vanawana mavulu amangi a Mbimbiliya a kuthzenga aje atha kuvakwatha. Evi vyoshe vivakwatha vathzivuke mwamuvwa viñanda vivathonekele ha kulivanga.

Ngechi, kulumbununa Vimbimbiliya vyaviha kunapu kwa thehomanene. Oloni tunapande kunyanyama omwo twangula Vimbimbiliya vitunapande kutanda.a Nga ovo vanalumbununa Mbimbiliya vathzema Njambi mu vuthunga, cho Mbimbiliya ivanalumbununa yatha kutukwatha manene.