Tsamba Lopatulika Limene Linatchuka

Kwa zaka mazana atatu fodya inali mankhwala kwa Angelezi. Madokotala analangiza kugwiritsira ntchito chitsambacho kaamba ka matenda oyambira pa kupuma mpweya woipa kufikira ku kukhala ndi matudza. Zonsezo zinayambira mu 1492 pamene Columbus limodzi ndi kagulu ka antchito ake, Angelezi oyamba kuwona fodya, anapeza nzika za m’zilumba za West Indies zikumakoka fodya youlungidwa yosapangidwa mwadongosolo m’madzoma a fukolo.

Kwanthawi yaitali Columbus asanakhale, pafupifupi anthu onse akale a Amereka anawona fodya kukhala yopatulika. Poyambilira, kusuta fodya chinali chiyeneretso ndi chochitika cha asing’anga ndi ansembe. Iwo anagwiritsira ntchito ziyambukiro za chikonga chake kuti awone masomphenya mkati mwa madzoma awo aufuko. “Fodya inagwirizanitsidwa mwathithithi ndi milungu yawo,” akusimba motero wolemba mbiri zakale W. F. Axton, “osati kokha m’mapwando awo achipembedzo komanso m’machitidwe awo opoletsa kapena kuchiritsa, zonsezo zinali zogwirizanitsidwa mwanjira yakutiyakuti ndi chipembedzo chawo.” Koma ngati kugwiritsiridwa ntchito monga mankhwala kwa fodya ndiko kumene poyamba kunagwira chisamaliro cha Aspanya ndi Apwitikizi ofufuza maiko enawo, kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwake monga zosangulutsa kunatsatira mwamsanga.

“Ndidzasuta Ndudu Ina/Ndi Kutemberera Bwana Walter Raleigh,” anaimba motero wa Beatles John Lennon ndi Paul McCartney. Bwana Walter, wotchedwa kuti “wolankhula manenanena okopa wabwino koposa pakati pa amuna Achingelezi kaamba ka kaliwo wosangulutsa,” anabzala fodya m’munda mwake ku Ireland. Iye anachita zonse zimene akanatha kufalitsa chizolowezicho pakati pa chitaganya chokhoza kusinthidwacho. Kutsogolo kwa nthawi yake, iye akukumbutsa munthu wochirikiza indastale yafodya ndi wolengeza wa ‘zaka zana za ndudu.’

Koma zinali Zaka Makumi Atatu za Nkhondo m’Yuropu, osati chizimba cha Bwana Walter, imene inapangitsa zaka za zana la-17 kukhala “Mbadwo Waukulu wa Kaliwo,” akutero Jerome E. Brooks. “Kwakukulukulu kupyolera mwa chiwiya cha nkhondo,” iye akuterobe, “kusuta kunafalikira pa Kontinenti lonselo” ndi kulowa mu Asia ndi Afirika. Zochitika zofananazo zinayambitsa nyengo ya ndudu.