Miyala Imene Imauluka

KODI munaonapo nyenyezi ya mchira usiku ikuyaka kudutsa mlengalenga wopanda mitambo? Mwina mudzaiona posachedwapa. Malinga ndi kunena kwa asayansi zoyaka zimenezi za chilengedwe zimadutsa mlengalenga nthaŵi ngati 200,000,000 tsiku lililonse!

Kodi izo nchiyani? Zangokhala zidutswa za miyala kapena zitsulo zotchedwa ma meteoroid zimene zimayaka zikaloŵa mumphweya wophimba dziko lapansi. Kuunika koŵala konga mchira kumene zimasonyeza m’mlengalenga kumene kumaoneka pa dziko lapansi kumatchedwa meteor.

Ma meteoroid ambiri amapseratu asanafike pa dziko lapansi, koma ena amapulumuka kutentha kwakukuluko nafika pa dziko lapansi. Ameneŵa amatchedwa ma meteorite. Asayansi ena amayerekezera kuti tsiku lililonse miyala youluka imeneyi yokwana matani ngati 1,000 imagwera pa dziko lapansi.a

Kugwa kwake kumeneku nthaŵi zambiri sikumakhala kowopsa kwa anthu, makamaka chifukwa chakuti miyala youluka imeneyi njaing’ono kwambiri. Ndipotu, ma meteor ambiri amachititsidwa ndi ma meteorite osaposa kamchenga kukula kwake. (Onani bokosi lakuti, “Miyala Yochokera m’Mlengalenga.) Nanga bwanji za miyala yaikulu zikwi zambiri youluka m’mlengalenga? Mwachitsanzo, tatengani uja wotchedwa Ceres, umene uli wochindikala makilomita ngati 1,000! Ndipo pali miyala ina 30 yodziŵika imene kuchindikala kwake kumaposa makilomita 190. Kwenikweni miyala yaikulu imeneyi ili mapulaneti aang’ono. Asayansi amaitcha kuti ma asteroid.

Bwanji ngati umodzi wa ma asteroid ameneŵa ungagwere pa dziko lapansi? Ngozi yokhoza kuchitika imeneyi ndiyo chifukwa china chofunika chimene asayansi amafufuzira ma asteroid. Ngakhale kuti ma asteroid ochuluka amayenda m’dera la pakati pa Mars ndi Jupiter, ena oonedwa ndi akatswiri a zakuthambo amadutsadi mumpita wa dziko lapansi. Umboni wakuti pangakhale kugundana umasonyezedwa ndi maenje aakulu monga Meteor Crater (imene imatchedwanso Barringer Crater) pafupi ndi Flagstaff, Arizona, U.S.A. Mafotokozedwe ena a kusoloka kwa ma dinosaur amati kugundana kwamphamvu kunasintha mpweya wokuta dziko lapansi ndi kulichititsa kukhala ndi nyengo ya chisanu yaitali imene ma dinosaur sakanapulumuka.

Kugundana kotero kwamphamvu lerolino kungawononge anthu. Komabe, Baibulo limasonyeza kuti “olungama adzalandira dziko lapansi, nadzakhala momwemo kosatha.”—Salmo 37:29.

[Mawu a M’munsi]

[Bokosi patsamba 24]

Fireball pa Tepi ya Vidiyo

Ma meteor ena amakhala oŵala kwambirimbiri ndi aakulu koposa. Amatchedwa ma fireball. Pa October 9, 1992, fireball yosonyezedwa pa chithunzithunzi pamwambapa inadutsa m’mlengalenga m’maboma angapo a United States. Fireball imeneyo inayamba kuoneka ku West Virginia ndipo inaoneka pamalo aakulu koposa makilomita 700. Chidutswa chake china, cholemera ngati makilogramu 12, chinagwera pa galimoto lina loimikidwa ku Peekskill, New York.

Chapadera ndi chochitikachi nchakuti chifukwa cha mmene meteoroid imeneyo inaloŵera mumpweya wokuta dziko lapansi, fireball yoŵala inapangika imene inakhala masekondi oposa 40. Zimenezi zinapereka mpata umene sunayambe wakhalako wa kuijambula pa vidiyo m’malo 14 osiyanasiyana. Malinga ndi magazini a Nature, “ameneŵa ndi mafilimu oyamba a fireball imene inasiya meteorite.”

Fireball imeneyo inasweka kukhala zidutswa zosachepera 70, zimene zimaoneka pamatepi a vidiyo ena monga timiyala tapatokha tomayaka tothamanga. Ngakhale kuti meteorite imodzi ndiyo imene yapezedwa pa chochitikachi, asayansi akukhulupirira kuti zidutswa zina zambiri zingakhale zitaloŵa mumpweya wokuta dziko lapansi ndi kugwera pansi. Ndi zokhazo zimene zingakhale zotsalira za meteoroid imene poyamba inalemera ngati matani 20.

[Bokosi patsamba 25]

Miyala Yochokera m’Mlengalenga

Asteroid: Yotchedwanso planetoid kapena pulaneti yaing’ono. Mapulaneti aang’onong’ono ameneŵa amazungulira dzuŵa. Ambiri mipangidwe yawo siyabwinobwino ayi zimene zingasonyeze kuti ali zidutswa za zinthu zina zimene zinali zazikulu.

Meteoroid: Chidutswa chaching’ono ndithu cha chitsulo kapena mwala woyandama m’mlengalenga kapena womagwa mumpweya wokuta dziko lapansi. Asayansi ambiri amaganiza kuti ma meteoroid ambiri ali zidutswa za ma asteroid okhalako chifukwa cha kugundana kapena ndiyo miyala yotsala ya makometi (comet) osoloka.

Meteor: Meteoroid ikaloŵa mumpweya wokuta dziko lapansi, kukanikizana kwake ndi mpweya kumatulutsa kutentha kwakukulu ndi kuunika koŵala. Kuunika kumeneku kwa mipweya yotentha yomayaka kumaoneka kamphindi monga kuunika konga mchira m’mlengalenga. Kuunika konga mchirako kumatchedwa meteor. Ambiri amati nyenyezi ya mchira kapena nyenyezi yomagwa. Ma meteor ambiri amayamba kuoneka pamene ali m’mwamba pamtunda ngati makilomita 100 kuchokera pa dziko lapansi.

Meteorite: Nthaŵi zina meteoroid imakhala yaikulu kwambiri kwakuti simapseratu ikaloŵa mumpweya wokuta dziko lathu lapansi, ndipo imagwera pa dziko lapansi. Meteoroid yotero imatchedwa meteorite. Ena angakhale aakulu ndi olemera koposa. Meteorite ina ku Namibia, Afirika, imalemera koposa matani 60. Ma meteorite ena olemera matani 15 kapena kuposapo apezeka ku Greenland, Mexico, ndi United States.

[Bokosi patsamba 25]

Ida ndi Mwezi Wake Waung’ono

Potenga chithunzithunzi cha asteroid yotchedwa Ida, chombo cha m’mlengalenga chotchedwa Galileo chinapeza zosayembekezereka paulendo wake wopita ku Jupiter—chitsanzo chodziŵika choyamba cha mwezi womazungulira asteroid. Malinga ndi zimene Sky and Telescope inasimba, asayansi amayerekezera kuti mwezi umenewu wonga dzira, wotchedwa Dactyl, uli wa makilomita 1.6 m’litali ndi 1.2 m’lifupi. Mpita wake uli pamtunda wa makilomita 100 kuchokera pakati pa asteroid yotchedwa Ida, imene ili ya makilomita 56 m’litali ndi 21 m’lifupi. Maonekedwe ake a infrared amasonyeza kuti Ida ndi mwezi wake waung’onowo ali m’banja la ma asteroid a Koronis, amene amati ndi zidutswa za mwala umodzi waukulu umene unasweka utagundana ndi china chake m’mlengalenga.

[Mawu a Chithunzi]

hithunzithunzi cha NASA/JPL

[Chithunzi patsamba 25]

Meteor Crater, pafupi ndi Flagstaff, Arizona, U.S.A. mlomo wake ngwaukulu mamita 1,200 ndipo kuya kwake mamita 200

[Mawu a Chithunzi]

Chithunzithunzi chojambulidwa ndi D. J. Roddy ndi K. Zeller, U.S. Geological Survey

[Mawu a Chithunzi patsamba 23]

Sara Eichmiller Ruck