Chinthu Chodabwitsa

Chinthu chodabwitsachi ndi kaboni yemwe amapezeka m’zinthu zamoyo komanso zinthu zina zambiri za m’chilengedwe. Buku lina linati: “Kaboni ndi chinthu chofunika kwambiri kuti moyo upangidwe.” (Nature’s Building Blocks) Kaboni ndi wodabwitsa chifukwa amatha kulumikizana yekhayekha komanso ndi zinthu zina zosiyanasiyana. Nthawi zonse asayansi amatulukira zinthu zatsopano zimene zinapangidwa chifukwa choti kaboni analumikizana ndi zinthu zina komanso amapeza njira zimene angalumikizire kaboni ndi zinthu zina zatsopano.

Monga mmene tingaonere m’zithunzizi, kaboni amatha kulumikizana yekhayekha n’kumaoneka mosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo angaoneke ngati matcheni, maring’i komanso machubu. Kunena zoona kaboni ndi chinthu chodabwitsadi.

DAYAMONDI

Kaboni amatha kulumikizana ndi kaboni wina n’kumaoneka mmene akuonekera m’chithunzichi. Akalumikizana chonchi amalimba kwambiri ndipo amakhala dayamondi, womwe ndi mwala wamtengo wapatali kwambiri.

GIRAFAITI (GRAPHITE)

Kaboni amathanso kulumikizana n’kumaoneka mmene akuonekera m’chithunzichi. Akaoneka chonchi amatha kuunjikika ngati mapepala ndipo mbali imodzi ingachoke pamwamba pa zinzake ngati mmene pepala lingachotsedwere pa mapepala ena. Chifukwa cha zimenezi anthu amaika girafaiti pakati pa zinthu zomwe sakufuna kuti zizikhulana kapena kumatirirana. Girafaiti amamugwiritsanso ntchito popanga mapensulo.a

GIRAFINI (GRAPHENE)

Girafini amapangidwanso kaboni akalumikizana yekhayekha ndipo amaoneka ngati neti, mofanana ndi mmene zikuonekera m’chithunzichi. Girafini ndi wamphamvu kwambiri moti sangaduke msanga poyerekezera ndi chitsulo. Pensulo yamakala imathanso kukhala ndi Girafini koma wochepa kwambiri.

FULARINI (FULLERENES)

Fularini amapangidwa kaboni akaphatikizana ndi kaboni wina n’kupanga timipira kapena timachubu ting’onoting’ono kwambiri. Fularini ndi wamng’ono kwambiri moti pomuyeza amagwiritsa ntchito muyezo wopangidwa ndi kagawo kamodzi ka mita imene yagawidwa m’magawo 1 biliyoni.

ZINTHU ZAMOYO

Kaboni amapezeka mu maselo a zomera, a nyama ndiponso anthu. Zili choncho chifukwa amapezeka m’zinthu monga mafuta komanso michere ya m’thupi.