Mvula ya M’nyengo Yachisanu Imabweretsa Maluŵa a M’chipululu—Ndiponso Zosungira za Zomera Zomadzazanso

MBEWU ZINA za m’chipululu zimawoneka kukhala zikuyesa kugwa kwa mvula. Izo sizidzaphukira kufikira theka la inchi (1.3 cm) kapena kugwa kwa mvula koposerapo. Izo zinganyowetsedwe bwino kwambiri ndi yochepa, koma sizidzamera. Zimawonekanso kukhala zikudziŵa mbali kumene madzi amachokera. Ngati okwanira achokera kumwamba, izo zidzaphukira; ngati zinyowetsedwa kuchokera pansi, izo zimakana kuchita tero. Siziri kokha zosamalitsa; koma zirinso zanzeru kwambiri. Mbewu za nzeru zimenezi ziri za banja la zochita maluŵa kamodzi pa chaka zimene m’nyengo ya masika zingadzaze chipululu ndi mitundu yokongola.

Koma kodi zimayesa motani kugwa kwa mvula? Nthaŵi zina m’chere umakhala mu nthaka ya m’chipululu, ndipo mbewu zimakana kuphukira kaamba ka kukhalapo kwake. M’cherewo uli wokhoza kusungunuka m’madzi. Mvula yochepa ingakhoze kunyowetsa mbewu koma siingathe kusukulutsa m’cherewo. Chimafunikira mvula ya kaŵirikaŵiri ndi yamphamvu kuti isungunule m’chere ndi kuupereka pansi kwambiri pa nthaka, kutali ndi mbewu. Ndipo mvula ifunikira kunyowetsa nthaka kuchokera pamwamba; madzi onyowetsa kuchokera pansi angakhoze kusungunula m’chere koma sangathe kuwuchotsa iwo.

Nthaŵi zina vuto sirimakhala ndi nthaka koma ndi mbewu. M’zotsekera za mbewu zina za m’chipululu, muli mankhwala amadzi osungunula amene amaletsa kumera. Mvula yochepa inganyowetse mbewu, koma chimafunikira mvula yamphamvu ya kaŵirikaŵiri kuti ichotsepo mankhwala onse ovuta. Zinthu zina zoletsa kumera m’zotsekera za mbewu sizimachotsedwa ngakhale ndi mvula yamphamvu; chimafunikira mphamvu zina zake za tizirombo. Koma tizirombo timeneti timangochita kokha ntchito yawo ngati pali madzi okhalapo kwanthaŵi yaitali m’mbewu. Chotero iri mvula yambirinso imene imafunikira.

Nchifukwa ninji mbewu za maluŵa a m’chipululu ziri zosamalitsa chotero ponena za zonsezi? Ngati zaphukira ndi kuyamba kumera pa mvula yoyamba yochepa, mizu yake siidzapeza madzi pansi panthaka. Dzuŵa lotentha la m’chipululu lidzawumitsa zomera zisanayambe kuchita maluŵa ndi kubala mbewu. Koma ngati mbewu zapangidwa kuti ziyembekezere kufikira nthaka itanyowetsedwa pansipo, mizu yake idzapeza madzi ngakhale ngati mbali ya pamwamba yanthaka iri youma.

Chotero chiri kaamba ka chipulumutso chimene m’chere mu nthaka umapangitsira mbewu kuyembekeza kufikira pamene kugwa kwa mvula yamphamvu yawuchotsa iwo. Zoletsa kumera m’zotsekera za mbewu zimachita ntchito imodzimodzi. Zinthu zina m’zotsekera za mbewu zimaletsa kuphukira, koma zimachotsedwa ndi tizirombo timene sitimachita ntchito yake kufikira mvula itanyowetsa mbewu. Ndi zokhozetsa zosiyanasiyanazi, mbewu zimayembekeza kaamba ka kugwa kobwerezabwereza kwa mvula yamphamvu pamene kumera kusanayambike.

Ngati mvula yochuluka ya m’nyengo yachisanu siinabwere, za m’chipululu nazonso sizimachita maluŵa monga mmene ziri ndi rose. Koma ngati yatero, nthaŵi ya nyengo ya masika m’chipululu imatulutsa ndi kuwonetsera kwa mtundu umene umapangitsa kufuula kwa kakambidwe kozizwitsidwa kuchokera kwa unyinji wa odzacheza omwe amabwera kuchokera ku mamailosi angapo ozungulira. Ndipo kodi khamu lodabwitsidwali silifunikira kusonyeza chiyamikiro kwa Mlengi, amene anaika nzeru imeneyi m’mbewu zimenezi ndi amene amatumiza mvula ya m’nyengo yachisanu imene imabweretsa maluŵa a m’chipululu?

Mu zonsezi, pali makhalidwe abwino kaamba ka ife. Pamene mbewu zimenezi za zinthu zochitika kamodzi pa chaka za m’chipululuzi zimera, pangakhale zikwi zingapo pa malo a mlingo wa ngodya zinayi zolingana. Izo sizimaphana wina ndi mnzake—ndipo palibe kachitidwe ka chisinthiko kopanda pake kakuti “kupulumuka kwa woyenerera”! Izo zimasintha. Imodzi ndi imodzi imakula mochepa, kusafuna zambiri, kugawana malo ndi madzi. M’malo amodzi a ang’ono, zomera 3,000 zinapezedwa, za mitundu 10 yosiyanasiyana. Imodzi ndi imodzi inali chifupifupi ndi duŵa limodzi ndipo inatulutsa chifupifupi mbewu imodzi. Ngati anthu ali ochenjera kwenikweni kuposa maluŵa, nchifukwa ninji mafuko osiyanasiyana samakhalira pamodzi ndi kugawana?

Zomera Zimene Zimasungilira Zosungitsa

Chotero pali cacti yosunga madzi imene imapulumuka nyengo yaitali youma ya chipululu mwa kusungitsa madzi m’masiku osakhala ndi mvula kwambiri. Zina zimagwiritsira ntchito zosungitsa zokhala pansi panthaka, pamene kuli kwakuti zina zimawasunga mu nthambi zolimba. Kwa nthambi zobiriwirazi kuti zigwirizanitse mpweya womwe timatulutsa ndi kupanga chakudya cha zomera, mbali zotseguka, kapena zibowo zopumira, zifunikira kusungidwa zotseguka. Komabe ichi chimaitanira ngozi, popeza kuti madzi amtengo wapatali amathawanso mu mkhalidwe wamadzi onga utsi. Kuthawako kumachepetsedwa mu njira yakuti zibowo zimakhala zotsekedwa mu nthaŵi ya kutentha kwa masana, ndi kungotseguka kokha mu nthaŵi yozizira ya usiku. Ndipo, mu cacti wa m’chipululu, zibowo zimamizidwa pansi pa mbali za nthambi mu kusinkhasinkha, kumene kachiŵirinso kumachepetsako kuthawa kwa madzi.

Mvula ya m’chipululu ya apa ndi apo simalowerera kaŵirikaŵiri pansi panthaka, chotero mizu ya cacti nthaŵi zambiri imakhala yosalowa kwambiri pansi ndipo imangofalikira pambali yaikulu kaamba ka kufuna kumwa madzi ambiri kumene kuli kothekera. Pamene zosungitsa zawo zamkati zadzazidwa, zomera zimatupa, ndipo pamene madzi agwiritsiridwa ntchito mkati mwa nthaŵi youma, izo zimafota. Mu zomera zambiri zoterozo, mayani amachepetsedwa kukhala olimba, chimenenso chimapitikitsa tizirombo timene timadza kudzadya kapena kumwa.

Chozizwitsa kwambiri cha mudzi umenewu wa chipululu chiri saguaro wamkulu. Iwo umafikira msinkhu wa zaka 200, kutalika kwa mapazi 50 (15 m), kulemera kwa matani 10, ndipo uli wodzala ndi madzi mu unyinji wa magawo anayi a magawo asanu. Ukulu wake umapereka mbali zotulutsa madzi zochepera ndipo uli wopangidwa monga chikodiyoni—kuulola iwo kufutukuka kapena kukhwinyata pamene madzi awonjezeredwa kapena kugwiritsiridwa ntchito. Mbali zokhotakhota zimenezi zimachepetsanso mbali zosalala zazikulu zomwe zimakhala zovumbulidwa mwachindunji ku kuwala kwa dzuŵa ndipo m’chenicheni kudzipangira mthunzi iwo wokha.

Potsirizira pake, mphatso yaulemerero imene macacti a m’chipululu amenewa amabweretsa ku malo awo ozungulira chaka chirichonse iri unyinji wa mtundu wa maluŵa okongola. Chotero monga mmene zimachitira zinthu zochita maluŵa kamodzi pa chaka ndi zochita maluŵa m’nyengo ya masika zina zimene zimasonyezedwa mu ulemerero ndi mvula yamphamvu ya m’nyengo yachisanu, chaka chirichonse zinthu zosunga madzi zopezeka pa nyengo zonse za chaka zimenezi zimathandizira ku kuchita maluŵa kwa m’chipululu monga mmene ziriri ndi rose.

[Zithunzi pamasamba 12, 13]

Zochita maluŵa kamodzi za golidi, malupines obiriwira, ndi saguaros wa mkulu mu Arizona

Cow’s tongue cactus

Cactus yosinthasintha

Cactus yowulungana

[Zithunzi patsamba 14]

(Kambalame kotchedwa) Cactus wren kali pa saguaro wochita maluŵa

Kuchita maluŵa, nthaŵi zambiri pa nsonga, kumadzaza saguaro uyu