Kodi Nkhalango Ziri ndi Mtsogolo?

PA CHISUMBU CHA EASTER mu South Pacific, mitu yaikulu yamiyala imawonekera pamwamba pa mphepete mwa zitunda zokhala ndi udzu, yomayang’ana panyanja. Anthu amene anaimanga anazimiririka zaka mazana apitawo. Kumadzulo kwa United States, mabwinja a nyumba zakale m’malo apawokha ndiwo zotsalira zokha za anthu amene anazimiririka kale kwambiri anthu oyera asanafikeko. Maiko ena a Baibulo kumene kutsungula ndi malonda zinali zotchuka tsopano ali zipululu zoseseka ndi mphepo. Kodi nchifukwa ninji?

M’zochitika zonse zitatu, mbali ya yankho ingakhale kulikha nkhalango. Akatswiri ena akulingalira kuti anthu anayenera kuchoka pa malowa chifukwa chakuti anasesa nkhalango kumeneko. Popanda mitengo, dzikolo linakhala losabala, chotero anthu anasamukira kwina. Koma lerolino munthu akuwopsyeza kuchita chimodzimodzi ku pulaneti lonse. Kodi adzatero? Kodi palibe chimene chingaletse chochitakacho?

Ambiri akuyesera. Mu Himalayas, zikusimbidwa kuti akazi amakupatira mitengo kuyesera kuletsa ocheka matabwa kuti asaigwetse. Mu Malaysia, fuko lokhala m’nkhalango lapanga unyolo wa anthu kuti atsekereze ocheka matambwa omabwera ndi makina awo aakulu.

Anthu mamiliyoni mazana aŵiri amene amadalira pa nkhalango zamvula mikhalidwe yawo yaumwini iri m’ngozi. Pamene kutsungula kukupita patsogolo, mafuko akumaloko amapita mkati mwenimweni mwa nkhalango, nthaŵi zina kufikira amakumana ndi atsamunda ochokera ku mbali ina. Mafuko ambiri akusesedwa ndi matenda a anthu akunjawo. Ena, pokakamizidwa kutengera dziko lakunja, amathera kukhala okhala m’tauni osauka—odanidwa ndipo osowa chochita. Koma dziko likuzindikira tsoka lawo. Mkhalidwe wa chiphunzitso cha malo otizinga ukukuta dziko lonse.

Kodi Akatswiri a Malo Otizinga Angapange Kusiyana?

“Ponse paŵiri chidziŵitso ndi luso la zopangapanga ziripo zoti m’kuchinjiriza nkhalango zakumalo otentha za dziko,” likuyamba motero bukhu lakuti Saving the Tropical Forests. Nsongayo yasonyezedwa m’mapaki pa dziko lonse. Guanacaste National Park mu Costa Rica inapangidwira kubzalanso mitundu yosiyana ya nkhalango. Mitengo yabzalidwa mamiliyoni mamiliyoni m’maiko onga ngati Kenya, India, Haiti, ndi China. Koma kubzala mitengo sikofanana ndi kubwezeretsa nkhalango.

Nthaŵi zina “kubzalanso nkhalango” kulidi kubzala kwamalonda kwa mtundu umodzi wa mtengo, umene udzakololedwa kutsogolo. Kumeneku sikuli kofanana konse ndi dongosolo locholoŵacholoŵana la kudalirana kwa nkhalango yamvula. Pambali pa zimenezo, ena amati nkhalango yamvula yakumalo otentha yachinyontho singabwezeretsedwe konse m’kucholoŵana kwake kwa poyamba. Nzosadabwitsa kuti akatswiri a malo otizinga ambiri akuumirira kuti kuchinjiriza m’kwabwinopo kuposa kubwezeretsa.

Koma kuchinjiriza sikuli kwapafupi monga mmene kukumvekera. Ngati munda wa nkhalango uli waung’ono kwambiri, sungapulumuke. Akatswiri ena a malo otizinga akulingalira kuti chifupifupi 10 kufika ku 20 peresenti ya nkhalango zamvula za dziko ziyenera kuikidwa pambali zosungidwa ngati ati asungebe chuma chawo chambiri. Koma panthaŵi ino, 3 peresenti yokha ya nkhalango zamvula za ku Africa n’zochinjirizidwa. Mu Southeast Asia chiŵerengerocho chiri 2 peresenti; mu South America, 1 peresenti.

Ndipo ena a malo ameneŵa ngwochinjirizidwa papepala pokha. Mapaki ndi malo osungidwa mwalamulo amalephereka ngati akonzekeredwa moipa kapena kusamaliridwa kapena pamene akuluakulu osamalira aika ndalama za mapaki m’matumba awo. Ena amapanga ndalama mwakupereka malamulo ocheka matabwa pa malowo. Anthu antchito ngochepanso. Mu Amazon, mlonda mmodzi anapatsidwa kuyang’anira malo a nkhalango yamvula a ukulu wa France.

Akatswiri a malo otizinga akufulumiza kuti alimi aphunzitsidwe mmene angalimire popanda kuchotsera nthaka chakudya kotero kuti asakakamizike kusamuka ndi kupita kukagwetsa nkhalango ina. Ena ayesera kubzala mitundumitundu ya zomera m’munda umodzi, kumene kumaletsa tizirombo timene timadya mtundu umodzi. Mitengo yazipatso ingachinjirize nthaka ku mvula ya kumalo otentha. Ena ayambitsanso luso lakale. Amakumba ngalande mozungulira mapoloti aang’ono a minda ndikutenga matope ndi ndere kuchokera m’ngalandemo kuika m’mapolotiwo monga manyowa a mbewuzo. Nsomba zingawetedwe m’ngalandemo monga magwero a chakudya owonjezereka. Njira zoterozo zakhala kale ndi chipambano chachikulu m’kuyesera.

Koma kuphunzitsa anthu “mmene” kumatenga nthaŵi ndi ndalama ndipo kumafunikira luso. Kaŵirikaŵiri mitundu ya kumalo otentha imakhala ndi mavuto ambiri a zachuma amwamsanga kuti m’kupanga njira yaitali yoteroyo. Komabe, ngakhale ngati luso linali lofalikira, silikanathetsa vutolo. Monga mmene Michael H. Robinson akulembera mu Saving the Tropical Forests: “Nkhalango zamvula zikuwonongedwa osati chifukwa cha kusadziŵa kapena kupusa koma kwakukulukulu chifukwa cha umphaŵi ndi dyera.”

Maziko a Vutolo

Umphaŵi ndi dyera. Zikuwoneka kuti vuto la kulinkha nkhalango lazika mizu yake pansi kwenikweni m’chitaganya cha anthu, mozamadi kuposa mmene mitengo ya nkhalango yamvula imazikira mizu yake m’nthaka yopyapyala ya kumalo otentha. Kodi munthu ali wokhoza kuthetsa vutolo?

Kukumana kwa mitundu 24 kochitidwira mu The Hague, Netherlands, chaka chathachi kunalingalira za kupangidwa kwa bungwe latsopano mkati mwa Mitundu Yogwirizana, lodzatchedwa Globe. Mogwirizana ndi Financial Times ya ku London, Globe idzakhala ndi “mphamvu zosayerekezeka kukhazikitsa ndi kulimbitsa miyezo ya malo otizinga.” Ngakhale kuti mitundu ikafunikira kuchepetsa ulamuliro wawo wautundu kotero kuti Globe ikakhaledi ndi mphamvu zenizeni, ena akuti nchosapeŵeka kuti tsiku lina gulu loterolo lidzakhalako. Kokha gulu logwirizana, la dziko lonse lingasamalire mavuto a dziko lonse.

Zimenezo zimafunikira kulingalira. Koma kodi ndi boma la anthu lotani kapena nthumwi zimene zingachotseretu dyera ndi umphaŵi? Kodi ndi boma liti limene linapangako zimenezo? Kaŵirikaŵiri amakhala ozikidwa pa dyera, chotero amakweza umphaŵi. Ayi, ngati titi tidikirire nthumwi ina yaumunthu kuthetsa vuto la kulikha nkhalango, pamenepo nkhalango zilibe mtsogolo; osatinso anthu.

Koma talingalirani izi. Kodi nkhalango sizimapereka umboni wakuti zinapangidwa ndi munthu wa luntha lalikulu? Inde, zimatero! Kuyambira ku mizu yake mpaka ku masamba, nkhalango zamvula zimalengeza kuti ziri ntchito yamanja ya Katswiri Waluso.

Pamenepa, kodi Waluso Wamkulu ameneyu adzalola munthu kuthetseratu nkhalango zamvula zonse ndi kuwononga dziko lathu lapansi? Ulosi wodziŵika wa Baibulo umayankha funso limeneli mwachindunji. Uwo umati: “Ndipo amitundu anakwiya, ndipo unadza mkwiyo wanu [wa Mulungu], ndi nthaŵi . . . kuwononga iwo akuwononga dziko.”—Chibvumbulutso 11:18.

Pali zinthu ziŵiri zosangalatsa mu ulosi umenewo. Choyamba, ukusonya ku nthaŵi pamene munthu adzakhaladi wokhoza kuwononga dziko lonse. Pamene mawu amenewo analembedwa chifupifupi zaka zikwi ziŵiri zapitazo, munthu sakanatha kuwononga dziko monga mmene sakanathera kuulukira ku mwezi. Koma lerolino iye amachita zonsezo. Chachiŵiri, ulosiwo ukuyankha funso lakuti kaya munthu adzawonongeratu dziko—ndi ayi womvekera!

Mulungu anapanga munthu kuti asamalire dziko lapansi ndi kulilima, osati kulilambula. Mu Israyeli wakale anaika malire pa kulikha nkhalango kumene anthu ake ankakupanga pamene ankagonjetsa Dziko Lolonjezedwa. (Deuteronomo 20:19, 20) Iye akulonjeza kuti mtsogolo moyandikiramu mtundu wonse wa anthu udzakhala mogwirizana ndi malo owazinga.—1 Yohane 2:17; Yeremiya 10:10-12.

Baibulo likupereka chiyembekezo, chiyembekezo cha nthaŵi pamene munthu adzalima dziko lapansi kukhala paradaiso m’malo molipanga kukhala chipululu, kulikonza m’malo moliipitsa, kulisamalira mowona patali m’malo moliwumitsa mwadyera chifukwa cha phindu la panthaŵiyo. Nkhalango ziri ndi mtsogolo. Dongosolo la zinthu loipali limene likuziwononga ndi dziko lapansi liribe mtsogolo.

[Chithunzi patsamba 28]

Kulikha nkhalango pano pa Chisumbu cha Easter kungakhale kunapangitsa anthu kuzimiririka

[Mawu a Chithunzi]

H. Armstrong Roberts