Mbali ya Chipembedzo m’Nkhondo za Anthu

“SIKUNAKHALEPO anthu ndi kalelonse amene anali opanda mtundu winawake wa chipembedzo,” imatero The World Book Encyclopedia (ya 1970). Komabe, olemba mbiri Will ndi Ariel Durant analemba kuti: “Nkhondo ndiyo chimodzi cha zinthu zachikhalire m’mbiri.” Kodi zinthu zachikhalire ziŵirizi, nkhondo ndi chipembedzo, nzogwirizana mwanjira inayake?

Ndithudi, m’mbiri yonse, nkhondo ndi chipembedzo zakhala zosalekana. Ponena za Igupto, umodzi wa maulamuliro adziko aakulu oyambirira, Lionel Casson anafotokoza m’buku lake la Ancient Egypt kuti: “Milunguyo inapatsidwa msonkho pachilakiko chilichonse cha nkhondo; ndipo pofuna kwambiri kupeza chuma chowonjezereka, ansembewo anakhumba kwambiri kukagonjetsa maiko ena, mofanana ndi afarao awo.”

Mofananamo, mtsogoleri wachipembedzo W. B. Wright anati ponena za Asuri, ulamuliro wadziko waukulu wina wakale: “Kumenya nkhondo kunali malonda a mtunduwo, ndipo ansembe anali oputa nkhondo osalekeza. Iwo anachilikizidwa kwakukulukulu ndi zofunkhidwa pachilakiko.”

Ponena za amene anawatcha “Ulaya wankhanza,” Gerald Simons analemba kuti: “Chitaganya chawo chinali chosatukuka, chogwirizana kotheratu pantchito imodzi, yakumenya nkhondo.” Ndipo chipembedzo chinaloŵetsedwamo. Nthanthi zakale zambiri zimanena za malupanga okhalidwa ndi ziŵanda zikuchita monga atumiki a milungu,” anatero Simons.

Komabe, mkhalidwewo mu Ufumu wa Roma, umene unawonedwa kukhala wotukuka kwambiri, unali wofanana. “Aroma analeredwa ndi maganizo ankhondo,” anafotokoza motero Moses Hadas m’buku lakuti Imperial Rome. Asilikali Achiroma ananyamula zizindikiro zokhala ndi zifanizo za milungu yawo popita kunkhondo. Buku lina lanazonse linati: “Sikunali kwachilendo kwa akazembe ankhondo kulamula kuti chizindikiro chiponyedwe pakati pa adani, kuwonjezera ukali wa asilikali ake mwakuwasonkhezera kulanda chizindikirocho chimene kwa iwo chinali mwinamwake chinthu chopatulika koposa padziko lapansi.”

Nkhondo ndi Akristu Odzinenera

Kubuka kwa Chikristu Chadziko pankhope ya dziko sikunasinthe zinthu. Kwenikwenidi, Anne Fremantle analemba m’buku lakuti Age of Faith kuti: “Pankhondo zonse zimene anthu amenya, palibe imene inamenyedwa mwachangu chachikulu kuposa zija zomenyera chikhulupiriro. Ndipo pakati pa ‘nkhondo zopatulika’ zimenezi, palibe imene inakhetsapo mwazi wochuluka ndi kupitiriza kwanthaŵi yaitali kuposa Nkhondo Zamtanda Zachikristu za m’Nyengo Zapakati.”

Modabwitsa, ngakhale lerolino palibe kusintha kwakukulu kumene kwachitika. “Kumenyana ndi kufera mbendera zachipembedzo kukupitirizabe mwachiwawa,” inasimba tero magazini ya Time. “Aprotestanti ndi Aroma Katolika mu Ulster amaphana ndi lingaliro la kuphana kosalekeza kosaphula kanthu. Aluya ndi Aisrayeli ali chire pamikangano ya malire adziko.” Ndiponso, kusagwirizana pa miyambo ndi chipembedzo kwakhala kochititsa kupha kowopsa mwa amene anali maboma a Yugoslavia, limodzinso ndi m’maiko a ku Asia.

Modabwitsa, Akristu odzinenera kaŵirikaŵiri amakamenyana ndi ziŵalo za chikhulupiriro chawo. Chotero, Akatolika amapha Akatolika pamabwalo ankhondo. Wolemba mbiri Wachikatolika E. I. Watkin anavomereza kuti: “Ngakhale kuti kuvomereza kumapweteka, sitingakane kapena kunyalanyaza chenicheni cha m’mbiri chakuti Abishopu akhala akuchilikiza nkhondo zonse mosalekeza zomenyedwa ndi boma la dziko lawo. Kunena zowona, sindinawonepo konse kuti akuluakulu achipembedzo atsutsa nkhondo iliyonse kukhala chisalungamo . . . Mulimonse mmene nthanthi yawo yaboma ingakhalire, m’zochitika zenizeni lingaliro lakuti ‘dziko langa silolakwa’ ndilo lakhala likutsatiridwa m’nthaŵi yankhondo ndi Abishopu Achikatolika.”

Komabe, limenelo silingaliro lotsatiridwa ndi Akatolika okha. Nkhani ya akonzi m’magazini ya Sun ya ku Vancouver, Canada, inati: “Aprotestanti sangakane mwanjira iliyonse kuti sanachititse magaŵano autundu ameneŵa. Chili chifooko cha mwinamwake chipembedzo chachikulu chilichonse chakuti tchalitchi chimatsatira mbendera . . . Kodi ndinkhondo iti inamenyedwa mwa imene mbali iliyonse siinanene kukhala ikuchilikizidwa ndi Mulungu?”

Nkodziŵikiratu kuti palibe ngakhale imodzi yomwe! Mtsogoleri wachipembedzo Wachiprotestanti Harry Emerson Fosdick anavomereza kuti: “Ngakhale m’matchalitchi athu taika mbendera zankhondo . . . Ndi mbali imodzi ya pakamwa pathu tatamanda Kalonga wa Mtendere ndipo ndi inayo talemekeza nkhondo.” Ndipo wolemba m’danga Mike Royko ananena kuti Akristu sanachitepo konse “kakasi ponena za kuthirana nkhondo ndi Akristu anzawo.” Iye anafotokoza kuti: “Ngati anatero, nkhondo zochuluka zosakaza za ku Ulaya sizikanachitika konse.” Yodziŵika kwambiri pazimenezi ndiyo Nkhondo ya Zaka Makumi Atatu m’Jeremani pakati pa Aprotestanti ndi Akatolika.

Ndithudi, zochitika zimapereka umboni wokwanira. Chipembedzo chakhala chochilikiza, ndipo panthaŵi zina, chochititsa nkhondo. Chifukwa chake, ambiri asinkhasinkha mafunso awa: Kodi Mulungu amayanjadi mtundu wina panthaŵi ya nkhondo motsutsana ndi winawo? Kodi iye amachilikiza mtundu uliwonse pamene mitundu imenyana? Kodi padzakhala konse nthaŵi pamene nkhondo kudzakhala kulibe?