“Mtengo wa Moyo” Wodabwitsa wa Afirika
YOLEMBEDWA NDI MTOLANKHANI WA GALAMUKANI! KU TANZANIA
“NDIKHULUPIRIRA kuti palibe amene anaonapo zimenezi kumbali ina ya dziko.” Kodi chimenecho chinali chiyani chimene Michel Adanson Wachifalansa anaona pamene anafika ku Senegal mu 1749? Chinali mtengo! Wa utali wa mamita 20, wokhala ndi thunthu lalikulu koposa la mamita 8 kupima modutsa pakati pake. Pambuyo pake David Livingstone anatcha mtengowo kukhala ngati “karoti wobzalidwa chadodolido.”
Pali nthano yakuti “mdyerekezi anazula [mtengowo] natembenuzira nthambi zake pansi, ndipo mizu yake naiyang’anitsa m’mwamba.” Motero, ambiri amadziŵa mtengowo monga “mtengo wadodolido.” M’Chilatini umatchedwa kuti Adansonia digitata, wopatsidwa dzina la woutulukira wake, koma ochulukafe timautcha kuti mulambe, umodzi wa mitengo yodziŵika kwambiri kummaŵa kwa Afirika, ngakhale kuti pali inzake yaitali imene imapezeka ku Madagascar ndipo ina ngakhale ku Australia.
Mtengo Wadodolido
Tinali titathera maola ambiri tikuyenda ndi galimoto m’dera lina la kumidzi ya ku Tanzania. Kunali kokondweretsa kuona timidzi tokongola, nyumba zofoleredwa ndi udzu, akazi onyamula mitolo yankhuni pamitu, ana oseŵera pansi pa mitengo ya mango, ndi abusa ena oŵeta ng’ombe zawo. Potsirizira pake tinaona chimene Adanson anaona kalelo m’zaka za zana la 18.
“Iyo apo!” ananena motero Margit. Mulambe, waukulukulu ndi waulemerero, umapezeka cha apa ndi apo m’madera opanda madzi a Afirika wotentha. Umakhala m’madera athyathyathya a udzu, m’mbali mwa gombe, ndipo ngakhale m’zigwa za Mount Kilimanjaro. “Sumafanana ndi mtengo uliwonse umene ndaonapo,” mmodzi wa mabwenzi athu akuwonjezera motero. Wotuŵirira ndiponso waukulu, mulambe ndiwo chomera chokhala ndi khungwa lochindikala masentimita asanu kufikira ku khumi. “Umaonekadi ngati mtengo wobzalidwa chadodolido!” Mbali yaikulu ya chaka, mkati mwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kufikira ku isanu ndi iŵiri ya m’chilimwe, mtengowo umakhala ulibiretu masamba. Kodi mtengowo umakhalabe bwanji wamoyo? Lekani tifunse wina wake amene angadziŵe zimenezi.
Titaloŵa m’dziko la mulambe, tikulankhula ndi Shem, nzika ya m’dzikolo. “Mwaona nanga,” akutero mwamunayo, “mtengowu uli ngati botolo.” Mtengo wonga botolo? “Inde, m’nyengo yaifupi ya mvula, mphota zake zonga siponji za mtengowu zimatsopa madzi ochuluka, amene amasungidwa m’thunthu lake kaamba ka chilimwe.” Buku lakuti Baobab—Adansonia Digitata limati: “Kaŵirikaŵiri pansonga pa thunthulo pamakhala mphako, madzi a mvula ndi mame amaloŵa pamenepa ndipo iwo angakhale madzi okha amene angapezeke padera lozungulirapo mamailo ambiri. . . . Thunthulo lili ndi madzi ambiri. Kukuyerekezeredwa kuti mtengo wa pafupifupi makyubiki mita 200 [makyubiki fiti 7,000] umakhala ndi malita ofikira 140,000 [magaloni 37,000] a madzi. . . . Mipwamphwa yaikulu ya thunthulo ingatemedwenso ndi kupsinyamo madzi akumwa.” Shem akunena moseka kuti: “Ndi mtengo waukulu, koma mtima wake ngwofeŵa.” Pofika tsopano anthu a m’midzi ambiri afika ndipo akumvetsera mwachidwi pa kukambitsirana kwathu. “Kodi mumadziŵa kuti mulambe ndi mtengo wa moyo?” akufunsa motero Emmanuel.
“Mtengo wa Moyo”
Kwa nzika zambiri mtengowo uli mphatso yochokera kwa Mulungu. Chifukwa ninji? “Choyamba umakhalako nthaŵi yaitali. Mwinamwake zaka chikwi kapena kuposa pamenepo,” mwamuna wina akupitiriza motero. “Umatipatsa chakudya, madzi, zovala, mirimo ya padenga, gluu, mankhwala, mthunzi, zovala m’khosi, ndipo ngakhale maswiti a ana.” Bwanji nanga za nkhuni? “Ayi, khungwalo lili ndi madzi ambiri. Kaŵirikaŵiri timakafunafuna zimenezo m’mitengo ina.” Daniel akuti: “Koma timagwiritsira ntchito khungwalo kupangira zingwe zazing’ono ndi zazikulu.” Ndiponso, limagwiritsiridwa ntchito kupangira ukonde, mikeka, nsalu, zisoti, mabwato, nsengwa, mabokosi, mabasiketi ndi mapepala. Phulusa la khungwalo lingagwiritsiridwe ntchito monga feteleza, ndipo ambiri amapangira sopo. “Mphukira zake ndi masamba zimadyedwa,” nakubala wina wachichepere akuwonjezera motero, atabereka mwana kumsana. “Timaotchanso nthanga zake ndi kuzipanga khofi. Ufa wa nthanga zake timaphikira moŵa, ndipo mafuta ake angapsinyidwemonso.”
Mkati mwa nyengo yaifupi ya mvula, mtengowo umaphuka maluŵa oyera okongola. Koma samanukhira bwino monga momwe amaonekera! Amayamba kutseguka cha kumadzulo kufikira dzuŵa litaloŵa ndipo amakhala otseguka kwambiri mmaŵa wotsatira. Motero, mkati mwa usiku, mileme imaloledwa kubweretsa ufa wa m’maluŵa. Nzikazo zimasakaniza ufa wa m’maluŵawo ndi madzi ndi kuzigwiritsira ntchito monga gluu. Zibalobalo zake zazitali (masentimita 40) zimalenjekeka pamitibiri. Tikugwira chibalobalo china chobiriŵira, ndipo chikumveka ngati choliphithika. Chimaoneka ngati mchira wa pusi. “Ehe, nchifukwa chake mtengowu umatchedwanso kuti mtengo wa chakudya cha pusi!” Kodi tithyole chibalobalochi ndi kuona mkati mwake? Nkulekeranji!
“Mtengo wa Cream-of-Tartar”
Chibalobalocho chili ndi ufa woyera wowawasa wokuta nthanga zake, wokhala ndi vitameni C, vitameni B1 yambiri, ndi calcium. Pophika makeke, ufawo ungagwiritsidwe ntchito kukhala ngati cream of tartar. Chimenecho nchifukwa chakenso ena amautcha kuti mtengo wa cream-of-tartar. Shem akuti: “Nthaŵi zina timapanga zakumwa ndi ufawu. Zimamveka mkamwa ngati mandimu.” Nchifukwa chake anthu ena amautcha kuti mtengo wa mandimu. Kodi umagwiritsidwanso ntchito pa chiyani?
Shem akuyankha: “Timagwiritsira ntchito pafupifupi mbali zonse za mtengowu. Chikhokhombe cha malambe timachigwiritsira ntchito monga kafumphe woŵedzera nsomba, chikho cha madzi cha pa chitsime, ndi mbale ya ndiwo, ndipo timachigwiritsiranso ntchito kupangira msampha wabwino wa makoswe. Pamene ng’ombe zathu zivutika ndi tizilombo toluma, timangotentha ufa wa malambe, ndipo utsi wake umathamangitsa tizilomboto. Nthaŵi zina timasanganiza ufa wa malambe ndi mkaka ndi kupanga yogurt yabwino kwambiri.” Bwanji nanga za mankhwala? “Zoonadi, mtengowo ndi nkhokwe yathu ya mankhwala,” Shem akuseka.
Nkhokwe ya Mankhwala ya Mulambe
Kodi mumawagwiritsira ntchito pa chiyani? “Pa zonse!” Chifukwa cha ntchito yake yochuluka, mposadabwitsa kuti anthu ambiri akumaloko amalemekeza mtengowo, kuuwopa, inde, ngakhale kuulambira kumene. Tikutulukira kuti anakubala olera ana amasanganiza ufa wa malambe ndi mkaka ndi kuupereka kwa makanda awo kuti atetezere anawo pa kukhala ndi mimba zazikulu, kamwazi, ndi malungo. “Mankhwala” a mu mtengowo amagulitsidwa pamisika yakumaloko ndipo amati amachiritsa zotupatupa, kupweteka kwa dzino, ndi matenda ena. Kumaloko amagwiritsiridwa ntchito kuchiritsira kutha kwa mwazi m’thupi, kutseguka m’mimba, fuluwenza, mphumu, matenda a tangani, mavuto a kapumidwe, ndipo ngakhale mafundo.
Pali nthanthi ndi nthano zambiri ponena za mtengo wapadera umenewu. Ena amalingalira kuti “munda umene [mulambe] unameramo suyenera kugulitsidwa, popeza kuti anthu amakhulupirira kuti kukhalapo kwake ndi mwaŵi waukulu. . . . Nthano ina imati Mkango ungalikwire aliyense amene angafulumire kuthyola duŵa la mu mtengowo. Anthu amakhulupirira kuti maluŵa ameneŵa ali ndi mizimu. Kukunenedwanso kuti madzi amene nthanga zake zanyikidwamo ndi kutakasidwa amachita ngati chotetezera munthu ku ng’ona ndi kuti munthu amene amamwa madzi ake a m’khungwa amakhala wanyonga.”—Baobab—Adansonia Digitata.
Maswiti a Ana
Taphunzira zinthu zambiri zatsopano kuchokera kwa nzika zokhala m’dziko la mulambe. Tsopano, ku Dar es Salaam, tikuona Navina, Suma, ndi Kevin. Taganizirani zimene akutafuna ndi kukulumunya? Nthanga za malambe! Nthanga zofiirazo zimagulitsidwa monga maswiti m’mbali mwa msewu, ndipo kukuonekera kuti ana ameneŵa amawakonda. “Kodi ngowawasa?” “Pang’ono, koma timawakonda!” anawo akutero mogwirizana. “Chonde tatengani mudyeko! Laŵani!” Inde, bwanji osalaŵa kanthu kena ka mu “mtengo wa moyo” wa Afirika?
[Chithunzi patsamba 28]
Mulambe, mtengo wogwiritsiridwa ntchito pa zambiri
[Chithunzi patsamba 28]
Nthanga, zogwiritsidwa ntchito monga maswiti ndi kuwotchedwa kukhala khofi
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Maluŵa ake ngaakulu
[Chithunzi patsamba 29]
Wopanda masamba m’chilimwe