Pulaneti Lathu Lokhala Pangozi—Bwanji za Mtsogolo?

ZAKA mazana aŵiri zapitazo, katswiri wazandale wolemekezeka wachimereka Patrick Henry anati: “Sindikudziŵa njira ina iliyonse yodziŵira za mtsogolo kusiyapo kupenda zakumbuyo.” Kumbuyoku, munthu wasakaza malo okhala. Kodi adzayamba kuchita bwino mtsogolo? Pakali pano, maumboni saali olimbikitsa.

Ngakhale kuti pakhala kuwongokera ndithu, zimene zachitika zangokhala zazing’ono, kungothetsa zizindikiro m’malo mwa zochititsa. Ngati nyumba ili ndi matabwa odyewa ndi chiswe, kupaka utoto matabwawo sikungailetse kugwa. Zimene zingaipulumutse ndi kukonzeratu zonse basi. Mofanana ndi zimenezo, pafunikira kusinthiratu njira imene munthu akugwiritsira ntchito pulaneti lino. Kungokonza mowonongeka sikudzathandiza ayi.

Atapenda zotulukapo za kuyesa kutetezera malo okhala pazaka 20 zapitazo ku United States, katswiri wina akunena kuti “kuwononga malo okhala sikungathetsedwe kotheratu, koma kungapeŵedwe.” Mwachionekere, kuletsa kuipitsa kuli bwino kwambiri kuposa kuthetsa zotulukapo zake zoipa. Koma kuti chonulirapo chimenecho chikwaniritsike, anthu afunika kusintha kwambiri ndiponso amalonda aakulu afunikanso kusinthiratu zolinga zawo. Buku lakuti Caring for the Earth likuvomereza kuti kusamalira dziko lapansi kumafuna “makhalidwe, mkhalidwe wazachuma ndi zitaganya zosiyana kwambiri ndi zochuluka zimene zilipo lerolino.” Kodi ena a makhalidwe ameneŵa amene afunika kusintha kuti tipulumutse pulaneti lathu ngotani?

Zochititsa Tsokalo Zolimba Kwambiri

Kudzikonda. Kuika pulaneti patsogolo pa zinthu zimene anthu oligwiritsira ntchito amakonda ndiyo njira yoyenera yoyamba yotetezera malo okhala. Komabe, ndi oŵerengeka okha amene ali okonzekera kudzimana moyo wokhupuka, ngakhale kuti uwo ungaziwonongera mibadwo yamtsogolo pulaneti limeneli. Pamene boma la Netherlands—limodzi la maiko oipitsidwa koposa ku Western Europe—linayesa kuchepetsa maulendo a galimoto monga njira yoletsera kuipitsa, anthu ambiri otsutsa analepheretsa cholinga chimenecho. Ngakhale kuti misewu ya Netherlands ndiyo imadzala koposa padziko lonse, oyendetsa galimoto sanafune konse kutaya ufulu wawo.

Kudzikonda kumakhudzanso opanga zosankha ndi anthu onse. Andale amazengereza kugwiritsira ntchito njira zotetezera malo okhala zimene zingawaluzitse mavoti, ndipo eni maindasitale amakana njira zilizonse zimene zingawalepheretse kupindula ndi kulepheretsa chitukuko cha chuma.

Umbombo. Pamene pafunikira chosankha pakati pa phindu ndi kutetezera malo, nthaŵi zambiri ndalama zimapambana. Maindasitale amphamvu amayesayesa kuchepetsa ziletso za kuipitsa kapena amayesayesa kupeŵeratu malamulo a boma. Vuto limeneli likusonyezedwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa muyalo wa ozoni. Osati kale kwambiri mu March 1988, tcheyamani wa kampani yaikulu ya mankhwala ku United States anati: “Pakali pano, umboni wa sayansi sumasonyeza kuti pafunika kuchepetsa kwambiri CFC wotulutsidwa.”

Komabe, kampani imodzimodziyo inalimbikitsa kulekeratu kugwiritsira ntchito ma chlorofluorocarbon (CFCs). Kodi anasintha maganizo? “Nkhani sinali yakuti kaya malo okhala anali kuwonongedwa kapena ayi,” anafotokoza motero Mostafa Tolba, mkulu wa United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). “Inali nkhani [yokhudza] amene adzapambana mnzake [pazachuma].” Tsopano asayansi ambiri akudziŵa kuti kuwonongeka kwa muyalo wa ozoni ndiko lina la masoka oipitsitsa m’mbiri ochitidwa ndi munthu pa malo okhala.

Umbuli. Zimene tidziŵa nzazing’ono kwambiri poziyerekezera ndi zimene sitidziŵa. “Zamoyo zimene tikudziŵa pakali pano za m’nkhalango zamvula zakumadera otentha nzochepa kwambiri,” akufotokoza motero Peter H. Raven, mkulu wa Missouri Botanical Garden. “Chodabwitsa nchakuti tikudziŵa zambiri—inde, zoposatu—ponena za mwezi.” Ndi mmenenso zakhalira ndi mpweya. Kodi ndi carbon dioxide wochuluka motani amene tingapitirize kupopera m’mlengalenga popanda kusintha mkhalidwe wakunja wa dziko lapansi? Palibe amene adziŵa. Koma malinga ndi kunena kwa magazini a Time, “ndiwo ukandifere kuyesa kuchita zimenezo pa chilengedwe pamene simukudziŵa zotulukapo zake ndi pamene zotsatirapo zimene zingakhalepo zili zowopsa kuziganizira.”

Malinga ndi kuyerekezera kwa UNEP, nkotheka kuti kutha kwa muyalo wa ozoni pofika kumapeto kwa zaka khumizi potsirizira pake kudzachititsa anthu ena zikwi mazana ambiri kudwala kansa yakhungu chaka ndi chaka. Pakali pano sakudziŵa mmene iko kudzakhudzira mbewu ndi ntchito yosodza nsomba, koma akuyembekezera kuti padzakhala zotulukapo zowopsa.

Malingaliro osaona patali. Mosiyana ndi masoka ena, mavuto a malo okhala amatifika mobisika. Zimenezi zimalepheretsa kuyesayesa kwathu kuchitapo kanthu mogwirizana pamene zinthu zikalibe kuwonongeka mosakonzeka. Buku lakuti Saving the Planet limayerekezera mkhalidwe wathu wamakono ndi uja wa aulendo ochita tsoka amene anali mu chombo cha Titanic chomka kukuswekacho mu 1912: “Ambiri sakudziŵa kukula kwake kwa ngozi yomwe ingachitike.” Alembi ake akukhulupirira kuti pulaneti lathu lingapulumuke kokha ngati andale ndi amalonda akuchita zinthu malinga ndi mmene mkhalidwe ulili ndi kuganiza za njira zachikhalire zothetsera mavutowo m’malo mwa mapindu akanthaŵi.

Mzimu wodzikonda. Pamsonkhano wa Earth Summit mu 1992, nduna yaikulu ya Spain, Felipe González ananena kuti “vutolo nlapadziko lonse, ndipo njira yolithetsera iyenera kukhala yapadziko lonse.” Zimenezo nzoona, koma kupeza njira zolithetsera zovomerezedwa ndi maiko onse ndi ntchito yovuta. Nthumwi ya United States kumsonkhano wa Earth Summit inati mosabisa: “Aamereka sadzasintha moyo wawo.” Komabe, katswiri wa zamalo okhala wa ku India, Maneka Gandhi anadandaula kuti “mwana mmodzi Kumadzulo amadya zimene okwana 125 angadye Kummaŵa.” Iye anati “pafupifupi kuwonongeka konse kwa malo okhala Kummaŵa kuli chifukwa cha kudya kwa Kumadzulo.” Nthaŵi zambiri, kuyesayesa kwa maiko kukonza malo okhala kwalephera chifukwa cha kudzikonda kwa maikowo.

Ngakhale kuti pali mavuto aakulu onsewa, palinso zifukwa zoyang’anira kutsogolo ndi chidaliro. Chimodzi cha izo ndicho njira yolimba yodzitetezera imene pulaneti lathu lili nayo.

Kuchira kwa Dziko Lapansi

Mofanana ndi thupi la munthu, dziko lapansi lili ndi mphamvu zodabwitsa za kudzichiritsa lokha. Chitsanzo chodabwitsa cha zimenezi chinachitika zaka zana limodzi zapitazo. Mu 1883 chisumbu chavolokano chotchedwa Krakatau (Krakatoa) cha ku Indonesia chinaphulika kwakuti kulira kwake kwakukulu kunamveka pamtunda wa makilomita pafupifupi 5,000. Matope ndi phulusa zokwana pafupifupi ma cubic kilomita 21 zinaponyedwa m’mlengalenga, ndipo ziŵiri mwa zigawo zitatu za chisumbucho zinamira m’nyanja. Patapita miyezi isanu ndi inayi, kangaude wamng’ono kwambiri ndiye anali umboni wokha wakuti panali chamoyo. Lerolino chisumbu chonsecho nchoŵirira ndi zomera zokondwa za m’madera otentha, zimene zimasunga mitundu mazana ambiri a mbalame, zinyama, njoka, ndi tizilombo. Mosakayikira chimene chathandizira kuchira kumeneku ndi chitetezo chimene chisumbucho chili nacho pokhala mbali ya Ujung Kulon National Park.

Zimenenso anthu awononga zingakonzedwe. Litapatsidwa nthaŵi, dziko lapansi lingadzichiritse lokha. Funso nlakuti, Kodi anthu adzalipatsa dziko lapansi mpumulo umene likufuna? Mwachionekere ayi. Koma pali Wina amene ali wotsimikiza kulola pulaneti lathu kudzichiritsa lokha—Iye amene analilenga.

“Lisekerere Dziko Lapansi”

Mulungu sanafune kuti munthu awononge dziko lapansi. Iye anauza Adamu ‘kulima ndi kuyang’anira’ munda wa Edene. (Genesis 2:15) Chifuno cha Yehova cha kutetezera malo okhala chinasonyezedwanso ndi malamulo ambiri amene anapatsa Aisrayeli. Mwachitsanzo, anawauza kuleka munda ugone kamodzi pazaka zisanu ndi ziŵiri zilizonse—chaka cha Sabata. (Eksodo 23:10, 11) Pamene Aisrayeli nthaŵi ndi nthaŵi ananyalanyaza lamulo limeneli ndi malamulo ena onse aumulungu, Yehova potsirizira pake analola Ababulo kuchotsa anthu m’dzikolo, limene pambuyo pake linakhala lapululu zaka 70 “mpaka dziko linakondwera nawo masabata ake.” (2 Mbiri 36:21) Chifukwa cha chochitika cha m’mbiri chimenechi, si zodabwitsa kuti Baibulo limati Mulungu ‘adzawononga iwo akuwononga dziko’ kuti dziko lapansi likachire pa kuwononga kumene munthu wachita pamalo ake okhala.—Chivumbulutso 11:18.

Komabe, ntchito imeneyo idzangokhala chiyambi chabe. Malinga ndi kunena kolondola kwa Barry Commoner, katswiri wa biology, kupitiriza kukhalako kwa pulaneti lathu “kumadalira ponse paŵiri pa kuleka kuchita nkhondo ndi chilengedwe ndi pa kuleka nkhondo pakati pathu.” Kuti afikire chonulirapo chimenecho, anthu padziko lapansi ayenera ‘kuphunzitsidwa ndi Yehova’ kuti azisamalirana ndi kusamalira mudzi wawo wa dziko lapansi. Chotero, mtendere wawo udzakhala “waukulu.”—Yesaya 54:13.

Mulungu akutilonjeza kuti chilengedwe cha dziko lapansi chidzakonzedwanso. M’malo mwa kumafutukuka kosaleka, zipululu ‘zidzaphuka ngati duŵa.’ (Yesaya 35:1) M’malo mwa kupereŵera kwa chakudya, padzakhala ‘dzinthu dzochuluka m’dzikomo.’ (Salmo 72:16) M’malo mwa kufa chifukwa cha kuipitsa, mitsinje ya dziko lapansi ‘idzaomba manja.’—Salmo 98:8.

Kodi kusintha kotereku kudzachitika liti? Pamene “Yehova achita ufumu.” (Salmo 96:10) Ulamuliro wa Mulungu udzapereka dalitso kwa chamoyo chilichonse padziko lapansi. “Lisekerere dziko lapansi,” akutero wamasalmo. “Nyanja ibume mwa kudzala kwake: munda ukondwerere ndi zonse zili m’mwemo; pamenepo mitengo yonse ya kunkhalango idzafuula mokondwera.”—Salmo 96:11, 12.

Dziko lapansi lodalitsidwa ndi Mlengi wake ndi lolamuliridwa m’chilungamo lili ndi mtsogolo mwabwino kwambiri. Baibulo limafotokoza zotulukapo zake kuti: “Chilungamo ndi mtendere zapsompsonana. Choonadi chiphukira m’dziko; ndi chilungamo chasuzumira chili m’mwamba. Inde Yehova adzapereka zokoma; ndipo dziko lathu lidzapereka zipatso zake.” (Salmo 85:10-12) Tsiku limenelo litafika, pulaneti lathu silidzakhalanso pangozi kosatha.

[Chithunzi patsamba 13]

Mofanana ndi thupi la munthu, dziko lapansi lili ndi mphamvu zodabwitsa za kudzichiritsa lokha