Zinsinsi za Tulo ta Nyama

YOLEMBEDWA NDI MTOLANKHANI WA GALAMUKANI! KU KENYA

TULO—ife timataya chigawo ngati chimodzi mwa zitatu za moyo wathu tili mtulo. M’malo mwakuti kugona kukhale kutaya nthaŵi, kumakwaniritsa zosoŵa za thupi ndi za maganizo. Chifukwa chake tingati tulo ndi mphatso yochokera kwa Mulungu.—Yerekezerani ndi Salmo 127:2.

Nzosadabwitsa kuti tulo tilinso ndi ntchito yake kwa nyama. Inde, mitundu ina yambiri imagona mwanjira zochititsa chidwi, nthaŵi zina zosangalatsa, ndipo nthaŵi zambiri zachilendo. Tiyeni tipende zitsanzo zingapo.

Akatswiri Pogona Tulo

Aliyense amene anaonapo mkango utagona chagada mapazi ali mmwamba dzuŵa litawomba koswa mtengo masana mu Afirika angaganize kuti mphaka woopsa ameneyu ngwosavuta kuŵeta ngati chona wa panyumba. Komabe, maonekedwe amangonyenga. Wolemba wa m’zaka za zana la 17 Thomas Campion analemba kuti: “Angayese ndani kuputa mkango uli gone?” Inde, ngakhale mkango wamphamvuwo umafunika kugona—maola pafupifupi 20 patsiku—kuti uzipitiriza ndi moyo wake wogwira nyama zinzake.

Talingaliraninso tuatara, nyama yaulesi yonga buluzi, yopezeka ku New Zealand. Imatha pafupifupi theka la chaka ili mtulo kupuma. Eetu, tuatara ngwaulesi kwambiri koti amagona ngakhale pamene akutafuna chakudya! Koma zikuoneka kuti tulo tonseto timaithandiza kwambiri nyamayo, pakuti asayansi amatero kuti a tuatara ena amakhala zaka pafupifupi 100!

Mofanana ndi munthu waulesi, zolengedwa zina zimagonanso nthaŵi yaitali. Ndi mmene zambiri zimapulumukira nyengo yozizira yachisanu. Pokonzekera zimenezo, nyama imakundika mafuta ambiri m’thupi amene amaichirikiza pamene ili mtulo kwa nyengo yaitali. Nanga chimene chimaletsa nyama ili mtuloyo kuzizidwa mpaka kufa nchiyani? Malinga ndi buku lakuti Inside the Animal World, ubongo umasintha mankhwala ena ake m’mwazi wa nyamayo, ndi kupanga mankhwala achilengedwe oletsa kuzizidwa. Pamene temperecha m’thupi la nyamayo itsika kutsala pang’ono kufika poti nkuuma, mtima wake umayamba kugunda pang’onopang’ono kusiyana ndi mmene umachitira; imayambanso kupuma pang’onopang’ono. Basi pompo imagona tulo tofa nato, ndipo ingagone milungu yambiri.

Kugona ‘Zikuuluka’?

Nyama zina zimagona mwanjira yachilendo kwambiri. Talingalirani mbalame yakunyanja yotchedwa sooty tern. Mwana wa sooty tern atachoka pachisa, amapita kunyanja ndipo amakhala chiulukire zaka zingapo! Popeza alibe nthenga zosaloŵa madzi ndipo miyendo yake siili ngati ya bakha monga ma tern ena amene amatera pamadzi, sooty tern simafuna kuloŵa pamadzi. Imasaka mwa kugwira tinsomba ting’onoting’ono pamwamba pa madzi.

Koma kodi imagona liti? Buku lakuti Water, Prey, and Game Birds of North America limati: “Sizitheka kuti zimagona panyanja popeza nthenga zake zimavumbwa. Asayansi ena amalingalira kuti mbalame zimenezi mwina zimagona zikuuluka.”

Kugona m’Madzi

Kodi nsomba zimagona? Malinga ndi The World Book Encyclopedia, mwa nyama za fupa lamsana “ndi kokha nyama zokwawa, mbalame, ndi nyama zoyamwitsa zimene zimagonadi, chifukwa cha kusintha kwina mu ubongo.” Ngakhale zili choncho, nsomba zimakhaladi ndi nyengo yopuma yofanana ndi kugona—ngakhale kuti zambiri sizimatseka maso.

Nsomba zina zimagona chimbali; zina, chagada kapena chachiriri. Nsomba zina zamtundu wa flatfish, monga flounder, zimakhala pansi pa nyanja ngati zili maso. Zitagona, zimayandama masentimita angapo kuchoka pansi.

Nsomba yokongola ya parrot fish imatsata mwambo wapadera nthaŵi yogona: Imavala “malaya ausiku.” Nthaŵi yake yopuma itayandikira, imatulutsa madzi onga mamina, kapena ndere, amene amaphimbiratu thupi lake. Ntchito yake? “Mwina kuti adani ake [asaione],” anatero wolemba zachilengedwe Doug Stewart. Imavula chovala chake chandere itadzuka.

Momwemonso, nyama zonga akatumbu zotchedwa ma seal zimatsatanso mwambo wosangalatsa panthaŵi yogona. Zimafufumitsa pammero pawo kukhala ngati chibaluni, kupanga ngati chovala choyandamitsa. Zitayandama choncho, zimagona chachiriri m’madzi mphuno zawo zikuonekera pamwamba pa madzi kuti zizipuma bwino.

Diso Limodzi Lili Chitsegukire

Inde, nyama imene imagona m’thengo imakhala pangozi kwa adani ake. Choncho nyama zambiri zimagona diso limodzi lili chitsegukire, tingatero. Maubongo awo amakhala atcheru kwambiri zili mtulo, zimene zimalola kuti izo zigalamuke zitangomva mawu alionse angozi. Koma nyama zina zimapulumuka mwa kugalamuka nthaŵi ndi nthaŵi kuona ngati zinthu zili bwino kunja. Mwachitsanzo, mbalame zomwe zili mtulo pakhamu lawo nthaŵi ndi nthaŵi zimatsegula diso ndi kuyang’ana mochenjera kuona ngati kungakhale zangozi.

Nswala kapena mbidzi mu Afirika nazonso zimayembekezerana panyengo yopuma. Nthaŵi zina zonse pamsambipo zimagona pansi zitakweza mitu yawo kukhala tcheru kumeneko. Nthaŵi ndi nthaŵi, nyama imodzi imagona chafufumimba moliphitika, kugona tulo tofa natotu. Patapita mphindi zingapo, inanso imagona kusinthana.

Mofananamo, njovu zimagona msambi wonse. Komabe, zazikulu zimakhalabe chiriri ndipo zimagona pang’ono, zikumatsegula maso awo nthaŵi ndi nthaŵi, kutukula ndi kufunyulula makutu awo aakuluwo kuti zimve mawu alionse angozi. Pansi pa alonda aakulu ameneŵa, ana amakhala ndi ufulu wogona khwala chafufumimba kugona tulo tofa nato. M’buku lake lakuti Elephant Memories, mlembi Cynthia Moss akukumbukira kuti anaona njovu zonse pamsambi zikugona tulo: “Choyamba ana, ndiyeno zazikulu, pomaliza zazikazi zazikulu zonse zinagona tulo. Poŵala mwezi zinaoneka ngati miyala yaikulu yotuŵa, koma kuliza kwawo mikonono yaikulu zili phe kunavumbula kuti pali zamoyo.”

Tidakali nzambiri zoti tiphunzire ponena za magonedwe a nyama. Koma mutapenda zoŵerengeka zokha zomwe tikudziŵa, kodi simukukakamizika kulingalira za nzeru yoopsa ya Iye amene ‘adalenga zonse’?—Chivumbulutso 4:11.