Kodi Tiyenera Kukumbukira Zakale?

“KODI Ayuda angaiŵale Nyengo Yakupululutsa?” Yemwe anafunsa funso limenelo anali Virgil Elizondo, wa bungwe la Mexican American Cultural Center ku San Antonio, Texas. Limatikumbutsa kuti nkhanza zimene anthu aona m’zaka za zana lino zingakhalebe zosaiŵalika m’maganizo mwa anthu ambiri. Kupululutsa mtundu wa a Armenia (1915-23) ndi kupha anthu a ku Cambodia mu unyinji wawo (1975-79) kuyenera kuphatikizidwa pa nkhanza za m’zaka za zana la 20 zino. Komabe, mpambo wa nkhanzazo suunathere pompo.

Magulu achipembedzo ndi andale, pofuna kuyanjanitsa anthu ochitidwa nkhanza ndi ozunza anzawowo, nthaŵi zina amapempha anthuwo kuti aiŵale nkhanza zimene anachitidwa. Mwachitsanzo, zoterozo zinachitikapo ku Athens, Greece, mu 403 B.C.E. Mzindawo unali utangoona kumene kutha kwa ulamuliro wankhanza wa Mafumu Makumi Atatu Ankhalwe, kaboma kankhanza kamene kanachotseratu pafupifupi adani ake onse. Olamulira atsopano anayesayesa kubwezeretsera anthu mtendere mwa kuwauza kuti akhululukire (liwu lachigiriki lotanthauza “kuiŵala”) onse amene ankachirikiza boma lakale lankhanza.

Kuiŵala mwa Kulamulidwa?

Kungakhale kosavuta kwenikweni kuyesa kulamula anthu kuiŵala nkhanza zimene anthu osachimwa anachitidwa. Olamulira angasankhe kutero kuti ayanjidwe ndi anthu, monga momwe zinachitikira ku Greece wakale ndiponso m’maiko osiyanasiyana a ku Ulaya, Nkhondo Yadziko II itatha. Mwachitsanzo, mu 1946, nyuzipepala yotchedwa La Repubblica, inati ku Italy, analamula kumasula anthu oposa 200,000 “omwe anali ndi mlandu wochita mwachindunji kapena mongochirikiza nkhanza ya boma lankhalwe.”

Komabe, zimene maboma kapena mabungwe a ntchito zothandiza anthu amasankha kuchita, nchinthu china. Zimene munthu aliyense amaganiza, nchinanso. Mwa kungolamula, nkosatheka kusonkhezera anthu—kaya osakhoza kudzitchinjiriza pa chiŵaŵa chankhanza, ongophedwa ngundangunda, kapena ochitidwa nkhanza zina—kuti aiŵale mavuto awo akale.

Anthu oposa mamiliyoni zana limodzi anafa pankhondo za m’zaka za zana lino zokha, ambiri mwa iwo atavutika kwambiri. Titati tiŵerengerenso amene anaphedwa panthaŵi yamtendere, pamene kulibe nkhondo, nkhanza zake zingakhale zosaŵerengeka. Anthu ambiri amayesetsa ndithu kuonetsetsa kuti zonsezi zisaiŵalike.

Awo Amene Angakonde Kungoiŵala

Amene amasonkhezera anthu omwe anachitidwapo nkhanza kapena zidzukulu zawo kuti aiŵale, amatero kuti kukumbukira zakale kumangogaŵanitsa anthu, makamaka ngati papita zaka makumi ambiri. Amatero kuti kuiŵala kumagwirizanitsa anthu, pomwe kukumbukira sikumachiza bala, mosasamala kanthu zoti kuvutikako kunali kwakukulu bwanji.

Koma poyesetsa kupangitsa anthu kuiŵala, ena amafika pakukana kuti anthu sanachitidwe nkhanza zoopsa. Mwachitsanzo ena amene amachirikizidwa ndi olemba mbiri ofuna kusintha zinthu, amatero kuti kunalibe chinthu chotchedwa Nyengo Yakupululutsa.a Amatenganso anthu kukawasonyeza misasa kumene ankapherako anthu, monga ku Auschwitz kapena ku Treblinka, ndipo amawauza alendowo kuti kale lonse kumeneko kunalibe zipinda zautsi wa gas,—ndipotu zimenezo amanena mosasamala zoti pali mboni zambiri zimene zinaona ndi maso, komanso pali umboni wosakanika wolembedwa.

Kodi nchifukwa chiyani malingaliro a olemba mbiri ofuna kusintha zinthuwo amakhulupiridwa ndi anthu ena? Chifukwa chakuti ena amasankha kuiŵala mlandu wawo, ndi wa anthu awo. Chifukwa? Chifukwa chokonda dziko lawo, kuti akwaniritse zolinga zawo, kapena chifukwa amadana ndi Ayuda kapena zifukwa zina zimene amaganiza. Ofuna kusintha zinthuwo amaganiza kuti nkhanzazo zitaiŵalika, mlandu wawo udzazimiririkanso. Koma anthu ambiri amawatsutsa zedi ofuna kusintha zinthu amenewo, omwe wolemba mbiri wina wa ku France anawatcha kuti “ophimba anthu kumaso,” chifukwa samafuna kuvomereza zolakwa zawo.

Samaiŵala

Nzachidziŵikire kuti nkovuta kuti anthu opulumuka pankhondo aiŵale achinansi awo amene anafa pankhondo kapena mochitidwa nkhanza. Komabe, ambiri amene amafuna kumakumbukirabe kupululutsidwa kwa anthu, amatero chifukwa amakhulupirira kuti zimene anaphunzira pakuvutika kwawo ndi kwa achinansi awo zidzawathandiza kupeŵa nkhanza zina ngati zimenezo.

Choncho, boma la Germany laganiza kumakumbukira tsiku limene anayamba kuvumbula nkhanza zimene a Nazi anali kuchita kumsasa wachibalo ku Auschwitz. Malinga ndi mmene pulezidenti wa dziko la Germany ananenera, “kukumbukira kukhale ngati chenjezo kwa mibadwo yamtsogolo.”

Paphwando lakukumbukira kuti papita zaka 50 kuchokera pakutha kwa Nkhondo Yadziko II, papa, Yohane Paulo wachiŵiri, nayenso ananena zimodzimodzizo, kuti: “Mmene zaka zikupita, anthufe sitiyenera kuiŵala Nkhondo ija, koma ikhale phunziro lamphamvu kwa mbadwo wathu uno ndi kwa mibadwo ikudzayo.” Komabe, timaona kuti a Tchalitchi cha Katolika sakumbukira nthaŵi zonse za nkhanzazo ndi anthu amene anazunzika m’zaka zimenezo.

Nyumba zingapo zoonetseramo zinthu zakale—monga ya Holocaust Memorial Museum ku Washington, D.C., ndi ya Beit Hashoah Museum of Tolerance ku Los Angeles—zinamangidwa, kuti mibadwo yatsopano iphunzirepo kanthu ndi kuchenjezedwa kuti m’zaka za zana lino ngakhalenso m’zaka zina zapitazo, anthu ankapululutsidwa. Nchifukwa chake anapanga mafilimu ankhondo ndi mafilimu ena okhudza nkhani imeneyi. Zonsezo nkufuna kupangitsa anthu kuti asaiŵale za anthu amene anazunzidwa ndi anthu anzawo.

Nkukumbukiriranji?

Wanzeru wina, Mspanya wobadwira ku America, George Santayana, anati: “Amene amaiŵala zakale tidzawaimba mlandu wakufuna kuzibwerezanso.” Nzachisoni kuti mmene zaka zikwi zambiri zikupita, anthu amaiŵala msanga za mmbuyo mwawo, choncho amadziimba mlandu wakubwerezabwereza kulakwa momvetsa chisoni.

Chizindikiro chooneka bwino chakuti munthu walephereratu kulamulira munthu mnzake, ndicho kupha anthu anzake mwankhanza. Nchifukwa chiyani zimenezi zakhala chonchi? Chifukwa chakuti nthaŵi zonse anthu amalakwa chinthu chimodzimodzi mobwerezabwereza—akana Mulungu ndi malamulo ake. (Genesis 3:1-6; Mlaliki 8:9) Ndipo lero, monga momwe Baibulo linalosera, “mbadwo wokhotakhota” ungochita zomwezonso ndipo ukututa mavuto.—Afilipi 2:15; Salmo 92:7; 2 Timoteo 3:1-5, 13.

Poti takhudzamo Mlengi, Yehova, m’nkhani yathuyi, nanga iyeyo amaiona bwanji? Kodi iye amaiŵala chiyani, ndipo amakumbukira chiyani? Kodi mabala opweteka amene anthu anatsala nawo chifukwa cha nkhanza yochitidwa ndi munthu adzapola? Kodi ‘mphulupulu ya anthu oipa idzatha’?—Salmo 7:9.

[Mawu a M’munsi]

[Mawu Otsindika/Chithunzi patsamba 7]

“Amene amaiŵala zakale tidzawaimba mlandu wakufuna kuzibwerezanso.”—George Santayana

Motenthera mitembo ndi uvuni ku msasa wachibalo ku Auschwitz

[Mawu a Chithunzi]

Nyumba Yoonetseramo Zinthu Zakale ya Oświęcim