Kodi Yesu Ankaoneka Bwanji?

M’MABUKU wamba a mbiri, muli maumboni onena za maonekedwe a Yesu, komanso muli zinthu zingapo zimene zimapangitsa maumboniwo kukhala osokoneza kwambiri. Nchifukwa chake anthu amamjambula mosiyanasiyana zedi.

Zinthu ziŵiri ndizo mwambo wa m’dzikomo ndi nyengo yomwe anthu anajambulira chithunzicho. Ndiponso, zimene amisiri ojambulawo ankakhulupirira pachipembedzo chawo limodzinso ndi anthu amene ankawalemba ntchito yojambulayo, zinkapangitsa ojambulawo kumjambula Yesu mosiyanasiyana.

Zaka mazana ambiri zapitazo, amisiri otchuka pazojambula, monga Michelangelo, Rembrandt, ndi Rubens, ankakongoletsa mopambanitsa nkhope ya Kristu. Popeza kuti ojambula zithunziwo ankawonjezapo zizindikiro zachipembedzo, zithunzizo zasokoneza anthu ambiri moti sizikudziŵika kuti Yesu kwenikweni anali wotani. Kodi ojambulawo anadziŵa bwanji zoti nkhope ya Yesu ndimo mmene inkaonekera?

Zimene Mbiri Wamba Imasimba

Constantine Mfumu ya Roma inakhalako cha m’ma 280 mpaka 337 C.E., ndiye zithunzi zimene zinkajambulidwa madeti amenewo asanafike, kaŵirikaŵiri zinkasonyeza Yesu monga “Mbusa Wabwino” wokhala ndi tsitsi lalifupi kapena lalitali lolukanalukana. Koma ponena za zimenezi, buku lakuti Art Through the Ages, limati: “Monga chithunzi cha Mbusa Wabwino, amene anachiyambitsa angakhale anali Agiriki Akale [akunja], komanso chinkapezeka kwa Aigupto, koma pano chakhala chizindikiro cha munthu wokhulupirika woteteza gulu lankhosa lachikristu.”

Pakupita kwa nthaŵi, anthu achikunja anakhala osonkhezera kwambiri. Bukulo linawonjezera kuti: “Pojambula Yesu, anthu anayamba kumfanizira ndi milungu ina yotchuka ya m’maiko ozungulira nyanja ya Mediterranean, makamaka ankamfaniza ndi Helios (Apollo), mulungu wadzuŵa [moti anayamba kumamjambula Yesu ndi “oyera mtima” ena atazunguza mitu yawo ndi nkhata yakuŵala, monga momwe ankamjambulira Helios], kapena kumpatsa Yesu nkhope ya anthu a kummaŵa, monga Sol Invictus, (Dzuŵa Losagonjetsedwa).” M’manda omanga ndi miyala omwe anatulukiridwa pansi pa tchalitchi cha St. Peter ku Rome, anapezamo chithunzi cha Yesu atajambulidwa ngati Apollo “akuyendetsa galeta ladzuŵa lokokedwa ndi akavalo kudutsa m’miyamba.”

Komabe, chithunzi chimenechi cha Yesu wachinyamata sanachijambulebe kwa nthaŵi yaitali. Adolphe Didron, m’buku lake lakuti Christian Iconography, anafotokoza zimene zinachitika, kuti: “Kristu, yemwe ankajambulidwa ali wachinyamata, tsopano akumka akukula pa zaka zana zilizonse . . . monga momwenso Chikristu chikukulira.”

M’zaka za zana la 13, ku Nyumba ya Malamulo ku Roma analandira kalata yochita ngati inalembedwa ndi wina wotchedwa Publius Lentulus, yofotokoza mmene Yesu ankaonekera, kuti anali ndi tsitsi lofiirira ndipo lonse kufikira m’makutu linali losalala, koma kuyambira m’makutu linali lolukanalukana, lili lodera ndipo lonyezimira, litamzendewera pamapewa; logaŵanika pakati . . . , anali ndi ndevu pankhope yonse zofanana ndi tsitsi lake, koma pachibwano zinachita ngati phanda; . . . maso ake anali otuŵa . . . ndipo oŵala.” Pakupita kwa nthaŵi, chithunzi chongopeka chimenechi chinasonkhezera amisiri ambiri ojambula. New Catholic Encyclopedia inati: “Anthu a m’nyengo iliyonse ankajambula Kristu amene iwowo anamfuna.”

Momwemonso, anthu azipembedzo limodzi ndi anthu ena ankamjambula Kristu mosiyanasiyana. Insayikulopediyayo inati, anthu okhala m’maiko a amishonale m’Afirika ndi m’maiko ena a ku America, ndi ku Asia, amamjambula Kristu ali ndi tsitsi lalitali ngati munthu wa Kumadzulo; koma nthaŵi zina aliyense wa ojambulawo amamsonyeza Kristu ali ndi “nkhope ngati ya anthu amtundu wa wojambulayo.”

Apolotesitanti nawonso anali nawo amisiri awo ojambula, ndipo nawonso ankajambula nkhope ya Kristu mwa njira yawoyawo. F. M. Godfrey, m’buku lake lakuti Christ and the Apostles—The Changing Forms of Religious Imagery, anati: “Rembrandt pojambula Kristu womvetsa chisoni, ankatsanzira Apolotesitanti, chifukwa iwowo ankamjambula ali wodandaula, woonda, wankhope yosakondwa, . . . munthu woganiza zambiri, munthu wodzimana zabwino ngati m’Polotesitanti.” Iye anati zimenezi zikuoneka mwa “kuonda kwa thupi Lake, ‘kudzichepetsa, nkhope yomvetsa chisoni ndi yosakondwa,’ ndimo mmene [Rembrandt] anaganizira kuti zochitika za m’moyo wachikristu nzimene zinachititsa nkhopeyo kukhala choncho.”

Komabe, monga mmene titi tionere, Kristu wofooka, wokhala ndi nkhata yakuŵala kumutu, wonga mkazi, wankhope yakugwa, watsitsi lalitali, monga mmene a m’Dziko Lachikristu amamjambulira, salidi choncho. Chithunzi chimenecho nchosiyaniratu ndi Yesu wa m’Baibulo.

Baibulo ndi Maonekedwe a Yesu

Monga “Mwanawankhosa wa Mulungu,” Yesu analibe chirema, choncho mosakayikira anali mwamuna wooneka bwino. (Yohane 1:29; Ahebri 7:26) Ndipo si kuti ankangokhalabe wankhope yakugwa monga mmene amisiri amamjambulira. Nzoona kuti anakumana ndi mavuto ambiri m’moyo wake, koma mwachibadwa chake, ankasonyeza bwino kwambiri umunthu wa Atate wake, yemwe ali “Mulungu wachimwemwe.”—1 Timoteo 1:11, NW; Luka 10:21; Ahebri 1:3.

Kodi tsitsi la Yesu linali lalitali? Anaziri okha ndiwo omwe sanali kumeta tsitsi lawo kapena kumwa vinyo, koma Yesu sanali Mnaziri. Choncho ankameta tsitsi lake bwinobwino monga Myuda wina aliyense wamwamuna. (Numeri 6:2-7) Ndiponso ankamwa vinyo pang’ono pamene anali ndi anzake, ndipo zimenezi zikutithandiza kuona kuti iye sanali munthu wopanda chimwemwe. (Luka 7:34) Anapanganso vinyo mozizwitsa paphwando laukwati wina ku Kana wa ku Galileya. (Yohane 2:1-11) Ndipo tikudziŵa kuti ankasunga ndevu, chifukwa ulosi wonena za kuvutika kwake ukuchitira umboni zimenezo.—Yesaya 50:6.

Nanga bwanji za nkhope ya Yesu? Inali ngati ya Myuda wina aliyense. Ayenera kuti anatengera nkhope ya amake, Mariya, poti analinso Myuda. Makolo a Mariya analinso Ayuda, a mzere wa Ahebri. Choncho Yesu ayenera kuti anali ndi nkhope yofanana ndi ya Ayuda ambiri.

Ngakhale pamene anali pakati pa atumwi ake, Yesu sankasiyana nawo kwenikweni, popeza kuti Yudasi pompereka kwa adani ake, anafunikira kumpsopsona monga chizindikiro. Choncho, Yesu sankazindikirika pagulu. Ndipo sankazindikirikadi, chifukwa panthaŵi ina, anayenda ulendo kuchokera ku Galileya mpaka ku Yerusalemu, koma anthu osamzindikira.—Marko 14:44; Yohane 7:10, 11.

Komabe, ena amaganiza kuti Yesu anali munthu wofooka. Kodi amatero chifukwa chiyani? Chifukwa china nchakuti anafunikira kuthandizidwa kunyamula mtengo wake wozunzirapo. Ndiponso, iye ndiye anayamba kufa amuna ena aŵiri aja omwe anapachikidwa naye limodzi asanafe.—Luka 23:26; Yohane 19:17, 32, 33.

Yesu Sanali Wofooka

Mosiyana ndi zimene anthu ambiri amaganiza, Baibulo silimanena kuti Yesu anali wofooka kapena kuti anali ngati mkazi. Koma limanena kuti ngakhale pamene anali wachinyamata iye ‘anakulabe m’nzeru ndi mumsinkhu, ndi m’chisomo cha pa Mulungu ndi cha pa anthu.’ (Luka 2:52) Kwa zaka zoposa theka la 30, iye anali mmisiri wopala matabwa. Imeneyo sinali ntchito ya munthu wofooka kapena wathupi laling’ono, makamaka m’nyengo imeneyo, pamene kunalibe makina amakono, opeputsa ntchito. (Marko 6:3) Ndiponso, Yesu anatulutsa m’kachisi ng’ombe, nkhosa, ndi osinthana ndalama, nkugubuduza magome awo. (Yohane 2:14, 15) Zimenezinso zikusonyeza kuti Yesu anali mwamuna, munthu wanyongadi.

Cha kumapeto kwa zaka zitatu ndi theka za moyo wake padziko lapansi, Yesu ankayenda makilomita mazanamazana pamaulendo ake olalikira. Komabe, ophunzira sanamuuze kuti ‘apumule kamphindi.’ Koma iwowo, omwe ena anali asodzi amphamvu, ndiwo amene anauzidwa ndi Yesu kuti “Idzani inu nokha padera ku malo achipululu, mupumule kamphindi.”—Marko 6:31.

M’Clintock ndi Strong, mu Cyclopædia yawo amati, “nkhani zonse za m’Mauthenga Abwino zimasonyeza kuti [Yesu anali] wanyonga ndiponso wathanzi labwino.” Nanga bwanji anafunikira kuthandizidwa kunyamula mtengo wake wozunzirapo, ndiponso bwanji iyeyo ndiye anayamba kufa ena amene anapachikidwa naye limodzi asanafe?

Chifukwa china chachikulu chinali chakuti anasautsidwa zedi. Pamene inayandikira nthaŵi yoti aphedwe, anati: “Koma ndili ndi ubatizo ndikabatizidwe nawo; ndipo ndikanikizidwa, [“ndisautsidwa,” NW] Ine kufikira ukatsirizidwa!” (Luka 12:50) Nsautso imeneyo inakhala “ululu” usiku womaliza: “Pokhala Iye m’chipsinjo mtima, [“pakumva ululu,” NW] anapemphera kolimba koposa ndithu: ndi thukuta lake linakhala ngati madontho aakulu a mwazi alinkugwa pansi.” (Luka 22:44) Yesu anadziŵa kuti, kuti anthu adzapeze moyo wosatha iye anafunikira kukhulupirika mpaka imfa. Umenewotu unalinso mtolo wolemera kuusenza! (Mateyu 20:18, 19, 28) Ndipo anadziŵa kuti adzaphedwa ngati wachifwamba “wotembereredwa” ndi anthu a Mulungu. Nchifukwa chake anali kuda nkhaŵa kuti zimenezo zidzatonzetsa dzina la Atate wake.—Agalatiya 3:13; Salmo 40:6, 7; Machitidwe 8:32.

Ataperekedwa, anachitidwa nkhanza mwa njira iliyonse. Pozengedwa mlandu mwachiphamaso pakati pausiku, akuluakulu a m’dziko anamnyodola, kumlavulira, ndi kummenya ndi nkhonya. Ndiyeno kuti zioneke ngati kuti mlandu umene anamzenga usiku uja unali mwalamulo, anamzenganso mlandu wina mmamaŵa. Pamlandu umenewonso Yesu anafunsidwa ndi Pilato; kenaka ndi Herode, yemwe limodzi ndi asilikali ake anamunyodola Yesu; ndiyeno nkudzafunsidwanso ndi Pilato. Potsirizira, Pilato analamula kuti Yesu akwapulidwe. Ndipo kumeneko sikunali kukwapula wamba. Buku lakuti The Journal of the American Medical Association ponena za mmene Aroma ankakwapulira, linati:

“Chida chozoloŵereka chinali chikoti chachifupi . . . chokhala ndi zingwe zingapo zachikopa zong’amba kapena zolukidwa za utali wosiyanasiyana, kuchimene machaka kapena zidutswa zamafupa a nkhosa akuthwa anamangidwa m’malo osiyanasiyana. . . . Pamene asilikali achiroma anamenya mobwerezabwereza kumsana kwa munthu ndi mphamvu zonse, machakawo ankachititsa zilonda zakuya, ndipo zingwe zachikopazo, ndi mafupa a nkhosa ankacheka khungu ndi minyewa ya khungu. Pamenepo, pamene kukwapula kunapitiriza, kuvulazako kunali kufika paminyewa yapansi zikumachititsa kunyenyeka kwa mnofu wochucha magazi.”

Nzachionekere kuti mphamvu ya Yesu inali itayamba kale kutha asanasenze mtengo wakewo. Kunena zoona, buku lakuti The Journal of the American Medical Association linati: “Chifukwa chakuti Ayuda ndi Aroma anamvulaza thupi ndi maganizo omwe, ndiponso chifukwa chakuti anasoŵa chakudya, madzi, ndi tulo, zimenezo zinamfooladi. Choncho, ngakhale asanapachikidwe, Yesu anali atavulala, ndipo mwina kwa kayakaya.”

Kodi Maonekedwe Ake Alidi Nkanthu?

Kungoyambira pa chithunzi chopeka chimene Lentulus analongosola, mpaka zithunzithunzi zojambulidwa ndi akatswiri amakono, mpaka zithunzithunzi zojambulidwa pa mawindo a matchalitchi, zonsezo zimasonyeza kuti anthu a m’Dziko Lachikristu amangokonda zithunzi zokongola m’maso basi. Achibishopu wa Turin, yemwe ndiye anasunga Nsalu Yakumanda ya Turin, yomwe inayambitsa mkangano, anati: “Chithunzi chochititsa kaso cha Yesu Kristu tiyenera kuchisunga.”

Komabe, Baibulo mwadala silimatchula za maonekedwe a Yesu kuti anali “ochititsa kaso.” Chifukwa nchiyani? Zikanasokoneza anthu nkulephera kudziŵa chimene chikufunika kuti apeze moyo wosatha—kudziŵa Baibulo. (Yohane 17:3) Yesu mwiniyo—wotipatsa chitsanzoyo, ‘sasamala munthu,’ kapena kuganiza kuti “nkhope ya anthu” njofunika. (Mateyu 22:16; yerekezerani ndi Agalatiya 2:6.) Kutchulatchula za maonekedwe a Yesu pomwe m’Mauthenga Abwino simutchulidwa zimenezo kungakhale kusemphana ndi cholinga chenicheni cha Mauthenga Abwinowo. Ndithudi, monga momwe titi tionere m’nkhani yotsatira, Yesu sakufanananso ndi munthu wina aliyense.a

[Mawu a M’munsi]

[Zithunzi patsamba 25]

Kristu wofooka ndi wonyentchera yemwe amajambulidwa ndi amisiri a Dziko Lachikristu ngwosiyana ndi Yesu yemwe amatchulidwa m’nkhani za Baibulo

[Mawu a Chithunzi]

Yesu akulalikira kunyanja ya Galileya chojambulidwa ndi Gustave Doré