Kodi Majeremusi Osamva Mankhwala Afika Podetsa Nkhaŵa Motani?
Majeremusi osamva mankhwala afika povutitsa kwambiri padziko lonse. Kodi zinachitika bwanji kuti afike poterepa? Kodi mungachite zinthu zotani kuti mudziteteze m’banja mwanu?
MU October 1997, mwana wa masiku okwana milungu itatu dzina lake Hollie Mullin, anadwala matenda ena ake a m’kutu. Patatha masiku angapo mwanayu akulephera kuchira, dokotala anam’patsa mankhwala atsopano opha majeremusi m’thupi. Mankhwalaŵa anayenera kum’chiritsa mosavuta, komatu sanatero ayi. Nthendayo inamuyambanso ndipo ankati akangomaliza kulandira mankhwala amene dokotala anam’lembera nthendayo inkayambiranso.
Asanathe chaka chimodzi, Hollie anali atamwa mitundu 17 ya mankhwala osiyanasiyana a kuchipatala. Kenaka atangotsala miyezi itatu kuti akwanitse zaka ziŵiri, matendawo anadzam’tengetsa koopsa. Ndiyeno, patatha masiku 14 akulandira mankhwala amphamvu a matenda amtundu umenewu kudzera m’mitsempha, nthendayo inatha zenizeni.
Zoterezi zayamba kuchuluka kwambiri osati pakati pa makanda ndi nkhalamba zokha ayi. Anthu a misinkhu yosiyanasiyana akumadwala, ngakhale kufa kumene chifukwa cha matenda amene poyamba anali kutha mosavuta pongomwa mankhwala opha
majeremusi m’thupi. Ndipotu majeremusi amene ayamba kusamva mankhwalaŵa akhala akuvutitsa kwambiri m’zipatala zina kungoyambira m’ma 1950. Kenaka cha m’ma 1960 ndi m’ma 1970, majeremusiŵa anafalikira kwa anthu ena onse.
M’kupita kwa nthaŵi, ofufuza za mankhwala anayamba kunena kuti khalidwe lokonda kupatsa anthu kapena nyama mankhwalaŵa ndilo limene likuchitsa kuti majeremusiŵa achulukane. M’chaka cha 1978 m’modzi wa ofufuzaŵa analongosola kuti khalidweli “lafika posautsa kwambiri.” Motero pofika m’ma 1990, padziko lonse panayamba kufalitsidwa nkhani za mitu ina ngati iyi: “Kwabwera Majeremusi Okanika,” “Majeremusi Okanika Avuta,” “Kukonda Kwambiri Mankhwala Kukubweretsa Majeremusi Okanika.”
Kodi mitu imeneyi anailemba mongokokomeza? Ayi ndithu, chifukwatu mabungwe akuluakulu a zaumoyo anavomerezana nayo. Wamkulu wa bungwe la World Health Organization (WHO) ananena mawu otsatiraŵa mu lipoti lawo la m’chaka cha 2000 lonena za matenda oyambitsidwa ndi majeremusi: “M’zaka 1000 zimene taloŵa zino, kwabuka vuto linanso lalikulu. Matenda amene kale anali ochiritsidwa . . . tsopano ambiri ayamba kusamva mankhwala opha majeremusi m’thupi.”
Kodi vutoli lafika poopsa motani? Bungwe la WHO linati: “Vuto losautsa limene layambali [la majeremusi osamva mankhwala] likuchititsa kuti kuchiza matenda oyambitsidwa ndi majeremusi kuzivuta kwambiri.” Ena odziŵa bwino nkhaniyi, ochulukirapo ndithu, akunena kuti vutoli lichita kufika ngati mmene linali kale asanatulukire mankhwala opha majeremusi m’thupi.
Kodi zatheka bwanji kuti majeremusi osamva mankhwala athe kugonjetsa dziko lonse m’njira imeneyi komanso mpaka kufika pomadelera njira zamakono zapamwamba kwambiri za sayansi? Kodi pali chilichonse chimene munthu angachite kuti adziteteze kapenanso kuti ateteze ena ku vutoli? Ndipo kodi mtsogolo muno mungapezeke njira zotani zimene zingadzathandize polimbana ndi majeremusi osamva mankhwalaŵa? Nkhani zotsatirazi zili ndi mayankho ena a mafunsoŵa.