Mutu 2

Kupanga Bukhu la Mbiri Yabwino

1. Kodi ndi bukhu la mtundu wotani limene likakhala lopindulitsa kwa anthu onse?

KODI mukayembekezera chiani ponena za bukhu limene limapereka mbiri yabwino kwa anthu onse? Choyamba, likanayenera kupezeka m’zinenero zambiri-mbiri. Ndipo’nso, uthenga wake ukanayenera kukhala watanthauzo, wothandiza anthu a magulu onse a mitundu kupindula ndi moyo ngakhale tsopano, ndi kuwapatsa chiyembekezo cha m’tsogolo. Limene’lo ndiro bukhu limene tinayamba kufotokoza m’chaputala chathu choyambirira. Ndiro:

2. (a) Kodi Baibulo liri ndi zaka zingati? (b) Kodi n’chifukwa ninji anthu ochuluka angaliwerenge m’chinenero chao? (c) Ponena za kufalitsidwa, kodi Baibulo liri bwanji poyerekezera ndi mabukhu ena? (Aroma 10:14, 18)

² Kodi Baibulo ndi bukhu la mtundu wanji? Choyamba, liri bukhu lakale kwambiri, pokhala litayambidwa zaka zoposa 3,400 zapita’zo. Iro lafika m’dziko liri lonse ndipo ngakhale zisumbu zakutali ndi za kwazokha. Iro lingapezedwe m’tinyumba wamba ndi m’nyumba zamakono. Bukhu leni-leni-lo latembenuzidwa, lathunthu kapena kambali chabe, m’zinenero zazikulu ndi zinenero zazing’ono zoposa 1,575, kotero kuti pafupi-fupi ali yense angaliwerenge m’chinenero cha iye mwini. Palibe bukhu lina limene likuyandikira ngakhale pang’ono chiwerengero chake chofalitisdwa, chimene chikufika mabiliyoni ambiri. Chaka chiri chonse mamiliyoni-mamiliyoni a Mabaibulo amafalitsidwa pa dziko lonse lapansi.

3. (a) Kodi n’chifukwa ninji “Baibulo” liri dzina loyenerera kaamba ka bukhu’lo? (b) Kodi zolembedwa zoyambirira zinalembedwa pa chiani?

³ Baibulo liri kweni-kweni mabukhu ang’ono opangidwa kukhala limodzi okwanira makumi asanu ndi limodzi mphambu asanu ndi limodzi. Liulo’ “Baibulo” limachokera m’liu Lachigriki bibli’a, lotanthauza “Mabukhu ang’ono.” Liu leni-leni’lo bibli’a likugwirizanitisidwa ndi biblos, limene limatanthauza mbali yam’kati yofewa ya gumbwa (papyrus). M’maiko a Baibulo, mtundu wakale wa mapepala unapangidwa kuchokera mu imene’yi. Mabukhu a Baibulo pa nthawi ina anakoperekedwa mobwereza-bwereza ndi manja pa mapepala a gumbwa amene’wa, ngakhale kuli kwakuti zolemba zoyambirira zikuonekera kukhala zitalembedwa pa zikopa za nyama zofufutidwa.

4. (a) Kodi ndi olemba angati amene analemba Baibulo? (b) Kodi iwo analemba m’kati mwa nyengo yotani? (c) Kodi n’chifukwa ninji Baibulo liri bukhu la nzeru lapadera? (Yohane 17:17)

⁴ “Mabukhu ang’ono” makumi asanu ndi limodzi mphambu asanu ndi limodzi’wo a Baibulo analembedwa ndi olemba pafupi-fupi makumi anai m’kati mwa nyengo ya zaka zoposa 1,600, pakati pa 1513 B.C.E. ndi 98 C.E. Olemba aka onse ali ogwirizana kotheratu ponena za chiphunzitso, ndi m’kufotokoza mutu wa nkhani umodzi wosasintha. Chotulukapo chake ndicho bukhu la nzeru lapadera, inde, lodabwitsa.

5. Kodi ndi maina otani amene ali abwino koposa “Chipangano Chakale” ndi “Chipangano Chatsopano,” ndipo chifuwa ninji?

⁵ Anthu ena amagawa Baibulo kukhala “Zipangano” ziwiri, ndipo amanena kuti “Chipangano Chakale” sichiri chaphindu lofanana ndi “Chipangano Chatsopano.” Koma siziri choncho, pakuti iro lonse ndi Baibulo limodzi. Ndipo’nso, ponena za kuti “chipangano” amatanthauza pangano limodzi ndipo muli mapangano ochuluka koposa awiri okha m’Baibulo. Chifukwa cha chimene’cho, kuli bwino, kucha mbali ziwiri za Baibulo’zo kukhala “Malemba Achihebri” ndi “Malemba Achigriki,” popeza kuti zimene’zi zinali zinenero zoyambirira m’zimene mbali yokulira ya Baibulo ina lembedwa. Malemba Achihebri ali maziko ofunika kwambiri ozindikirira mokwanira Malemba Achigriki, ndipo Malemba Achigriki ali kufukulidwa kwa Malemba Achihebri, kosonyeza kukwaniritsidwa kwao. Liri lonse la “mabukhu ang’ono” makumi asanu ndi limodzi mphambu asanu ndi limodzi’wo amapereka chithandizo chake ku kukwaniritsa kuzindikira kwathu chifuno cha Mlengi wa anthu.

6. (a) Kodi ndi amuna a mitundu yotani amene analemba Baibulo? (b) Kodi n’chifukwa ninji zinthu zimene’zi zinalembedwa kale-kale? (1 Akorinto 10:11)

⁶ Monga momwe’di mbiri yabwino ya m’Baibulo yaperekedwera kwa anthu onse, momwemo’nso olemba ake anali amuna amene anachokera m’mikhalidwe ya moyo yosiyana-siyana. Iwo anaphatikizamo abusa a nkhosa ndi abusa a ng’ombe, asodzi ndi alimi, dokotala ndi wokhometsa msonkho. Okwanira awiri anali mafumu. Ena anali ansembe, aneneri kapena alembi. Wolemba wina pa nthawi ina anali wozunza woipa kwambiri awo amene anakhulupirira mbiri yabwino imene’yi, koma anasintha nakhala mmodzi ya oichirikiza achangu kopambana. Pambuyo pa kutembenuka kwake, m’tsogoleri wa chipembedzo chonyenga wapapitapo amene’yu, mtumwi Paulo, analemba ponena za mabukhu oyambirira a Baibulo, kuti:

“Zonse zinalembedwa kale zinalembedwa kutilangiza, kuti mwa chipiriro ndi chitonthozo cha malembo, tikhale ndi chiyembekezo.”​—Aroma 15:4.

7. Kodi n’chifukwa ninji Baibulo lingachedwe bukhu Lakum’mawa? (Aroma 3:1, 2)

⁷ Ngakhale kuli kwakuti kufalikira kwakukulu kopambana kwa Baibulo kwakhala m’maiko a Kumadzulo, iro kweni-kweni liri bukhu Lakum’mawa. amuna onse amene anakhala ndi phande m’kulilemba anali Akum’mawa amene anakhala m’Middle East. Zochuluka za zochitika zake zinachitikira m’maiko a Kum’mawa, amene miyambo yake limasonyeza. Mwa chitsanzo, limasonyeza Wolamulira anthu wam’tsogolo kukhala wofanana ndi mbusa wa nkhosa Wakum’mawa, wosamalira mwachifundo gulu la nkhosa:

“Aitana nkhosa za iye yekha maina ao, nazitsogolera kunja. Pamene adatulutsa zonse za iye yekha, azitsogolera; ndi nkhosa zim’tsata iye; chifukwa zidziwa mau ake. Koma mlendo sizim’tsata.  . . mbusa wabwino ataya moyo wake chifukwa cha nkhosa.” (Yohane 10:3-5, 11)

Idzakhala nthawi yotsangalatsa chotani nanga pamene tidzakhala ndi amene pa nthawi ina anali Mbusa wakum’mawa amene’yu monga Wolamulira wathu wachikondi!

M’MENE MBIRI YABWINO INALEMBEDWERA

8. Kodi olemba Baibulo anali ofanana ndi anthufe lero lino m’njira yotani?

⁸ Amuna Amene analemba Baibulo anali opanda ungwiro, ogonjera ku kufooka ndi kuladwa. Monga anthu, iwo sanali osiyana ndi anthu ena. Mtumwi Paulo anauza amuna amene molakwa anali kuona iye ndi mmishonale mnzake Barnaba monga milungu: “Ife’nso tiri anthu a mkhalidwe wathu umodzi-modzi ndi wanu.” (Machitidwe 14:15) Pamenepa, kodi ndi motani m’mene, kunaliri kothekera kwa amuna opanda ungwiro kutulutsa cholembedwa chimene chiri kwenikweni uthenga wa Mulungu?

9. Kodi ndi motani m’mene anthu opanda ungwiro akanatulutsira uthenga wangwiro kaamba ka anthu?

⁹ Chinali chifukwa chakuti iwo sanalembe za m’maganizo mwao, koma anauziridwa ndi Mulungu. Kodi nchiani chimene chikutanthauzidwa pano ndi liu’lo “anauziridwa”? Limatanthauza kuti Mulungu, Mlengi wa kumwamba ndi dziko lapansi, anasonkhezera amuna amene’wa ndi mzimu wake kapena mphamvu yopatsa nyonga yosaoneka, akumaika m’maganizo mwao zimene iwo ayenera kulemba monga “mau” ake, kapena uthenga, kwa anthu. Mwa chitsanzo, wolemba masalmo Davide anati:

“Mzimu wa Yehova [Mulungu] unalankhula mwa ine, ndi mau ake anali pa lirime langa.” (2 Samueli 23:2)

Ndipo ponena za mauthenga olosera, mtumwi Petro analemba kuti:

“Palibe chinenero cha lembo chitanthauzidwa pa chokha, pakuti kale lonse chinenero sichinadza ndi chifuniro cha munthu; koma anthu a Mulungu, ogwidwa ndi Mzimu Woyera, analankhula.”—2 Petro 1:20, 21.

10. (a) Kodi n’chifukwa ninji kukakhala kosabvuta kwa Mulungu kutumiza mauthenga kwa amuna okhulupirika? Longosolani mwa fanizo. (Eksodo 34:27, 28; Yeremiya 1:1, 2, 9; Ezekieli 1:1; Danieli 7:1) (b) Kodi n’chiani chimene chinatsogoza kusonkhanitsidwa kwa Baibulo lathunthu, ndipo kodi limene’li limachedwa chiani? (Chibvumbulutso 22:18, 19)

¹⁰ Sikunali kobvuta kwa Mulungu, Namalenga ndi Mlengi wa Chilengedwe chonse, kupereka mauthenga kwa anthu okhulupirika pa dziko lapansi. M’nthawi zamakono anthu apita ku mwezi, ndipo mauthenga amene iwo anawatumiza ku dziko lapansi ali komweko mwa rediyo anafika bwino lomwe ndi momvekera bwino kuchokera kutali m’mlengalenga ku makilomita oposa 400,000. Ndipo’nso, zithunzi-thunzi za TV zinatumizidwa pa utali wonse’wo, kotero kuti anthu pa dziko lapansi akanatha kukhala pansi kweni-kweni m’nyumba zao ndi kuona opita kutali m’mlengalenga akuyenda pa mwezi. Ngati munthu angatumize mauthenga m’njira imene’yi, kuyenera kukhala kosabvuta chotani nanga kwa Mlengi wa zinthu zonse kutumiza mauthenga ndimasomphenya kwa anthu pa dziko lapansi, ngakhale kuchokera kutali koposa pamenepo “m’Mwamba-mwamba”! (1 Mafumu 8:27) Pamene Mulungu anapereka malingaliro ake m’maganizo mwa olemba Baibulo, iwo analemba amene’wa monga “mau a Mulungu”–uthenga wake. (Ahebri 4:12) Mulungu, mwa mzimu wake, anatsogoza’nso anthu kusonkhanitsa “mabukhu ang’ono” makumi asanu ndi limodzi mphambu asanu ndi limodzi amen’wa, ndipo okha’wa, kupanga Baibulo lathunthu, ochedwa “mpambo wa mabukhu” a Baibulo.

CHOLEMBEDWA CHOLONGOSOKA NDI CHODALIRIKA

11. Longosolani kusamalitsa ndi kundandalikidwa kwatsatane-tsatane kwa Baibulo.

¹¹ Chinthu chodabwitsa ponena za Baibulo ndicho kusamalitsa kumene likulemba nako zinthu, ndipo’nso kugwirizana kwake kotheratu. Mwa chitsanzo, m’Genesis, chaputala 5 ndi 10, limapereka mipambo ya mabanja kuyambira ku nthawi ya mwamuna woyamba Adamu kudzafika ku ija ya ana a Nowa, yolowetsamo nyengo ya zaka zoposa 2,000. Pambuyo pake, wansembe Ezara analemba 1 Mbiri ndipo anapereka machaputala asanu ndi anai oyambirira ku kubwereza ndi kufutukula mipambo yoyambirira imene’yi, akumafikitsa cholembedwa’cho ku zaka zina 1,500 za mbiri yakale kudzafika ku nthawi’yo pamene Aisrayeli anabwerera kuchokera ku ukapolo m’Babulo. Pambuyo pake’nso, Mateyu ndi Luka yemwe, m’Mauthenga ao Abwino, anabwereza mbali zofunika kwambiri za zolembedwe zakale zimene’zi ndi kufutukula mipambo ya banja ya Baibulo mpaka kudzafika kwa yesu Kristu. (Mateyu 1:1-17; Luka 3:23-38) Chotero, motsogozedwa ndi mzimu wa Mulungu, olemba Baibulo anapanga cholembedwa chosatha cha mzera wobadwira kuyambira kwa kholo lathu loyambirira, Adamu, mkati’mwa zaka zoposa 4,000 kudzafika kwa Yesu “mwana wa munthu.” Ponena za cholembedwa cha Uthenga wake Wabwino, sing’anga Luka analemba kuti:

“Ndinalonda-londa mosamalitsa zinthu zonse kuyambira pachiyambi, kulembera kwa iwe tsatane-tsatane.” (Luka 1:3)

Cholembedwa’cho chiri’di chosamalitsa ndi chatsatanetsatane.

12. Kodi ndi motani m’mene Mose angakhale atapezera chidziwitso chonena za mibadwo yoyambirira?

¹² Baibulo limachula ‘mibadwo’ yakale. (Genesis 2:4; 5:1) Imene’yi ingakhale itaperekedwa mwa mau a pakamwa. Koma m’chochitika chimene’chi kodi ndi motani m’mene kulongosoka kukanatsimikiziridwira? Mulungu analenga mwamuna woyamba, Adamu, wangwiro. Pambuyo pake, iye anapandukira Mulungu, kotero kuti Mulungu anam’patsa chiweruzo cha imfa. Komabe, kunatenga nthawi yaitali kuti thupi lake limene linali langwiro pa nthawi ina’lo linyonyotsoke mpaka kufika pa imfa. Iye anakhala ndi moyo kwa zaka 930, kudzafika m’nthawi ya Lameke, atate wa Nowa, amene motero akanaphunzira mbiri yoyambira mwachindunji kuchokera kwa Adamu. Lameke akanatha kulankhula zonse’zi ndi Nowa, ndi mwana wa Nowa Semu, amene thupi lake lapafupi ndi ungwiro linam’theketsa kukhala ndi moyo kwa zaka 500 pambuyo pa Chigumula. Semu akakhala wokhoza kupereka kwa Abrahamu ndi kwa mwana wake Isake chidziwitso chatsatane-tsatane chonena za dziko la Chigumula chisananadze. Ike akanapereka chimene’chi kwa mdzukulu wake Levi, ndipo mwachionekere Levi kwa mdzukulu wake Amramu, atate wa Mose. Motero, polongosola mbiri yoyambirira ndi mau a pakamwa, ogwirizanitsa asanu okha akakhala ofunika pakati pa Adamu ndi Mose- Lameke, Semu, Isake, Levi ndi Amramu.

13. Kodi n’chifukwa ninji Mlengi anapanga cholembedwa cha mibadwo yoyambirira, mwa njira ya kuuzira? (Salmo 102:18)

¹³ Komabe, chifukwa cha kupanda ungwiro kwacholowa, ndipo’nso mwina mwake chifukwa cha kusintha kwa mikhalidwe pambuyo pa Chigumula, mtundu wa anthu unali kumafookera-fookera, Isake akumakhala ndi moyo zaka 180 zokha, ndipo Mose, zaka 120. Pamene utali wa moyo wa munthu unatsika kudzafika ku zaka makumi asanu ndi awiri kapena makumi asanu ndi atatu, Mlengi anaona kukhala koyenera kuchititsa kuti mbiri yoyambirira ya anthu isungidwe molongosoka monga cholembedwa chosatha. Motero nthawi zonse tikakhala ndi chidziwitso chodalirika chonena za chiyambi cha anthu. Mlengi anagwiritsira ntchito Mose, mouziridwa, kulemba cholembeda chimene’chi, chimene chinakhala mbali yoyamba ya Baibulo.

14. (a) Kodi Mose anali yani? (Ahebri 11:23-27) (b) Kodi n’chifukwa ninji Mose ndi olemba a pambuyo pake anali oyenerertsedwa kwambiri kulemba cholembedwa cha Baibulo? (Machitidwe 3:21)

¹⁴ Kodi Mose amene’yu anali yani? Iye anali mbadwa ya Abrahamu, Mhebri, ndipo anabadwa pamene mtundu wake, Aisrayeli, unali akapolo mu Igupto. Monga mwana wolandiridwa wa mwana wamkazi wa Farao, wolamulira wa Igupto, Mose analeredwa ndi kupphunzitsidwa m’mphala yachifumu. Komabe, pamene mkangano unafika, iye anasonyeza kuti anawerengera kwambiri chuma chauzimu chimene iye akasangalala nacho limodzi ndi anthu a Mulungu kukhala chachikulu kwambiri koposa chuma chonse chakuthupi chimene iye angakhale anali nacho mu Igupto. Iye anasankha kuchitiridwa moipa limodzi ndi anthu a Mulungu. M’kati mwa nthawi ya moyo wake mu Igupto ndipo pa mbuyo pake monga mbusa wa nkhosa m’chipululu, iye anakulitsa chikhulupiriro chachikulu mwa Mulungu ndipo anakhala “wofatsa woposa anthu onse a pa dziko lapansi.” (Numeri 12:3) Iye anali woyeneretsedwa bwino, osati kokha kutsogolera mtundu wokhala ndi Aisrayeli mamiliyoni angapo kutuluka mu Igupto, koma’nso kutumikira monga mlembi wa Mulungu, mouziridwa ndi mzimu Wake, m’kulemba mbali yoyambirira ya cholembedwa cha Baibulo. Pambuyo pake, amuna ena okhala ndi chikhulupiriro chofanana’cho anapitirizabe kuonjezera ku cholembedwa cha Baibulo, kufikira chinatsirizidwa, zaka 1,600 pambuyo pake. N’kokondweretsa kweni-kweni, ndi kopindulitsa kwa ife lero lino, kupenda chimene mabukhu a Baibulo amene’wa ali nazo.

[Tchati patsamba 12]

Baibulo limayambira kutali kwambiri m’mbiri ya anthu koposa mabukhu ena ali onse akale

(Onani m’buku lenileni kuti mumvetse izi)

NYENGO YA MABUKHU AKULU ACHIMPEMBEDZO

(Yosonyeza’nso chaka chimene liri lonse linatsirizidwa)

Nyengo Ino Isanakhale (B.C.E.)

Zaka

4026 Kulengedwa kwa munthu

2370 Chigumula Chachikulu

1473 Mabukhu asanu (Baibulo) zaka 3,448

500 “Mabukhu a Nzeru” Achihindu (Veda) zaka 2,475

480 “Maphunziro Akulu” Achikonfyushani (Ta-hsüeh) zaka 2,455

443 Malemba Achihebri Amalizidwa (Baibulo) zaka 2,418

43 Malemba Achibuda, “Mitanga Itatu” zaka 2,018

Nyengo Ino (C.E.)

Zaka

98 Baibulo Loyera Litsirizidwa zaka 1,878

650 Koran (Bukhu Lopatulika Lachisilamu) zaka 1,326

720 Shinto Kojiki ndi Nihongi zaka 1,256

1830 Bukhu la Mormon zaka 146

1976

[Madeti osakhala a Baibulo ozikidwa pa “Encyclopedia Britannica,” ya 1971.]

[Zithunzi pamasamba 16, 17]

Malamulo Khumi olembedwa ndi Mulungu

Mulungu Angelo analankhula mau a

Mzimu wa Mulungu unatsogoza kusankha zolembedwa zakale

Masomphenya ali maso

Maloto ali m’tulo