Mutu 11

Mulungu Samazunza Miyoyo

1. Kodi n’chiani chimene, atsogoleri achipembedzo aphunzitsa ndi kuchita ponena za “helo”?

CHAKHALA chiphunzitso chofala m’Chikristu cha Dziko, kudza’nso m’zipembedzo za Kum’mawa, chakuti “miyoyo” ya anthu oipa imazunzidwa mwankhanza pambuyo pa imfa mu “helo” wamoto. Popeza kuti ali ndi chiphunzitso chankhanza chimene’chi, atsogoleri achipembedzo ambiri aganizira kukhala chinthu chabwino kwambiri kukakamiza olamulira kuzunza ndi kuocha anthu amoyo m’moyo uno’nso, maka-maka ngati iwo anaumirira ku chipembedzo china.

2. (a) Kodi Mlengi ndi Mulungu wa mtundu wanji? (1 Yohane 4:8) (b) Kodi n’chiani chimene chimasonyeza kuti Mulungu sakanabvomereza kuzunza? (Yeremiya 7:31)

² Komabe, Yehova, Mlengi, ali Mulungu wachikondi. Iye ali wachifundo ndi wokoma mtima. Lingaliro lake kulinga kwa oipa likusonyezedwa pa Ezekieli 18:23 kuti:

“Ngati ndikondwera nayo imfa ya woipa? ati Ambuye Yehova, si ndiko kuti abwerere kuleka njira yake, ndi kukhala ndi moyo?”

Motero, Yehova samafuna kuona ngakhale munthu woipa akufa, osanena kanthu za kuzunzidwa. Kumvera chisoni kwa Mulungu, ndi kukondwera ndi anthu, zikusonyezedwa m’mau a Yesu pa Mateyu 10:29-31:

“Kodi mpheta ziwiri sizigulidwa kakobiri? ndipo imodzi ya izo siigwa pansi popanda Atate wanu: komatu inu, matsitsi onse a m’mutu mwanu awerengedwa. Chifukwa chake musamaopa; inu mupambana mpheta zambiri.”

Mulungu amene amaona anthu mwa njira imene’yo sangabvomereze kuzunzidwa kwa anthu m’moyo uno kapena m’moyo ulinkudza. Baibulo liribe chiphunzitso chotero’cho.

CHIYAMBI CHA CHIPHUNZITSO CHA CHIZUNZO CHA “HELO”

3. (a) Kodi ndi zipembedzo ziti zimene zaphunzitsa helo wa chizunzo? (b) Kodi ndi motani m’mene zina za ziphunzitso zimene’zi zasiyanira?

³ Lingaliro la “helo” wa chizunso likuchokera m’Babulo wakale. Likupezeka’nso pakati pa ziphunzitso zachipembedzo za Perisiya ndi Foinike wakale. The Encyclopedia Americana (1956 ed., Vol. 14, p. 82) imati:

“Pamene kuli kwakuti pali kusiyana kochuluka ndi koonekera bwino kwa nsonga ndi mbali zazikulu za helo monga momwe zinakhulupiriridwa ndi Ahindu, Aperisi, Aigupto, Agriki, Ahebri ndi atsogoleri achipembedzo a Chikristu ziri zofanana kweni-kweni.”

Ngakhale kuli kwakuti zipembedzo zochuluka za mu mbiri zaphunzitsa kuti kuli “helo” wamoto, ziphunzitso zao zasiyana-siyana ponena za chifuno chake. Encyclopaedia Britannica (1971 ed, Vol. 11, p. 320) imati:

“Chalichi Chachiroma Katolika chimaphunzitsa kuti helo ali mkhalidwe wa chilango cha awo amene afa ali osalapa chimo lalikulu. Helo adzakhalako kosatha; kubvutika kwake sikudzatha. . . Chiphunzitso chamwambo cha Aprotestanti chonena za helo chimene chakhalapobe kufikira nthawi zino chiri chofanana kweni-kweni ndi Chiphunzitso Chachikatolika ndipo chikukhulupiridwa ndi magulu ambiri Achiprotestanti osakonda kusintha.”

Ku mbali ina, Ahindu ndi Abuda amaphunzitsa kuti helo ali malo oyeretsera, mofanana ndi “purigatoriyo” Wachikatolika, ndi kuti munthu amene amapita kumene’ko amakhala ndi kubadwa’nso, ngakhale kuli kwakuti mwakamodzi-kamodzi monga munthu, pambuyo pa kuochedwa kwa ntchito (karma) zake zoipa.

4. (a) Kodi mahelo Achibuda ali ngati chiani? (b) Kodi ndi chiphunzitso chofanana’cho chotani chimene chipembedzo Chachiroma Katolika chiri nacho?

⁴ Polongosola mahelo Achibuda, bukhu la Encyclopaedia Britannica lapamwambapo’lo limalongosola kuti:

“Pali mahelo otentha asanu ndi atatu ndi mahelo ozizira asanu ndi atatu kudza malo okhala pretas (mizimu yokhala ndi kamwa zochepa ndi mimba zazikulu imene ikuzunzika ndi njala ndi ludzu). Munthu amabadwa m’helo monga chotulukapo cha ‘kukhwima’ kwa ntchito zoipa (karma).”

Pa tsamba 104 bukhu limene’li, lingaliro lina lonena za zinzunzo zoyerekezeredwa kukhala zauchiwanda zoperekedwa mu “helo” amene’yu likuperekedwa m’chitsanzo chochokera mu mpukutu wokhala ndi mutu wakuti “Kanzen Choaku” (lotanthauza, Kuyamikira Abwino, Kulanga Oipa). Ali ndi zofanana zochuluka ndi “Inferno” wa Roman Catholic Dante, limene chigawo chake chikusonyezedwa m’bukhu lino pa tsamba 105.

5. (a) Kodi n’chiani chimene chinali ndi chimene chiri lingaliro la Yesu kulinga kwa ochimwa? (Luka 15:1, 2, 7) (b) Kodi ndi ayani okha amene adzalangidwa kosatha, ndipo m’njira yotani? (2 Atesalonika 1:8, 9)

⁵ Kodi mungakhulupirire kuti helo wotero’yo aliko-di? Kodi n’koyenera? Ndithudi, ngati mukufuna kukhala wa chipembedzo chimene chimaphunzitsa zinthu zimene’zi, muli waufulu kotheratu kutero. Koma ziphunzitso za chizunzo chamoto zimene’zi ziri zosiyana kwambiri ndi zimene Yesu anaphunzitsa. Iye mokondwa anathandiza okhometsa misonkho, akazi achigololo ndi ochimwa ena, amene anali kulingaliridwa kukhala ochotsedwa ndi atsogoleri achipembedzo a m’nthawi yake, kotero kuti akayeretse miyoyo yao, ndi ‘kupeza mpumulo’ wa miyoyo yao. (Mateyu 11:28-30) Baibulo limasonyeza kuti ndiwo oipa osachiritsika okha amene Mulungu adzawalanga-osati ndi chizunzo chamuyaya, koma mwachifundo mwa kuwachititsa kusakhalako kwamuyaya:

“Oipa . . . akunga mungu wouluka ndi mphebo. . . . mayendedwe a oipa adzatayika.”—Salmo 1:4, 6.

6. (a) Kodi n’chifukwa ninji Luka 16:19-31 samachirikiza chiphunzitso cha “chizunzo cha moto wa helo” (Mateyu 13:10, 11) (b) Kodi ndi motani m’mene fanizo limene’li linakwaniritsidwira? (Mateyu 21:45, 46)

⁶ Komabe, anthu ena angasonye ku fanizo la Yesu pa Luka 16:19-21, limene limalongosola munthu wolemera wokhala m’chizunzo “m’lawi la moto” wa chizunzo. Bukhu lopereka matanthauzo a mau limafotokoza “fanizo” kukhala “nthano yaifupi yopeka”—osati kanthu kena kamene kamachitika kweni-kweni m’moyo weni-weni. Pano, Yesu anali kusonyeza m’mene, monga kagulu, atsogoleri achipembedzo a Ayuda ‘akafera’ mophiphiritsira kulinga ku kukhala ndi chiyanjo cha Mulungu ndi kulowa m’kubvutika pamene akali ndi moyo pa dziko lapansi-monga momwe anachitira pakumva Yesu akulengeza uthenga wowatsutsa. Baibulo silimanena kanthu ponena za kuzunza kwa Mulungu anthu pambuyo pa imfa mu “moto wa helo.”a Lingaliro la kuzunza ndi moto liri losadziwika kwa Yehova Mulungu, amene mosabisa anatsutsa Ayuda opatuka kaamba ka “chonyansa” cha kupanga ‘ana ao amuna ndi ana ao akazi kupitirira moto wa Moleki,’ mulungu wa Amoni.-Yeremiya 32:35; 2 Mbiri 28:3.

7. (a) Kodi ndani amene ali “atate wa bodza” lonena za “helo” wa chizunzo, ndipo kodi ndi motani m’mene atsogoleri achipembedzo agwiritsirira ntchito bodza limene’li? (2 Akorinto 11:13-15) (b) Koma kodi ndi motani m’mene Yehova amadzisonyezera kukhala “Mulungu wa chitonthozo chonse”? (Aroma 15:5,6)

⁷ Mofanana ndi chiphunzitso cha kusakhoza kufa kwa moyo, chija cha “helo” wa chizunzo chazikidwa pa bodza Lachibabulo lakuti moyo wa munthu umapitirizabe pambuyo pa imfa. Bodza limene’li linayamba ndi Satana, amene ali “atate wa bodza.” (Yohane 8:44) Ansembe ndi atsogoleri achipembedzo a zipembedzo agwiritsira ntchito mwamphamvu bodza limene’li, akumachititsa anthu ambiri kukhala mu ukapolo ku magulu ao achipembedzo mwa kuika kwa iwo kuopa “helo” wa moto pambuyo pa imfa. Mosemphana ndi zimene’zo, Yehova, monga “Atate wa zifundo ndi Mulungu wa chitonthozo,” akulinganiza m’tsogolo mowala ndi mwachimwemwe kaamba ka anthu akufa ochimwa amene alonjezedwa chiukiriro.–2 Akorinto 1:3, 4.

ZIZUNZO M’MOYO UNO

8. M’kuchitira kwao anthu amene samagwirizana nawo, kodi ndi motani m’mene zipembedzo Zachikatolika ndi Zachiprotestanti zalepherera kutsatira chphunzitso cha Mulungu ndi chitsanzo? (Mateyu 7:21-23)

⁸ Mosasintha, Mulungu samabvomereza kubvutitsidwa kwa miyoyo yamoyo m’moyo uno. Chalichi Chachikatolika chinagwiritsira ntchito Khoti lochuka ndi kuipa kufafaniza ochedwa chotero “ampatuko” mwa chizunzo chankhanza ndi kuochera pa mtengo wozunzirapo. M’zaka za zana la khumi ndi chisanu ndi chimodzi mokha, Khoti Lachikatolika linaocha “ampatuko” oposa 30,000 m’njira imene’yi. Ngakhale okonza’nso Achiprotestanti a pa nthawi imene’yo sanali opanda liwongo, chitsanzo chodziwika chikumakhala kuochedwa kwa Michael Servetus pafupi ndi Geneva, chifukwa cha kulengeza kwake poyera zoona zakuti chiphunzitso cha Utatu ndi ubatizo wa makanda ziri zosemphana ndi chiphunzitso cha Baibulo. John Calvin, mmodzi wa okhazikitsa Chalichi cha Presibeteriani, anachirikiza chilango cha imfa, ndipo anayang’anira pamene Servetus anaochedwa ali wamoyo m’moto wa pang’ono-pang’ono kwa pafupi-fupi maora asanu mpaka kufa.

9. Kodi ife tingathe kukhala ndi chidaliro kwa iye kaamba ka mikhalidwe yotani ya Yehova (Salmo 11:7)

⁹ Yehova, ‘Mulungu wa chikondi,’ sanabvomereze konse zizunzo zotero’zo. Anthu onse angayang’ane kwa iye ndi chikhulupiriro chotheratu ndi chidaliro m’kukoma mtima kwake kwapadera kwachikondi.

“Ha! chifundo chanu, Mulungu, n’chokondedwa’di! Ndipo ana a anthu athawira ku mthunzi wa mapiko anu.”—Salmo 36:7.

10.Kodi inu mungabvomereze kuti onyoza ayenera kuchitiridwa monga momwe kwasonyezedwera m’Chiphunzitso cha Lotus?

¹⁰ Ndipo’nso Mulungu wachikondi wotero’yo sakabvomereza kuzunzidwa kwamuyaya kwa miyoyo malinga ndi kunena kwa chiphunzitso cha “choonadi cha Lotus” cha Nichiren Buddhism mu Japan. “Chiphunzitso chimene’chi chimalongosola m’chaputala chake chotsirizira cha 28 kuti:

“Iye amene anyoza wochirikiza wachangu wa chiphunzitso chimene’chi m’kukhala ndi moyo kuli konse adzathyoledwa ndi kugululidwa mano, miromo yake idzakhala yoipa, mphuno yake idzakhala yaphwatalala, mapazi ndi manja ake n’kupotoledwa, maso ake akumayang’anira cham’mbali, thupi lake likumakhala lonyansa; iye adzakhala ndi zironda, mafinya, ndipo m’thupi lake mudzatuluka mwazi, mimba yake idzatupa ndi madzi, iye adzakhala wopanda mpweya wokwanira ndi kubvutika ndi mitundu yonse ya nthenda zowawa ndi zoopsya. Chifukwa cha chimene’cho, ngati munthu ataona- ngakhale ali patali–munthu amene akusunga chiphunzitso chimene’chi, munthu’yo ayenera kunyamuka ndi kum’sonyeza ulemu wofanana ndi wa Buddha.”

Ndithudi sikukakhala koyenera kuzunza motero ngakhale onyoza! Kukakhala kupanda chikondi kopambana kuika chisoni chosatha chotero’cho pa iye. M’chochitika chiri chonse, monga momwe Baibulo limasonyezera, miyoyo ya ochimwa simapulumuka imfa ya thupi kuti izunzidwe m’mitundu ina ya kukhala ndi moyo. Miyoyo imene’yo “imafa.”–Ezekieli 18:4.

KODI MIYOYO IMASAMUKA?

11. Kodi n’chiani chimene chiri chikhulupiriro cha “kusamuka kwa moyo,” chimene chiri chofala m’Chibuda ndi Chihindu?

¹¹ Chiphunzitso chapamwambapo’cho chimalongosola zoyerekezeredwa kukhala zizunzo zoti ziperekedwe pa wonyoza “m’kukhala ndi moyo kuli konse.” Pano pakuchulidwa chikhulupiriro, chofala m’Chibuda ndi Chihindu, chakuti pa imfa moyo “umasamuka” kapena kusamukira m’thupi lina. Anthu amene amakhulupirira chimene’chi amalingalira kuti akhala ndi miyoyo yosawerengeka kale ndipo adzapitirizabe kusamukira m’moyo wina pambuyo pa unzake m’kubadwa’nso kozungulira-zungulira kopanda mapeto kweni-kweni. Karma (ntchito) zochitidwa m’moyo umodzi. zidzatsimikizira m’mene mtundu wa moyo wotsatirapo udzakhalira.

12. Kodi ndi motani m’mene malemba Achihindu amalongosoloera lamulo la karma, ndipo kodi inu mumachita motani ndi mau amene’wa?

¹² Limodzi la malemba Achihindu, Chandogya Upanishad, limalongosola lamulo la karma motere:

“Awo amene ali ndi khalidwe labwino pano–ndithudi, chiyembekezo n’chakuti, iwo adzalowa m’mimba yabwino, kaya m’mimba ya Brahmin [wansembe], kapena m’mimba ya Kshatriya [wamalonda]. Koma awo amene ali a khalidwe lonyansa pano–chiyembekezo n’chakuti, iwo adzalowa’di kaya m’mimba ya galu, kapena m’mimba ya nkhumba, kapena m’mimba ya wochotsedwa.”

Ofanana ndi malingaliro amene’wo ndiwo mau otengedwa m’malamulo a Hindu a Manu onena za akazi otsatirapo’wa:

“Ngakhale, ali wopanda ubwino, kapena wofuna-funa chikondwerero kwina kwake, kapena wopanda mikhalidwe yabwino, komabe mwamuna ayenera kulambiridwa nthawi zonse monga mulungu ndi mkazi wokhulupirika . . . Mwa kulephera ntchito yake kulinga kwa mwamuna wake, mkazi amachititsidwa manyazi m’dziko lino; pambuyo pa imfa iye amalowa m’mimba ya nkhandwe, ndipo amazunzidwa ndi matenda, chilango cha chimo lake.”

13. (a) Kodi chiphunzitso cha kusamuka kwa moyo chinakhala ndi chiyambukiro chotani pa anthu? (b) Kodi ndi motani m’mene kuliri kuti Mkhalidwe wa Kugwidwa ndi Mzimu ungapezedwe?

¹³ Ndithudi, Ahindu ndi ena ali aufulu kotheratu kukhulupirira motero ngati iwo afuna. Koma kodi chikhulupiriro chotero’cho chimawapatsa chimwemwe? Profesala John Noss akulemba mu Man’s Religions kuti:

“Ahindu afikira pa kunena za njira ya kubadwa’nso, kukhala “Gudumu.’ Iwo amayang’anapo motaya mtima . . . mitima yao yawalepheretsa pamene alingalira za kuthekera kwa kubadwa’nso zikwi miliyoni imodzi komapitirizabe pamaso pao.”

Chihundu chimaphunzitsa kuti pamene munthu azindikira kuti iye mwini’yo ali mbali ya Mulungu, iye angathe kutaya chikhumbo cha moyo wina wakuthupi, kupewa kuzungulira-zungulira kwa kubadwa’nso, ndi kupeza Mkhalidwe wa kugwidwa ndi mzimu. Malinga ndi kunena kwa magulu osiyana-siyana a Chihindu, kumene’ku kungachokere ku Yoga, kapena kubvina ndi kuyimba kosangalala kwambiri. Chibuda cha Zen m’Japan nacho’nso chimagogomezera kusinkha-sinkha monga njira Yolandirira mzimu.

14. Kodi n’chiani chimene chiri chiphunzitso chomvekera bwino cha Babulo chonena za mkhalidwe ndi chiyembekezo cha akufa? (1 Akorinto 15:20, 21)

¹⁴ Aloleni ochirikiza mwamphamphu zipembedzo zimene’zi atsatire zikhulupiriro zimene’zi ngati akufuna. Komabe, Baibulo, mosiyana ndi zimene’zo, limatipatsa chiphunzitso chosavuta kweni-kweni chakuti anthu ali miyoyo yokhoza kufa, yolandira uchimo ndi imfa kuchokera kwa mwamuna woyamba, Adamu. Imfa ndiyo magomero a mseu wa moyo uli wonse kufikira pa nthawi yosangalatsa pamene Mulungu adzaukitsa akufa:

“Mphotho yake ya uchimo ndi imfa; [osati moto wozunza kapena ‘Gudumu’ la kubadwa’nso], koma mphatso yaulere ya Mulungu ndiyo moyo wosatha wa mwa Kristu Yesu Ambuye wathu.” (Aroma 6:23)

Tsopano funso likubuka lakuti: Kodi n’chifukwa ninji Mulungu walekerera ziphunzitso zolakwa zachipembedzo kwa nthawi yaitali kwambiri? Kodi n’chifukwa ninji iye walola kupanda chimwemwe konse kumene kukupitirizabe kukantha anthu?

[Mawu a M’munsi]

[Chithunzi patsamba 95]

Mulungu amasalira mbalame; koposa’di inu

[Chithunzi patsamba 99]

Osati chizunzo chamuyaya, koma mwai wa moyo m’paradaiso, uli patsogolo kwa anthu ochimwa

[Chithunzi patsamba 100]

Anthu zikwi makumi ochuluka anafera m’zizunzo za moto m’Chikristu cha Dziko

[Zithunzi patsamba 102]

Lamulo la karma limaphunzitsa “Gudumu” la kubadwa’nso kopanda mapeto

[Chithunzi patsamba 104]

Mpukutu Wachibuda umasonyeza zizunzo za miyoyo yoipa mu “helo”

Malo mu “helo” Wachibuda, monga momwe asonyezedwera pa tsamba 104, kuwerenga kuchokera pamwamba kumka pansi: Njira ya ku Helo, Mphepo Zakupha, Njira ya Ludzu ndi Njala, Phiri la Masingano, Mkazi Wobvula Zobvala Nyanja ya Mwazi, Malo Obisalira ku Dziko, Njira yomka Kophera, Helo wa Miyoyo Yobwerezedwa, Malo a Chimbuzi ndi Matope, Helo wa zingwe Zakuda, Msonkhano wa Helo, Chipukuta cha Malupanga Akuthwa, Helo wa mpfuu ndi Kukuwa, Mphepo Yakuda ndi Moto, Helo wa Ululu Wotheratu, Helo wa Chizunzo Chosaleka.

[Chithunzi patsamba 105]

“Inferno” Wachiroma Katolika monga momwe wasonyezedwera ndi Dante