Mutu 15

Mafumu Olimbanawo Aloŵa M’zaka za Zana la 20

1. Kodi katswiri wa mbiri yakale anati ndani anali otsogolera Ulaya m’zaka za zana la 19?

“ZOCHITIKA za ku Ulaya m’zaka za zana la 19 zinaposa zina zonse m’mbuyomo,” analemba motero katswiri wa mbiri yakale Norman Davies. Anawonjezera kuti: “Ulaya anagwedezeka ndi mphamvu kuposa kale lonse: mphamvu ya luso la zopangapanga, mphamvu ya chuma, mphamvu ya chikhalidwe, mphamvu pa mayiko ena.” Amene anali patsogolo “mu zaka zana zimenezo za ‘mphamvu ya Ulaya’ wopambana,” anatero Davies, “choyamba anali Great Britain . . . ndipo m’zaka zotsatira anadzakhala Germany.”

‘AKUMBUKA KUCHITA ZOIPA’

2. Pamene zaka za zana la 19 zinali kufika kumathero ake, kodi ndi maulamuliro ati amene anatenga mbali za “mfumu ya kumpoto” ndi “mfumu ya kumwera”?

² Pamene zaka za zana la 19 zinali kufika kumathero ake, Ufumu Waukulu wa Germany ndiwo unali “mfumu ya kumpoto” ndipo Britain anali “mfumu ya kumwera.” (Danieli 11:14, 15) “Ndipo mafumu aŵa onse aŵiri,” anatero mngelo wa Yehova, “mitima yawo idzakumbuka kuchita zoipa, nadzanena bodza ali pagome limodzi.” Anapitiriza kuti: “Koma osapindula nalo; pakuti kutha kwake kudzakhala pa nthaŵi yoikika.”—Danieli 11:27.

3, 4. (a) Kodi ndani anakhala mfumu yaikulu yoyamba ya Ufumu Waukulu wa Germany, ndipo panapangidwa mgwirizano wotani? (b) Kodi Kaiza Wilhelm anatsata mfundo zotani?

³ Pa January 18, 1871, Wilhelm 1 anakhala mfumu yaikulu yoyamba ya Ulamuliro Waukulu wa Germany. Iye anasankha Otto von Bismarck kukhala nduna yaikulu. Pofunitsitsa kukhazikitsa ufumu waukulu watsopano, Bismarck anapeŵa mikangano ndi mayiko ena ndipo anapanga mgwirizano ndi Austria-Hungary ndi Italiya, wotchedwa Mgwirizano wa Atatu. Koma zofuna za mfumu ya kumpoto yatsopanoyi mwamsanga zinawombana ndi za mfumu ya kumwera.

⁴ Atamwalira Wilhelm 1 limodzi ndi wom’loŵa m’malo wake, Frederick 3 mu 1888, Wilhelm 2 wa zaka 29 anakhala pampando wachifumu. Wilhelm 2, kapena Kaiza Wilhelm, anaumiriza Bismarck kutula pansi udindo wake ndipo anatsata mfundo zofuna kufutukula mphamvu ya Germany padziko lonse lapansi. Katswiri wina wa mbiri yakale anati: “Pamene anali m’manja mwa Wilhelm 2, [Germany] anakhala ndi ulamuliro wamwano ndi wankhanza.”

5. Kodi mafumu aŵiriwo anakhala motani “pagome limodzi,” ndipo analankhulanji pamenepo?

⁵ Pamene Mfumu Yaikulu Nicholas 2 wa ku Russia anaitanitsa msonkhano wokambirana za mtendere ku Hague, Netherlands, pa August 24, 1898, panali mzimu wa kusamvana pakati pa mayiko. Msonkhanowo ndi wina umene unatsatira mu 1907 unakhazikitsa Khothi Lachikhalire Lothetsa Mikangano ku Hague. Mwa kukhala mamembala a khothi limeneli, Ufumu Waukulu wa Germany limodzi ndi Great Britain anaonetsa ngati kuti amafuna mtendere. Iwo anakhala “pagome limodzi,” akumaoneka ngati mabwenzi, koma ‘mitima yawo inakumbuka kuchita zoipa.’ Machenjera ‘onena mabodza pagome limodzi’ sakanalimbikitsa mtendere. Kunena za zokhumba zawo zandale, zachuma, ndi zankhondo, ‘sakanapindula nazo’ chifukwa kutha kwa mafumu aŵiriwo ‘kunali panthaŵi yoikika’ ndi Yehova Mulungu.

‘ATSUTSANA NDI CHIPANGANO CHOPATULIKA’

6, 7. (a) Kodi mfumu ya kumpoto ‘inabwerera [motani] ku dziko lake’? (b) Kodi mfumu ya kumwera inachita motani pamene mfumu ya kumpoto inawonjezera mphamvu yake?

⁶ Popitiriza, mngelo wa Mulungu anati: ‘Ndipo [mfumu ya kumpoto] idzabwerera ku dziko lake ndi chuma chambiri; ndi mtima wake udzatsutsana ndi chipangano chopatulika, nidzachita chifuniro chake, ndi kubwerera ku dziko lake.’—Danieli 11:28.

⁷ Kaiza Wilhelm anabwerera ku “dziko,” kapena kumkhalidwe wa dziko lapansi, wa mfumu ya kumpoto yamakedzana. Motani? Mwa kukhazikitsa ulamuliro wachifumu wofuna kufutukula Ufumu Waukulu wa Germany ndi mphamvu yake. Wilhelm 2 anatsata zolinga zautsamunda mu Afirika ndi malo ena. Pofuna kupikisana ndi mphamvu ya Britain panyanja, anakhazikitsa gulu lamphamvu la asilikali apanyanja. “Mphamvu yapanyanja ya Germany inali yosaphula kanthu poyamba, koma inakula ndi kukhala yachiŵiri kwa Britain yekha m’zaka zopitirira pang’ono khumi,” linatero buku lakuti The New Encyclopædia Britannica. Pofuna kukhalabe wamphamvu, Britain anafunikira kuwonjezera asilikali ake apanyanja ndi zida zawo. Britain anapangana za kumvana ndi France ndipo anapangananso chimodzimodzi ndi Russia, akumapanga Pangano la Atatu. Ulaya tsopano anagaŵika m’magulu ankhondo aŵiri—uku Mgwirizano wa Atatu kwinaku Pangano la Atatu.

8. Kodi Ufumu Waukulu wa Germany unakhala motani ndi “chuma chambiri”?

⁸ Ufumu Waukulu wa Germany unachita zinthu motsendereza, moti anasonkhanitsa “chuma chambiri,” chifukwa ndiye anali wamphamvu mu Mgwirizano wa Atatuwo. Austria-Hungary ndi Italiya anali Aroma Katolika. Choncho, Mgwirizano wa Atatuwo unayanjidwanso ndi apapa, pamene mfumu ya kumwera, aja a mu Pangano la Atatu osakhala Akatolika, sanayanjidwe ndi apapa.

9. Kodi mtima wa mfumu ya kumpoto ‘unatsutsana [motani] ndi chipangano chopatulika’?

⁹ Bwanji nanga za anthu a Yehova? Iwo anali atalengeza kuti ‘nthaŵi za anthu akunja’ [“nthaŵi zoikika za amitundu,” NW] zikatha mu 1914.a (Luka 21:24) M’chaka chimenecho, Ufumu wa Mulungu wokhala m’manja mwa Woloŵa Ufumu wa Mfumu Davide, Yesu Kristu, unakhazikitsidwa kumwamba. (2 Samueli 7:12-16; Luka 22:28, 29) Kalekalelo mu March 1880, magazini ya Nsanja ya Olonda inagwirizanitsa ulamuliro wa Ufumu wa Mulungu ndi mapeto a “nthaŵi zoikika za amitundu,” kapena kuti ‘nthaŵi za anthu akunja.’ Koma mtima wa mfumu ya kumpoto ya Germany ‘unatsutsana ndi chipangano chopatulika cha Ufumu.’ M’malo movomereza ulamuliro wa Ufumuwo, Kaiza Wilhelm ‘anachita chifuniro chake’ mwa kulimbikitsa machenjera ake ofuna kulamulira dziko lonse. Komabe mwakutero, anadzala mbewu za nkhondo yoyamba ya padziko lonse.

MFUMU ‘ITENGA NKHAŴA’ PANKHONDO

10, 11. Kodi nkhondo yoyamba ya padziko lonse inayambika motani, ndipo imeneyi inali motani “nthaŵi yoikika”?

¹⁰ ‘Panthaŵi yoikika [mfumu ya kumpoto] idzabwera,’ anatero mngeloyo, ‘nidzaloŵa kumwera; koma [nthaŵi yomalizirayi, NW] sikudzakhala monga nthaŵi yoyamba ija.’ (Danieli 11:29) “Nthaŵi yoikika” ya Mulungu, yothetsa ulamuliro wa Akunja wa padziko lapansi inafika mu 1914 pamene anakhazikitsa Ufumu wakumwamba. Pa June 28 chaka chimenecho, Archduke Francis Ferdinand wa ku Austria ndi mkazi wake anaphedwa mu Sarajevo ku Bosnia, ndi chigaŵenga chochokera ku Serbia. Chochitikachi ndiye chinakoleza moto wa nkhondo yoyamba ya padziko lonse.

¹¹ Kaiza Wilhelm analimbikitsa Austria-Hungary kuti abwezere chiwembu cha Serbia. Potsimikiziridwa za chithandizo cha Germany, Austria-Hungary anaukira Serbia pa July 28, 1914. Koma Russia anathandiza Serbia. Pamene Germany anaukira Russia, France (mnzake wa m’Pangano la Atatu) anagwera kumbali ya Russia. Ndiyeno Germany anaukira France. Pofuna kupeza njira yosavuta yofikira ku Paris, Germany anaukira Belgium, amene analangizidwa ndi Britain kusatenga mbali m’nkhondoyo. Choncho Britain anaukira Germany. Mayiko enanso anagwapo, ndipo Italiya anasintha mbali. Pankhondo imeneyo, Britain anatenga Igupto pofuna kulepheretsa mfumu ya kumpoto kutseka Ngalande ya Suez ndi kulanda Igupto, dziko lakale la mfumu ya kumwera.

12. M’kati mwa nkhondo yoyamba ya padziko lonse, ndi motani mmene zinthu sizinakhalire “monga nthaŵi yoyamba ija”?

¹² Buku lakuti The World Book Encyclopedia linati: “Ngakhale kuti mayiko olimbana ndi Germany anali aakulu ndi amphamvu, Germany anaonekabe kuti anatsala pang’ono kupambana nkhondoyo.” M’nkhondo zam’mbuyomo pakati pa mafumu aŵiriwo, Ufumu Waukulu wa Roma, monga mfumu ya kumpoto, unali kupambana nthaŵi zonse. Koma panthaŵiyi, zinthu ‘sizinakhale monga nthaŵi yoyamba ija.’ Mfumu ya kumpoto inagonjetsedwa pankhondoyo. Popereka chifukwa cha zimenezo, mngeloyo anati: “Pakuti zombo za ku Kitimu zidzafika kuyambana naye; chifukwa chake adzatenga nkhaŵa.” (Danieli 11:30a) Kodi “zombo za ku Kitimu” zinali chiyani?

13, 14. (a) Kodi “zombo za ku Kitimu” zimene zinalimbana ndi mfumu ya kumpoto zinali chiyani makamaka? (b) Kodi zombo za ku Kitimu zinawonjezereka motani pamene nkhondo yoyamba ya padziko lonse inapitirira?

¹³ M’nthaŵi ya Danieli Kitimu anali Cyprus [Kupro]. Kumayambiriro kwa nkhondo yoyamba ya padziko lonse, Cyprus anatengedwa ndi Britain. Ndiponso, malinga n’kunena kwa buku lakuti The Zondervan Pictorial Encyclopedia of the Bible, dzina lakuti Kitimu “linafutukulidwa kuti liphatikizepo mayiko onse a Kumadzulo, koma makamaka mayiko a Kumadzulo okonda panyanja.” Baibulo la New International Version limamasulira mawu akuti “zombo za ku Kitimu” kuti “zombo za kumagombe akumadzulo.” M’kati mwa nkhondo yoyamba ya padziko lonse, zombo za ku Kitimu zinali makamaka sitima zapamadzi za Britain, amene anali pafupi ndi gombe lakumadzulo kwa Ulaya.

¹⁴ Pamene nkhondo inapitirira, asilikali apanyanja a Britain anawonjezeredwa mphamvu mwa kuwawonjezera zombo zina za ku Kitimu. Pa May 7, 1915, sitima yankhondo yapansi pa madzi yotchedwa U-20 ya Germany inamiza sitima yapamadzi yoyendera anthu wamba yotchedwa Lusitania pafupi ndi gombe lakumwera la Ireland. Pakati pa ophedwawo panali Aamereka 128. Pambuyo pake, Germany anakulitsa nkhondo ya sitima zapansi pa madzi mpaka m’nyanja ya Atlantic. Poona zimenezo, pa April 6, 1917, Pulezidenti wa America, Woodrow Wilson, analengeza nkhondo yomenyana ndi Germany. Polimbitsidwa ndi sitima zankhondo zapamadzi ndi asilikali a ku America, mfumu ya kumwera—tsopano Ulamuliro Wamphamvu Padziko Lonse wa Britain ndi America—inali pankhondo yeniyeni ndi mdani wake, mfumu ya kumpoto.

15. Ndi liti pamene mfumu ya kumpoto ‘inatenga nkhaŵa’?

¹⁵ Posakazidwa ndi Ulamuliro Wamphamvu Padziko Lonse wa Britain ndi America, mfumu ya kumpoto ‘inatenga nkhaŵa’ ndipo inagonja mu November 1918. Wilhelm 2 anathaŵira ku Netherlands, ndipo Germany anakhala boma la lipabuliki. Koma mfumu ya kumpoto sinathere pomwepo.

MFUMUYO ‘ICHITA CHIFUNIRO CHAKE’

16. Malinga ndi ulosi, mfumu ya kumpoto ikatani itagonjetsedwa?

¹⁶ ‘[Mfumu ya kumpoto] idzabwerera, nidzaipidwa mtima ndi chipangano chopatulika, nidzachita chifuniro chake; idzabweranso, nidzasamalira otaya chipangano chopatulika.’ (Danieli 11:30b) Mngeloyo analosera motero, ndipo zinakhaladi choncho.

17. N’chiyani chinathandiza Adolf Hitler kukwera?

¹⁷ Nkhondo itatha, mu 1918, mayiko ogwirizana pogonjetsa Germany anapanga pangano la mtendere lokhaulitsa Germany. Anthu a ku Germany anavutika kwambiri ndi panganolo chifukwa linali lotsendereza, ndipo boma latsopano la lipabuliki linali lofooka kuchokera pachiyambi. Germany anavutika kwambiri m’zaka zotsatira ndipo chuma chake chinagwa moti anthu mamiliyoni asanu ndi limodzi anakhala paulova. Pofika m’ma 1930, mikhalidwe inam’yanja Adolf Hitler kuti akwere. Anakhala nduna yaikulu mu January 1933 ndipo chaka chotsatira anakhala pulezidenti wa boma limene Anazi analitcha Ufumu Wachitatu.b

18. Kodi Hitler ‘anachita chifuniro chake’ motani?

¹⁸ Atangotenga ulamuliro, Hitler anayamba kutsutsa mwankhanza “chipangano chopatulika,” choimiridwa ndi abale odzozedwa a Yesu Kristu. (Mateyu 25:40) Pambali imeneyi iye ‘anachita chifuniro chake’ motsutsana ndi Akristu okhulupirika ameneŵa, akumazunza ambiri a iwo mwankhanza. Hitler anapita patsogolo m’zachuma ndi zamtendere, ‘akumachita chifuniro chake’ m’mbali zimenezinso. M’zaka zoŵerengeka, anachititsa Germany kukhala boma lomveka padziko lonse.

19. Pofuna chithandizo, kodi Hitler anapanga ubwenzi ndi yani?

¹⁹ Hitler ‘anasamalira otaya chipangano chopatulika.’ Kodi anali ndani amenewo? Mwachionekere, anali atsogoleri a Matchalitchi Achikristu, amene anadzinenera kuti anali m’pangano ndi Mulungu koma anali atasiya kukhala ophunzira a Yesu Kristu. Hitler anatha kuitana “otaya chipangano” kuti am’chirikize. Mwachitsanzo, iye anapanga pangano ndi papa ku Roma. Mu 1935, Hitler anakhazikitsa Unduna Woona za Matchalitchi. Cholinga chake chimodzi chinali choti Matchalitchi a Evangelical aziyendetsedwa ndi boma.

“ANKHONDO” ACHOKERA KWA MFUMU

20. Ndi “ankhondo” otani amene mfumu ya kumpoto inagwiritsa ntchito, ndipo inatero polimbana ndi yani?

²⁰ Posakhalitsa Hitler anayamba kumenya nkhondo, mongadi ananeneratu mngelo uja kuti: “Ankhondo adzamuimirira, nadzadetsa malo opatulika ndi linga lake; nadzachotsa nsembe yosalekezayo.” (Danieli 11:31a) “Ankhondo” anali asilikali amene mfumu ya kumpoto inagwiritsa ntchito pomenyana ndi mfumu ya kumwera pankhondo yachiŵiri ya padziko lonse. Pa September 1, 1939, “ankhondo” a Nazi anaukira Poland. Patapita masiku aŵiri, Britain ndi France anaukira Germany pofuna kuthandiza Poland. Umu ndi mmene nkhondo yachiŵiri ya padziko lonse inayambira. Poland anagwa mofulumira, kenako asilikali a Germany analoŵa mu Denmark, Norway, Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, ndi France. “Pofika kumathero kwa 1941,” likutero buku lakuti The World Book Encyclopedia, “Germany wa Nazi anakhala ndi mphamvu mu [Ulaya] yense.”

21. Kodi zinthu zinaitembenukira motani mfumu ya kumpoto m’kati mwa nkhondo yachiŵiri ya padziko lonse, ndipo zotsatira zake zinakhala zotani?

²¹ Ngakhale kuti Germany ndi Soviet Union anali atasainirana Pangano la Ubwenzi, Mgwirizano, ndi Kulemberana Malire, Hitler analowabe gawo la Soviet Union pa June 22, 1941. Mtopola umenewu unapangitsa Soviet Union kugwera kumbali ya Britain. Asilikali a ku Soviet Union anachita uchamuna pankhondoyo ngakhale kuti poyambirira asilikali a Germany anali ataloŵa kwambiri m’dzikomo. Pa December 6, 1941, asilikali a Germany anagonjetsedwa ku Moscow. M’maŵa mwake, mnzake wa Germany, Japan, anaphulitsa Pearl Harbor, ku Hawaii. Atamva zimenezi, Hitler anauza anthu om’thandiza kuti: “Tsopano n’zosatheka kuti tigonjetsedwe pankhondoyi.” Pa December 11, iye anadya mfulumira naukira America. Koma sanadziŵe mphamvu ya Soviet Union ndi America. Asilikali a Soviet Union pothira nkhondo kuchokera kum’maŵa kenako asilikali a Britain ndi America kuchokera kumadzulo, zinthu zinam’tembenukira Hitler. Asilikali a Germany anayamba kulandidwa madera awo. Kenako Hitler anadzipha, ndipo Germany anangodzipereka ku mayiko olimbana naye, pa May 7, 1945.

22. Kodi mfumu ya kumpoto ‘inadetsa [motani] malo opatulika ndi kuchotsa nsembe yosalekeza’?

²² Mngeloyo anati: ‘[ankhondo a Nazi] adzadetsa malo opatulika ndi linga lake; nadzachotsa nsembe yosalekezayo.’ Ku Yuda wakale malo opatulika anali chipinda cha m’kachisi ku Yerusalemu. Komabe, pamene Ayuda anakana Yesu, Yehova anawakana limodzi ndi kachisi wawoyo. (Mateyu 23:37–24:2) Kuyambira m’zaka za zana loyamba C.E., kachisi wa Yehova wakhala wauzimu, ndipo malo ake opatulikitsa ali kumwamba, koma bwalo lake lauzimu lili padziko lapansi, mmene abale odzozedwa a Yesu, Mkulu wa Ansembe, akutumikira. Kuyambira m’ma 1930, “khamu lalikulu” lakhala likulambira mogwirizana ndi otsalira odzozedwawo ndipo amanenedwa kuti akutumikira ‘m’kachisi wa Mulungu.’ (Chivumbulutso 7:9, 15; 11:1, 2; Ahebri 9:11, 12, 24) M’mayiko okhala pansi pa ulamuliro wake, mfumu ya kumpoto inadetsa bwalo la kachisiyo la padziko lapansi mwa kuzunza mosalekeza otsalira odzozedwa ndi atsamwali awo. Chizunzocho chinali choopsa kwambiri moti “nsembe yosalekezayo”—nsembe yapoyera ya kutamanda dzina la Yehova—inachotsedwa. (Ahebri 13:15) Komabe, mosasamala kanthu za kuzunzika koopsako, Akristu odzozedwa okhulupirikawo limodzi ndi “nkhosa zina” anapitirizabe kulalikira m’kati mwa nkhondo yachiŵiri ya padziko lonse.—Yohane 10:16.

‘CHONYANSA CHOPULULUTSA CHIIMITSIDWA’

23. Kodi “chonyansa” chinali chiyani m’zaka za zana loyamba?

²³ Pamene nkhondo yachiŵiri ya padziko lonse inali kuyandikira mapeto ake, panaonekanso chochitika china, mogwirizana ndi mawu a mngelo wa Mulungu. ‘Adzaimitsa [“adzakhazikitsa,” NW] chonyansa chopululutsa.’ (Danieli 11:31b) Yesunso analankhula za “chonyansa.” M’zaka za zana loyamba, chonyansacho chinali gulu lankhondo la Roma limene linapita ku Yerusalemu mu 66 C.E. kukathetsa chipanduko cha Ayuda.c—Mateyu 24:15; Danieli 9:27.

24, 25. (a) Kodi “chonyansa” m’masiku athu ano n’chiyani? (b) Kodi “chonyansa” chimenecho ‘chinakhazikitsidwa’ liti ndipo motani?

²⁴ Kodi “chonyansa” chimene ‘chakhazikitsidwa’ m’nthaŵi zathu zino n’chiyani? Mwachionekere, ndicho “chonyansa” chonamizira kuimira Ufumu wa Mulungu. Chimenechi chinali bungwe la League of Nations, chilombo chofiiritsa chimene chinapita kuphompho, kapena chimene chinaleka kukhalapo monga bungwe losungitsa mtendere la dziko lonse, pamene nkhondo yachiŵiri ya padziko lonse inayamba. (Chivumbulutso 17:8) Komabe, “chilombo” chimenecho chinayenera ‘kutuluka m’phomphomo.’ Zimenezi zinachitika pamene bungwe la United Nations linakhazikitsidwa pa October 24, 1945, lokhala ndi mayiko 50 monga mamembala ake. Ndi mmene “chonyansa” chonenedwa ndi mngeloyo—bungwe la United Nations—chinakhazikitsidwira.

²⁵ Germany anali mdani wamkulu wa mfumu ya kumwera m’kati mwa nkhondo zonse ziŵiri za padziko lonse ndipo ndiye anatenga malo a mfumu ya kumpoto. Kodi wotsatira wake pamalowo akakhala ndani?

[Mawu a M’munsi]

KODI MWAZINDIKIRA CHIYANI?

• Kumathero kwa zaka za zana la 19, kodi ndi maulamuliro ati amene anatenga mbali za mfumu ya kumpoto ndi mfumu ya kumwera?

• M’kati mwa nkhondo yoyamba ya padziko lonse, kodi n’chifukwa ninji zotsatirapo za nkhondoyo ‘nthaŵi yomalizira sizinakhale monga nthaŵi yoyamba ija’ kwa mfumu ya kumpoto?

• Pambuyo pa nkhondo yoyamba ya padziko lonse, kodi Hitler anachititsa motani Germany kukhala boma lomveka padziko lonse?

• Kodi zotsatirapo zinali zotani pakulimbana kwa mfumu ya kumpoto ndi mfumu ya kumwera pankhondo yachiŵiri ya padziko lonse?

[Tchati/Chithunzi patsamba 268]

MAFUMU A PA DANIELI 11:27-31

[Chithunzi]

Pulezidenti Woodrow Wilson ndi Mfumu George 5

[Chithunzi]

Akristu ambiri anazunzidwa m’ndende za Nazi

[Chithunzi]

Atsogoleri a Matchalitchi Achikristu anachirikiza Hitler

[Chithunzi]

Galimoto imene anapheramo Archduke Ferdinand

[Chithunzi]

Asilikali a Germany, pankhondo yoyamba ya padziko lonse

[Chithunzi patsamba 257]

Ku Yalta mu 1945, Nduna Yaikulu ya Britain Winston Churchill, Pulezidenti wa America Franklin D. Roosevelt, ndi Nduna Yaikulu ya Soviet Union Joseph Stalin anagwirizana kulanda Germany, kukhazikitsa boma latsopano ku Poland, ndi kukhala ndi msonkhano wokhazikitsa bungwe la United Nations

[Chithunzi patsamba 258]

1. Archduke Ferdinand 2. Asilikali apanyanja a Germany 3. Asilikali apanyanja a Britain 4. Lusitania 5. Chilengezo cha nkhondo cha America

[Chithunzi patsamba 263]

Adolf Hitler anakhala ndi chidaliro chopambana nkhondo pamene Japan, wothandizana naye nkhondoyo, anaphulitsa Pearl Harbor