Moyo wa Makolo Akale
STEFANO anayamba nkhani yake yotchuka mwa kutchula malo osiyanasiyana. Iye anati: “[Yehova] anaonekera kwa kholo lathu Abrahamu, pokhala iye m’Mesopotamiya, asanayambe kukhala m’Harana; nati kwa iye, Tuluka . . . tiye ku dziko limene ndidzakusonyeza iwe.” (Mac. 7:1-4) Pamenepa m’pamene panayambira zochitika zosiyanasiyana zofunika kwambiri m’Dziko Lolonjezedwa zokhudza Abrahamu, Isake, ndi Yakobo. Zochitika zimenezo zinali zogwirizana ndi cholinga cha Mulungu chakuti adalitse anthu onse.—Gen. 12:1-3; Yos. 24:3.
Mulungu anauza Abrahamu (kapena kuti, Abramu) kuti achoke ku Uri wa Akaldayo, mudzi wotukuka umene kalelo unali kum’maŵa kwa Mtsinje wa Firate m’mphepete mwake. Kodi Abrahamu akanadutsa njira iti? Kuchokera ku Kaldayo, dera lotchedwanso Sumer kapena Sinara, kukanakhala kosavuta kungopita kumadzulo mwachindunji. Nanga anazungulira bwanji kudzera ku Harana kutaliko?
Uri anali kum’maŵa chakumapeto kwa dera lina lachonde lotchedwa Fertile Crescent, lomwe linayambira ku Palestina mpaka ku chigwa cha mitsinje ya Tigirisi ndi Firate. N’kutheka kuti kalelo dera limeneli linali losatentha ndiponso losazizira kwambiri. M’munsi mwa derali munali Chipululu cha Suriya ndi Arabiya chimene chinali ndi mapiri a miyala ya njereza ndi madera a mchenga. Buku la The Encyclopædia Britannica limanena kuti dera limeneli linali “lovuta kwambiri kudutsamo pamaulendo apakati pa Gombe la Mediterranean ndi Mesopotamiya.” Apaulendo ayenera kuti anali kudutsa deralo kuchokera ku Firate kupita ku Tadimori kenako n’kulunjika ku Damasiko, koma Abrahamu sanadutsitse banja lake ndi zoŵeta zake m’chipululu chimenecho.
M’malo mwake, Abrahamu anatsata chigwa cha Mtsinje wa Firate mpaka ku Harana. Kuchokera kumeneko anadutsa njira imene amalonda anali kudutsa mpaka atafika pamalo owolokera ku Karikemesi. Kenako analunjika kum’mwera kudutsa ku Damasiko mpaka anafika kunyanja imene inadzatchedwa Nyanja ya Galileya. Njira yotchedwa Via Maris, kapena kuti “Njira Yodutsa Kunyanja,” inadzera ku Megido mpaka ku Igupto. Koma Abrahamu anadutsa kumapiri a Samariya, ndipo anakhala m’mahema ku Sekemu. Patapita nthaŵi, anapitiriza ulendo wake wa kum’mwera kudutsa njira ya kumapiri imeneyo. M’tsatireni pamene mukuŵerenga Genesis 12:8–13:4. Onani malo ena amene iye anadutsako pamoyo wake: Dani, Damasiko, Hoba, Mamre, Sodomu, Gerari, Beereseba, ndi Moriya (Yerusalemu).—Gen. 14:14-16; 18:1-16; 20:1-18; 21:25-34; 22:1-19.
Kudziŵa za malowo kumathandiza kumvetsa zimene zinachitika pamoyo wa Isake ndi Yakobo. Mwachitsanzo, mmene Abrahamu anali ku Beereseba, kodi n’kuti kumene anatuma wantchito wake kuti akapezere Isake mkazi? Anam’tuma kutali ku Mesopotamiya (kutanthauza, “Dziko la Pakati pa Mitsinje”) ku Padanaramu. Ndiye taganizirani za ulendo wovuta umene Rebeka anayenda pa ngamila kupita ku Negebu, mwina pafupi ndi Kadesi, kukakumana ndi Isake.—Gen. 24:10, 62-64.
Panthaŵi ina m’tsogolo Yakobo (Israyeli) mwana wawo, anayenda ulendo wofananawo kuti akakwatire mkazi wolambira Yehova. Koma pobwerera kwawo, Yakobo anadutsa njira ina. Atawoloka Yaboki pafupi ndi Penieli, Yakobo analimbana ndi mngelo. (Gen. 31:21-25; 32:2, 22-30) Esau anakumana naye m’dera limenelo, ndipo Yakobo ndi Esau anakakhala kumadera osiyana.—Gen. 33:1, 15-20.
Dina mwana wa Yakobo atagwiriridwa ku Sekemu, Yakobo anasamuka kukakhala ku Beteli. Koma kodi mungayerekezere mtunda umene ana a Yakobo anafikako podyetsa nkhosa zake, kumene Yosefe anakawapeza? Mapu ali pano (ndi pamasamba 18-19) angakuthandizeni kuona mtunda umene unali pakati pa Beteli ndi Dotana. (Gen. 35:1-8; 37:12-17) Abale a Yosefe anam’gulitsa kwa amalonda amene anali kupita ku Igupto. Kodi mukuganiza kuti amalondawo, pa chochitika chimene chinachititsa kuti Aisrayeli asamukire ku Igupto ndi kudzachokako, anadutsa njira iti?—Gen. 37:25-28.
[Mapu patsamba 7]
(Onani m’kabuku kenikeni kuti mumvetse izi)
Maulendo a Abrahamu (Onani m’kabuku kenikeni)
Maulendo a Isake (Onani m’kabuku kenikeni)
Maulendo a Yakobo (Onani m’kabuku kenikeni)
Njira Zazikulu (Onani m’kabuku kenikeni)
Maulendo a Makolo Akale
A4 GOSHENI
A5 IGUPTO
B4 SURI
B5 PARANA
C3 Damasiko
C3 Dani (Laisi)
C4 Sekemu
C4 Beteli
C4 Hebroni (Kiriyati-araba)
C4 Gerari
C4 Beereseba
C4 SEIRI
C4 Kadesi
C5 EDOMU
D1 Karikemesi
D2 Tadimori
D3 Hoba
E1 PADANARAMU
E1 Harana
F2 MESOPOTAMIYA
G1 Nineve
G2 FERTILE CRESCENT
G3 Babulo
H4 KALDAYO
H4 Uri
[Mapiri]
C4 Moriya
[Nyanja]
B3 Nyanja ya Mediterranean (Nyanja Yaikulu)
[Mitsinje]
E2 Firate
G2 Tigirisi
Makolo Akale (m’Dziko Lolonjezedwa)
KANANI
Megido
GILEADI
Dotana
Sekemu
Sukoti
Mahanaimu
Penieli
Beteli (Luzi)
Ai
Yerusalemu (Salemu)
Betelehemu (Efrati)
Mamre
Hebroni (Makipela)
Gerari
Beereseba
Sodomu?
NEGEBU
Rehoboti?
Beerelahai-roi
Kadesi
[Njira Zazikulu]
Via Maris
Msewu Wachifumu
[Mapiri]
Moriya
[Nyanja]
Nyanja ya Mchere
[Mitsinje]
Yaboki
Yordano
[Chithunzi patsamba 6]
Mtsinje wa Firate pafupi ndi Babulo
[Chithunzi patsamba 6]
Abrahamu anakhala ku Beereseba ndipo ankadyetsa nkhosa zake chapafupi
[Chithunzi patsamba 6]
Chigwa cha Yaboki