Anabaptists ndi “Chitsanzo cha Mawu Amoyo”

MTUMWI Paulo anachenjeza kuti pambuyo pa imfa yake, Akristu ampatuko, onga “mimbulu yopondereza,” adzalowa pakati pa gulu la Mulungu ndi kufunafuna “ophunzira awatsate.” Ndimotani mmene iwo akachitira ichi? Mwakubweretsa miyambo ndi ziphunzitso zonyenga kuti asokoneze chowonadi cha Malemba.​—Machitidwe 20:29, 30; 1 Timoteo 4:1.

Kaamba ka chifukwa ichi, Paulo anachenjeza mwamuna wachichepere Timoteo kuti: “Gwira chitsanzo cha mawu a moyo, amene udawamva kwa ine, mwa chikhulupiriro ndi chikondi chiri mwa Kristu Yesu. Chosungitsa chokomacho udikire mwa mzimu woyera umene ukhalitsa mwa ife.” Kodi nchiyani chimene chinali “chitsanzo cha mawu a moyo” chimenechi?​—2 Timoteo 1:13, 14.

“Chitsanzo” Chokhazikitsidwa

Mabukhu onse a Malemba a Chikristu a Chigriki anamalizidwa mu zana loyamba la Nyengo Yathu Ino. Ngakhale kuti iwo analembedwa ndi alembi osiyanasiyana, mzimu woyera wa Mulungu, kapena mphamvu yogwira ntchito, inatsimikizira kuti iwo anali ogwirizana osati kokha mkati mwa iwo eni komanso ndi Malemba oyambirira a Chihebri. M’njira imeneyi, “chitsanzo” cha chiphunzitso choyenera cha Malemba chinapangidwa ndipo chinayenera kutsatiridwa ndi Akristu, ngakhale monga mmene Yesu Kristu anakhalira “chitsanzo” kaamba ka iwo kuchitsatira.​—1 Petro 2:21; Yohane 16:12, 13.

Mkati mwa zaka mazana a mdima wauzima wotsatira imfa ya atumwi, nchiyani chimene chinachitika ku “chitsanzo cha mawu amoyo”? Anthu owona mtima ambiri anayesera kupezanso icho, ngakhale kuti kubwezeretsedwa kotheratu inayenera kudikira kufikira “nthaŵi ya mapeto.” (Danieli 12:4) Nthaŵi zina ilo linali liwu la pa lokha, ndipo panthaŵi zina linali gulu lochepa la anthu omwe anali kufunafuna kaamba ka “chitsanzocho.”

MaWaldenses akuwoneka kukhala anali gulu lochepa limenelo.a Iwo anakhala mu France, Italy, ndi mbali zina za Europe mkati mwa mazana 12 mpaka 14. Kuchokera ku gulu la machitachita limeneli Anabaptist (Okhulupirira mu Chipembedzo cha anthu ofikapo ndi auchete kulinga ku ndale zadziko) nawonso anabuka. Kodi iwo anali ndani, ndipo nchiyani chimene iwo anakhulupirira?

Ziphunzitso Zenizeni

Anabaptist poyamba anakhala odziŵika pafupifupi chaka cha 1525, mu Zurich, Switzerland. Kuchokera ku mzinda umenewo zikhulupiriro zawo zinafalikira mofulumira ku mbali zambiri za Europe. Kukonzanso koyambirira kwa mu zana la 16 kunapanga masinthidwe ena, koma m’maso mwa Anabaptist, icho sichinapite patali mokwanira.

Mu chikhumbo chawo cha kubwerera ku ziphunzitso Zachikristu za mu zana loyamba, iwo anakana zambiri za nthanthi za Roma Katolika kuposa mmene anachitira Martin Luther ndi okonzanso ena. Mwachitsanzo, Anabaptist anasunga kuti pangakhale kokha kudzipereka kwa akulu kwa Kristu. Pa chifukwa cha kachitidwe kawo ka ubatizo wa akulu, ngakhale munthu yemwe anali wobatizidwa monga mwana, iwo anapatsidwa dzina lakuti “Anabaptist” lomwe limatanthauza “obatizanso.”​—Mateyu 28:19; Machitidwe 2:41; 8:12; 10:44-48.

“Kwa Anabaptist Tchalitchi chenicheni chinali mayanjano a anthu okhulupirira,” analemba tero Dr. R. J. Smithson mu bukhu lake lakuti The Anabaptists​—Their Contribution to Our Protestant Heritage. Monga tero, iwo anadzilingalira iwo eni kukhala chitaganya cha akhulupiriri mkati mwa mudzi monga onse ndipo pachiyambi iwo analibe utumiki wophunzitsidwa mwapadera, kapena wokhala ndi malipiro. Mofanana ndi ophunzira a Yesu, iwo anali alaliki oyendayenda omwe anachezera mizinda ndi midzi, kulankhula kwa anthu pa malo a malonda, malo ogwirapo ntchito, ndi zinyumba.​—Mateyu 9:35; 10:5-7, 11-13; Luka 10:1-3.

Munthu aliyense wa Anabaptist anali kulingaliridwa mwaumwini woŵerengera kwa Mulungu, kusangalala ndi ufulu wa chosankha ndi kusonyeza chikhulupiriro chake mwa ntchito zake, komabe kuzindikira kuti chikhulupiriro sichimabwera kuchokera ku ntchito zokha. Ngati winawake analakwira chikhulupiriro, iye akanachotsedwa mu mpingo. Kubwezeretsedwanso kunatsatira kokha pambuyo pa chitsimikiziro cha kulapa koyenera.​—1 Akorinto 5:11-13; yerekezani ndi 2 Akorinto 12:21.

Kawonedwe Kawo ka Dziko

Anabaptist anazindikira kuti iwo sangasinthe dziko. Ngakhale kuti Tchalitchi chinakhala chogwirizana ndi Boma kuyambira m’nthaŵi ya wolamulira wa Chiroma Constantine mu zana lachinayi C.E., kwa iwo ichi sichinatanthauze kuti Boma linakhala Lachikristu. Kuchokera pa chimene Yesu anali atanena, iwo anadziŵa kuti Mkristu “sayenera kukhala mbali ya dziko,” ngakhale ngati ichi chidzatulukamo m’chizunzo.​—Yohane 17:15, 16; 18:36.

Pamene panalibe kuwombana pakati pa chikumbumtima cha Chikristu ndi zikondwerero za kudziko, Anabaptist anazindikira kuti moyenera Boma liyenera kulemekezedwa ndi kumvereredwa. Koma Anabaptist sakanadzilowetsa mu ndale zadziko, kukhala ndi malo a ulamuliro, kukhala woweruza milandu, kapena kupereka malumbiro. Akumakana mitundu yonse ya chiwawa ndi mphamvu, iye sakanatenganso mbali mu nkhondo kapena utumiki wa nkhondo.​—Marko 12:17; Machitidwe 5:29; Aroma 13:1-7; 2 Akorinto 10:3, 4.

Anabaptist anasungilira mkhalidwe wa makhalidwe abwino wapamwamba m’moyo wodekha wodzichepetsa, kwenikweni omasuka ku zinthu za kuthupi ndi zikhumbo. Chifukwa cha chikondi chawo kaamba ka wina ndi mnzake, iwo kaŵirikaŵiri anakhazikitsa malo, ngakhale kuti ambiri a iwo anakana kukhala kwa pa gulu limodzi monga njira ya moyo. Pa maziko akuti chirichonse chiri cha Mulungu, ngakhale kuli tero, iwo nthaŵi zonse anali okonzekera kugwiritsira ntchito zinthu zawo zakuthupi kaamba ka ubwino wa osauka.​—Machitidwe 2:42-45.

Kupyolera mu kuphunzira kosamalitsa kwa Baibulo, makamaka Malemba a Chikristu a Chigriki, Anabaptist ena anakana kulandira chiphunzitso cha Utatu cha anthu atatu mwa Mulungu mmodzi, monga mmene zina za zolemba zawo zimatsimikizirira. Njira yawo ya kulambira mochulukira inali yopepuka, yokhala ndi Mgonero wa Ambuye ukukhala ndi malo apamwamba. Akumakana kawonedwe ka mwambo ka Roma Katolika, Lutheran, ndi Calvinistic, iwo anawona kachitidweka ka kukumbukira monga chikumbutso cha imfa ya Yesu. “Kwa iwo,” akulemba R. J. Smithson, “kanali kachitidwe kolemekezeka koposa m’kamene Mkristu akanatengamo mbali, kuphatikizapo kukonzanso kwa pangano la wokhulupirirayo kupereka moyo wake mosadzimana ku utumiki wa Kristu.”

Chizunzo​—Ndi Pambuyo Pake

Anabaptist sanamvetsetsedwe, monga mmene analiri Akristu oyambirira. Mofanana ndi iwo, iwo anawonedwa monga akutembenuza dongosolo lokhazikitsidwa la chitaganya, ‘kusanduliza dziko lokhalamo anthu.’ (Machitidwe 17:6) Mu Zurich, Switzerland, olamulira, mogwirizana ndi wokonzanso Huldrych Zwingli, mwapadera anatenga mlandu ndi Anabaptist kaamba ka kukana kwawo kubatiza makanda. Mu 1527 iwo mwankhalwe anamiza m’madzi Felix Manz, mmodzi wa atsogoleri a Anabaptist, ndipo chotero mowaŵitsa anazunza Anabaptist a mu Switzerland kotero kuti iwo anatsala pang’ono kuthedwa kotheratu.

Mu Germany Anabaptist anazunzidwa mowawitsa ponse paŵiri ndi Akatolika ndi a Protesitanti. Lamulo la boma, lofalitsidwa chaka cha 1528, linapereka chilango cha imfa pa aliyense amene anakhala Anabaptist​—ndipo popanda mtundu wina uliwonse wa mlandu. Chizunzo mu Austria chinapangitsa Anabaptist ambiri kufunafuna populumukira mu Moravia, Bohemia, ndi Poland, ndipo kenaka mu Hungary ndi Russia.

Ndi imfa ya ambiri a atsogoleri oyambirira, chinali chosapeweka kuti Anabaptist okhala ndi malingaliro onkitsa osiyanako anakhala patsogolo. Anabweretsa limodzi nawo kusalinganizika komwe kunatsogolera ku chisokonezo chokulira ndipo chotsatiridwa ndi kugwa kuchoka ku kaimidwe komwe kanaika chizindikiro pa masiku oyambirira. Ichi chinali chodziŵikiratu momvetsa chisoni mu chaka cha 1534, pamene Anabaptist okhala ndi malingaliro onkitsa osiyanako amenewo mokakamiza analanda ulamuliro wa boma wa Münster, Westphalia. Chaka chotsatira mzindawo unalandidwanso pakati pa kukhetsa mwazi kokulira ndi chizunzo. Nkhani imeneyi inali yosagwirizana ndi chiphunzitso chowona cha Anabaptist ndipo chinachita zambiri kuwamvetsa manyanzi iwo. Atsatiri ena anasankha kukana dzina la Anabaptist m’kuyanja dzina lakuti “Baptists.” Koma mosasamala kanthu kuti ndi dzina lotani limene anasankha, iwo anakhalabe minkhole ya chitsutso ndi Kufufuza kwa Chikatolika mwapadera.

Kenaka, magulu a Anabaptist anasamuka mu kufunafuna ufulu wokulirapo ndi mtendere. Lerolino, timapeza iwo mu North ndi South America, limodzinso ndi mu Europe. Zipembedzo zambiri zayambukiridwa ndi ziphunzitso zawo zoyamba, kuphatikizapo maQuaker, maBaptists amakono, ndi maPlymouth Brethren. MaQuaker ndi Anabaptist amagawana udani wa nkhondo wa Anabaptist ndi lingaliro la kutsogozedwa ndi ‘kuwala kwa mkati.’

Kupulumuka kwa Anabaptist kukuwonekera bwino kwambiri lerolino mu magulu aŵiri odziŵika. Gulu loyamba liri la Hutterian Brethren, lotchedwa dzina pambuyo pa mtsogoleri wawo wa zana la 16, Jacob Hutter. Iwo anayambitsa kukhala kwa m’midzi mu England, Western Canada, Paraguay, ndi South Dakota mu United States. MaMennonite ali gulu lina. Iwo amatenga dzina lawo kuchokera ku Menno Simons, amene anachita zochuluka kuchotsa mbiri yoipa yomwe inatsalira pa Netherlands pambuyo pa nkhani ya Münster. Simons anafa mu 1561. Lerolino, maMennonite amapezeka mu Europe ndi North America, limodzi ndi Amish Mennonites.

“Chitsanzocho” Lerolino

Ngakhale kuti Anabaptist angakhale anasankha “chitsanzo cha mawu amoyo,” iwo sanapambane m’kupeza icho. Ndiponso, m’bukhu lake la A History of Christianity, K. S. Latourette anawona kuti: “Amishonale amene poyambirira anali okangalika, chizunzo chinawapangitsa iwo kudzibweza mwa iwo okha ndi kudzikweza iwo eni mwa kubadwa osati mwa kutembenuzidwa.” Ndipo chofananacho chiri chowona ngakhale tsopano lino popeza za magulu ochepa amenewo omwe angapezedwe amachitachita awo Anabaptist. Chikhumbo chawo cha kuima pambali kuchokera ku dziko ndi njira zake chawatsogoza iwo ku kusunga njira ya kavalidwe kapadera, kolimbikitsidwa ndi moyo wawo wa m’mudzi wodzipatula wa kaŵirikaŵiri.

Chotero, pamenepo kodi “chitsanzo cha mawu amoyo” chingapezedwedi lerolino? Inde, koma icho chimatenga nthaŵi ndi chikondi kaamba ka chowonadi kuchipeza icho. Bwanji osafufuza ndi kuwona ngati zimene mumakhulupirira zimagwirizana ndi “chitsanzo” chovumbulidwa mwaumulungu? Sichiri chovuta kugamulapo chimene chiri chopangidwa ndi mwambo wa anthu ndi chimene chiri nsonga ya m’Malemba. Mboni za Yehova kumalo anu zidzakuthandizani mwachimwemwe, popeza izo zimayamikira njira imene zathandizidwira kumvetsetsa “chitsanzo cha mawu amoyo.”

[Mawu a M’munsi]

[Chithunzi patsamba 23]

Mboni za Yehova zimathandiza ambiri kumvetsetsa “chitsanzo cha mawu amoyo”