Zowonadi Ponena za Helo

MWACHIDZIŴIKIRE, chiphunzitso chochirikiza chikhulupiriro cha chilango pambuyo pa imfa chiri chija chakuti munthu weniweni samafa pamene thupi launyama lifa koma kuti chinachake​—kaŵirikaŵiri chotchedwa moyo​—chimapulumuka imfa ya thupi. Chikhulupiriro chimenechi, monga mmene tawonera mu nkhani yapitayo, chinayambira kumbuyoko kwa Asumeria ndi Ababulo akale mu Mesopotamiya. Pambuyo pake, chinatengedwa ndi Agriki, amene anthanthi awo, onga ngati Plato, anakometsera nthanthiyo. Zikhulupiriro zawo za mbali ziŵiri zowongoleredwa mu “thupi ndi moyo” zinakhala mbali ya chikhulupiriro Chachiyuda chopatuka.

Kodi ndi liti pamene odzinenera kukhala Akristu anatengera chikhulupiriro cha moyo wa pambuyo pa imfa chimenechi? Ndithudi osati m’nthaŵi ya Yesu ndi atumwi ake. Encyclopædia Universalis Yachifalansa ikulongosola kuti: “[Apocryphal] Apocalypse of Peter (zaka za zana la 2 C.E.) linali bukhu loyambirira Lachikristu kulongosola chilango ndi zizunzo za ochimwa mu helo.”

M’chenicheni, chikuwoneka kuti pakati pa abambo oyambirira a tchalitchi, panali kusamvana kokulira ponena za helo. Justin Martyr, Clement wa ku Alexandria, Tertullian, ndi Cyprian anachirikiza helo wamoto. Origen anayesera kuwongolera helo, mwakunena kuti ochimwa omwe ali mu helo m’kupita kwa nthaŵi akapulumutsidwa. Iye anatsatiridwa ku mlingo wokulira kapena wochepera ndi Gregory wa ku Nazianzus ndi Gregory wa ku Nyssa. Koma Augustine anathetsa malingaliro opepuka oterowo a helo. M’bukhu lake lakuti Early Christian Doctrines, J. N. D. Kelly profesa wa ku Oxford akulemba kuti: “Pofika m’zaka za zana lachisanu chiphunzitso chotsimikizirika chakuti ochimwa sakakhalanso ndi mwaŵi wachiŵiri pambuyo pa moyo uwu ndikuti moto umene udzawapsyereza sudzazimidwa konse chinali chofalikira kulikonse.”

Ponena za purigatoriyo, bukhu lakuti Orpheus​—A General History of Religions likulongosola kuti: “St. Augustine anachirikiza kuti panali mkhalidwe wapakati wa kuphunzitsidwa pakati pa chimwemwe chachikulu cha mtsogolo ndi chilango, chija cha kuyeretsedwa kwa miyoyo ndi moto. Izi ndi ziphunzitso za Orphic [Chigriki chachikunja] ndi Virgilian [Chiroma chachikunja] cha Purigatoriyo: palibe liwu lonena za icho mu Mauthenga Abwino. . . . Chiphunzitso cha Purigatoriyo . . . chinapangidwa m’zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chimodzi, ndi kulengezedwa kukhala chiphunzitso choikidwiratu cha Tchalitchi ndi Bungwe la Florence (1439).” New Catholic Encyclopedia ikuvomereza kuti: “Chiphunzitso Chachikatolika cha purigatoriyo chinazikidwa pa mwambo, osati Malemba Opatulika.” Ponena za Limbo, Kadinala Ratzinger wa ku Roma akuvomereza kuti “liridi lingaliro la maphunziro a zaumulungu.”

Sipakhala Chilango Pambuyo pa Imfa

Bwanji, ngakhale ndi tero, ponena za Baibulo? Kodi limanena kuti moyo umapulumuka thupi pa imfa ndipo chotero ungapatsidwe chilango mu helo wamoto kapena purigatoriyo? New Catholic Encyclopedia ikulongosola kuti: “Lingaliro la kupulumuka kwa moyo pambuyo pa imfa silikuwonekera m’Baibulo. . . . Moyo mu C[hipangano] C[hakale] sumatanthauza mbali ya munthu, koma munthu wathunthu​—munthu monga chinthu chamoyo. Mofananamo, mu C[hipangano] C[hatsopano] umatanthauza moyo wamunthu: moyo wa aliyense payekha.”

Chotero maziko aliwonse a chilango pambuyo pa imfa akuthetsedwa. Baibulo limanena kuti: “Moyo wochimwawo udzafa.” (Ezekieli 18:4, Revised Standard Version, Kufalitsidwa Kwachikatolika) Ilo limalengezanso kuti: “Malipiro a chimo ndi imfa.” (Aroma 6:23, RSV) Chotero, pamene Baibulo limalankhula za anthu oipa osalapa kukhala akuthera mu “Gehena,” “moto wosatha,” kapena “nyanja ya moto,” ilo likungogwiritsira ntchito chinenero chophiphiritsira kulankhula za kulandira kwawo chilango cha imfa yosatha, “imfa yachiŵiri.”​—Mateyu 23:33; 25:41, 46; Chibvumbulutso 20:14; 21:8;a yerekezani ndi 2 Atesalonika 1:7-9.

Helo Adzathetsedwa ndi Chiwukiriro

Pamenepo, kodi helo ngotentha? Osati mogwirizana ndi Baibulo. Ndithudi, mawu Achihebri ndi Achigriki otembenuzidwa m’Mabaibulo ena kukhala “helo” amangotanthauza manda wamba a anthu akufa. Iwo sali malo otentha a chizunzo. M’malomwake, iwo ali malo ampumulo, kumene akufa adzachokerako m’chiwukiriro. (Mlaliki 9:10; Machitidwe 24:15) Oscar Cullmann, profesa wa Theological Faculty ya Yunivesiti ya Basel, Switzerland, ndi wa Sorbonne mu Paris, akunena za “kusiyana kopambanitsa pakati pa chiyembekezo Chachikristu cha chiwukiriro cha akufa ndi chikhulupiriro Chachigriki m’kusafa kwa moyo.” Molondola, iye akunena kuti “chenicheni chakuti Chikristu cha pambuyo pake chinalunzanitsa zikhulupiriro ziŵirizo . . . sichiri m’chenicheni chilunzanitso konse koma kukana china [chiphunzitso cha Baibulo cha chiwukiriro] m’kuyanja chinacho [chikhulupiriro chachikunja cha kusafa kwa moyo wa munthu].”​—Kanyenye ngwathu.

Mboni za Yehova sizinakane chikhulupiriro chawo m’chiwukiriro m’kuyanja lingaliro la kusafa kwa moyo. Iwo adzakhala osangalatsidwa kugawana nanu chiyembekezo chawo chachimwemwe ndi kukutsimikizirani kuchokera m’Baibulo kuti, kunena zowonadi, helo sali wotentha.

[Mawu a M’munsi]