Kuchokera kwa Mayi wa Dziko Lapansi Kumka ku Milungu Yaikazi Yakubala

KODI mumzindikira mulungu wamkazi wosonyezedwa pachikuto cha magazini ano? Ndiye Isis, mulungu mayi wamakedzana wa ku Igupto. Ngati munachezerapo nyumba yosungira zinthu zamakedzana kapena kuŵerenga bukhu la mbiri yakale, mwinamwake munawawonapo kale mafano ofanana nalo. Komabe talingalirani ichi: Kodi mungamgwadire ndi kumlambira mulungu wamkazi Isis?

Ngati muli m’chimodzi cha zipembedzo za Chikristu Chadziko, limenelo lingamvekere kukhala funso lachilendo. Mosakaikira mudzaumirira kuti mumalambira Mlengi, Amene timalankhula naye kuti, “Atate wathu amene muli kumwamba.” (Mateyu 6:9, King James Version) Lingaliro lakugwadira mulungu mayi lingawoneke lachilendo, ngakhale lonyansa. Chikhalirechobe, kulambira koteroko kwakhala kofala m’mbiri yonse, ndipo mungadabwe kudziŵa kwenikweni amene amalambira mulungu mayi wamkuluyo lerolino.

Komabe, tisanakambitsirane zimenezo, tiyeni tipeze chiyambi chake mwakulingalira kufala kwa kulambira mulungu mayi m’nthaŵi zamakedzana. Mtundu umenewu wa kulambira umawoneka kuti unali mpangidwe woyambirira wa chipembedzo chonyenga. Mafano a milungu amayi yamaliseche anafukulidwa ndi akatswiri ofufuza zam’mabwinja ku malo amakedzana m’Yuropu yonse ndiponso kuchokera ku maiko a Mediterranean mpaka ku India.

Mayi wa Dziko Lapansi anali kuwonedwa kukhala magwero okhazikika a mitundu yonse ya moyo, wopereka moyo ndiyeno nkuutenganso iyemwini pa imfa. Pokhala wotero, iye ankalambiridwa komanso ankawopedwa. Choyamba, anthu anakhulupirira kuti, mphamvu zake zakubala sizinali zakugonana. Ndiyeno, mogwirizana ndi nthanthi, iye anabala Tate wa Thambo lamphongo nakhala mkazi wake. Okwatirana ameneŵa anabala milungu ndi milungu yaikazi ina yosaŵerengeka.

Chitsanzo Choyambirira cha ku Babulo

Pakati pa milungu yozindikiridwa mwalamulo ya ku Babulo, Ishtar anali mulungu wamkazi wamkulu, wofanana ndi Innanna mulungu wamkazi wakubala wa ku Sumer. Modabwitsa, iye anali ponse paŵiri mulungu wamkazi wa nkhondo ndi mulungu wamkazi wa chikondi ndi chilakolako. M’bukhu lake lakuti Les Religions de Babylonie et d’Assyrie (Zipembedzo za ku Babulo ndi Asuri), katswiri wa ku Falansa Édouard Dhorme anati ponena za Ishtar: “Iye anali mulungu wamkazi, dona, mayi wachifundo yemwe amamvetsera mapemphero ndi kuteteza pamaso pa milungu yokwiya ndi kuitonthoza. . . . Iye anakwezedwa pamwamba pa yonse, anakhala mulungu wamkazi wa milungu yaikazi, mfumukazi ya milungu yonse, mfumu ya milungu ya kumwamba ndi padziko lapansi.”

Olambira Ishtar ankamutcha “Namwali,” “Namwali Woyera,” ndi “Mayi Namwali.” “Pemphero Lochonderera Ishtar” lamakedzana la ku Sumer ndi Akadi limati: “Ndipemphera kwa inu, O Dona wa madona, mulungu wamkazi wa milungu yaikazi. O Ishtar, mfumukazi ya anthu onse. . . . O mwinimphamvu zonse zaumulungu, wovala korona wa ulamuliro. . . . Nyumba za mapemphero, malo oyera, malo opatulika, ndipo tiakachisi timakulabadirani. . . . Ndani afanana nanu? . . . Ndiwoneni O Dona wanga; landirani mapemphero anga.”a

Kulambira Mulungu Mayi Kufalikira

Katswiri wa zakum’maŵa Édouard Dhorme akunena za “kufutukuka kwa kulambira Ishtar.” Kunafalikira m’Mesopotamia monse, ndipo kaya Ishtar iyemwini kapena milungu yaikazi yokhala ndi maina osiyana koma mikhalidwe yofanana inkalambiridwa m’Igupto, Foinike, ndi Kanani, limodzinso ndi ku Anatolia (Asia Minor), Girisi, ndi Italiya.

Mulungu mayi wamkulu wolambiridwa m’Igupto anali Isis. Katswiri wa mbiri yakale H. G. Wells analemba kuti: “Isis anakopa okhulupirira ambiri, omwe anawinda miyoyo yawo kwa iye. Mafano ake anali m’kachisi, wodziŵika monga Mfumukazi ya Kumwamba ndipo ananyamula khanda lotchedwa Horus. Makandulo ankayaka mowala ndi kuyedzamira pansi pamaso pake, ndipo nsembe za chiyamikiro zopangidwa kuchokera ku phula zinalenjekeka ponseponse m’kakachisiko.” (The Outline of History) Kulambira Isis kunali kotchuka kwambiri m’Igupto. Kunafalikiranso ku dera lonse la Mediterranean, makamaka ku Girisi ndi Roma, ngakhale kufika kumpoto ndi kumadzulo kwa Yuropu.

Ku Foinike ndi Kanani, kulambira mulungu mayi kunasumikidwa pa Asitoreti, kapena Astarte, wolingaliridwa kukhala mkazi wa Baala. Mofanana ndi mnzake wa ku Babulo, Ishtar, iye anali ponse paŵiri mulungu wamkazi wakubala ndi wankhondo. Ku Igupto, zolembedwa zamakedzana zapezedwa mmene Astarte akutchedwa dona wa kumwamba ndi mfumukazi ya miyamba. Aisrayeli anafunikira kulimbana mokhazikika ndi chisonkhezero choluluza cha kulambira mulungu wamkazi wakubala ameneyu.

Kumpoto koma chakumadzulo kwa Anatolia, wolingana ndi Ishtar anali Cybele, wodziŵika monga Mayi Wamkulu wa milungu. Iye anatchedwanso Nakubala wa Onse, Wosamalira Onse, Mayi wa onse Odalitsidwa. Kuchokera ku Anatolia dzoma la kulambira Cybele linafalikira choyamba ku Girisi ndiyeno ku Roma, kumene linakhala kufikira Nyengo Ino. Kulambira mulungu wamkazi wakubala ameneyu kunaphatikizapo kuvina komwereketsa maganizo, kudzichekacheka kwa ansembe, kudzifula kwa oyembekezeredwa kukhala ansembe, ndi madzoma mmene fano la mulungu wamkaziyo linanyamulidwa mwaulemerero.b

Agiriki osatsungula analambira mulungu Mayi wa Dziko Lapansi wotchedwa Gaea. Koma milungu yawo yozindikiridwa mwalamulo inaphatikizapo milungu yaikazi ya mtundu wa Ishtar, monga ngati Aphrodite, mulungu wamkazi wakubala ndi chikondi; Athena, mulungu wamkazi wa nkhondo; ndi Demeter, mulungu wamkazi wa malimidwe.

Ku Roma, Venus anali mulungu wamkazi wa chikondi ndipo, pokhala wotero, analingana ndi Aphrodite wa ku Girisi ndi Ishtar wa ku Babulo. Komabe, Aroma analambiranso milungu yaikazi monga Isis, Cybele, ndi Minerva (Athena wa ku Girisi), yonse yosonyeza kufanana kwakukulu ndi Ishtar Wachibabulo mwa njira ina kapena inzake.

Mowonekera bwino, kwazaka zikwi zambiri, kulambira mulungu mayi kunali mdani wamphamvu wa kulambira kowona kwa Mlengi wamkulu, Yehova. Kodi kulambira mulungu mayi wamkuluyo kunatha? Kapena kodi kwakhalako kufikira lerolino? Chonde pitirizani kuŵerenga.

[Mawu a M’munsi]

[Chithunzi patsamba 3]

ISHTAR wa ku Babulo wolingaliridwa kukhala nyenyezi

[Mawu a Chithunzi]

Mwachilolezo cha The British Museum

[Chithunzi patsamba 4]

ISIS wa ku Igupto ndi Horus, mulungu wakhanda

[Mawu a Chithunzi]

Musée du Louvre, Paris