Kodi Uchimo Mumauwona Motani?

“KODI nchifukwa ninji nthaŵi zonse iye amapempha chikhululukiro cha machimo athu popemphera?” anadandaula motero mkazi wina amene ankaphunzira Baibulo ndi mmodzi wa Mboni za Yehova. “Zimamveka ngati kuti ndine waupandu.” Mofanana ndi mkazi ameneyu, ambiri lerolino samadziŵa ponena za machimo awo pokhapo atachita upandu.

Ziri motero makamaka Kummaŵa, kumene anthu mwachizoloŵezi alibe lingaliro la uchimo wacholoŵa monga momwe kumaphunzitsidwa m’zipembedzo zophatikiza Chiyuda ndi Chikristu. (Genesis 3:1-5, 16-19; Aroma 5:12) Mwachitsanzo, Ashinto amawona uchimo kukhala ngati litsilo limene lingachotsedwe mosavuta ndi ndodo ya wansembe, yokhala ndi pepala kapena nsalu kunsonga kwake. M’kachitidweka, palibe kulapa kumene kumafunikira pa choipa chimene chachitidwa. Chifukwa ninji? “Simachitidwe oipa okha, komanso masoka achilengedwe osapeŵeka, anatchedwa tsumi [uchimo],” imafotokoza motero Kodansha Encyclopedia of Japan. Masoka achilengedwe, tsumi amene samachititsidwa ndi anthu, analingaliridwa kukhala machimo amene anakhoza kuchotsedwa ndi madzoma akuyeretsa.

Izi zinachititsa ganizo lakuti uchimo uliwonse, ngakhale machitidwe oipa ochitidwa mwadala (kusiyapo machitidwe aupandu ofunikira chilango cha lamulo) akhoza kuchotsedwa mwa madzoma akuyeretsa. Pansi pa mutu wakuti “Dzoma la Kuyeretsa Kwandale m’Japan,” The New York Times inasonya ku lingaliro loterolo ndi kufotokoza kuti andale m’Japani amene adziloŵetsa m’milandu yonyazitsa amadzilingalira kukhala “oyeretsedwa” pamene asankhidwanso ndi oponya voti. Chotero, palibe kuwongokera kwenikweni kumene kumachitidwa, ndipotu milandu yonyazitsayo ingachitidwenso mobwerezabwereza.

Abuddha amene amakhulupirira samsara, kapena kubadwanso, ndi chiphunzitso cha Karma ali ndi lingaliro losiyana. “Malinga ndi chiphunzitso cha karman,” ikulongosola motero The New Encyclopædia Britannica, “machitidwe abwino amadzetsa zotulukapo zabwino ndi zokondweretsa ndipo amabala chikhoterero chakulondola zochita zabwino zofananazo, pamene machitidwe oipa amadzetsa zotulukapo zoipa ndipo amabala chikhoterero chakulondola zochita zoipa.” M’mawu ena, machitidwe auchimo amabala zipatso zoipa. Chiphunzitso cha Karma chimagwirizanitsidwa kwambiri ndi kubadwanso, monga momwe okhulupirira Karma ena amanenedwera kukhala ndi zotulukapo m’miyoyo yakutsogolo kotalikirana kwambiri ndi moyo umene choipacho chinachitidwa.

Kodi ndimotani mmene chiphunzitsochi chimayambukirira ochikhulupirira? Mkazi Wachibuddha amene anakhulupirira Karma ndi mtima wonse anati: “Ndinalingalira kuti sikunali kwanzeru kuti ndivutike kaamba ka chinthu chimene ndinabadwa nacho koma chimene sindinachidziŵe mpang’ono ponse. Ndinangochilandira monga choikidwiratu changa. Kuimba mawu akupembedzera ndi kuyesayesa zolimba kukhala ndi moyo wabwino sikunathandize konse. Ndinakhala ndi mtima wapachala ndi wosakhutiritsidwa, wodandaula nthaŵi zonse.” Chiphunzitso cha Chibuddha chonena za zotulukapo za machitidwe oipa chinampangitsa kudziyesa wopanda pake.

Chikonfyushani, chipembedzo china Chakummaŵa, chinaphunzitsa njira ina yochitira ndi kuipa kwaumunthu. Malinga ndi Hsün-tzu, mmodzi wa atatu anthanthi Achikonfyushasi omveka kwambiri, chibadwa cha munthu ndicho kuchita zoipa ndi kukhoterera padyera. Ndi cholinga chakusungitsa kakhalidwe kadongosolo pakati pa anthu azikhoterero zauchimo, iye anagogomezera kufunika kwa li, amene amatanthauza choyenerera, ulemu, ndi dongosolo la zinthu. Meng-tzu, wanthanthi Wachikonfyushasi ngakhale kuti anapereka lingaliro losiyana la chibadwa cha munthu, anavomereza kukhalapo kwa zoipa za kakhalidwe ndipo, akukhulupirira kuti chibadwa cha munthu chinali chabwino, anadalira pa kudziwongolera kwa munthuwe kukhala mankhwala. Mwambali zonse ziŵirizo, anthanthi Achikonfyushasi anaphunzitsa kufunika kwa maphunziro ndi kulangizidwa kuti agonjetse uchimo m’dziko. Ngakhale kuti ziphunzitso zawo zimagwirizana pakufunika kwa li, lingaliro lawo la uchimo ndi choipa nlosamvekera bwino.​—Yerekezerani ndi Salmo 14:3; 51:5.

Lingaliro Lomazimiririka la Uchimo Kumadzulo

Kumadzulo, malingaliro onena za uchimo mwachizoloŵezi akhala odziŵikiratu, ndipo anthu ochuluka avomereza kuti uchimo ulipodi ndipo uyenera kupeŵedwa. Komabe, kaimidwe kamaganizo ka anthu a Kumadzulo ponena za uchimo kakusintha. Ambiri amatsutsa lingaliro la uchimo, akumanena kuti kuvutika ndi chikumbumtima ndiko “liwongo,” chinthu choyenera kupeŵedwa. Zoposa zaka 40 zapitazo, Papa Pius XII anadzuma kuti: “Uchimo wa zaka za zana lino ndiwo kutaikiridwa ndi lingaliro lonse la uchimo.” Malinga ndi kupenda kofalitsidwa mu Le Pèlerin Yachikatolika ya mlungu ndi mlungu, chiŵerengero chodabwitsa cha 90 peresenti ya anthu mu Falansa, kumene anthu ochuluka ali Aroma Katolika, samakhulupiriranso uchimo.

Ndithudi, Kummaŵa ndi Kumadzulo, anthu ochuluka tsopano akuwonekera kukhala ndi moyo wokhutiritsa wosawona upandu popanda kuvutitsidwa ndi lingaliro la uchimo. Komabe, kodi zimenezi zimatanthauza kuti uchimo kulibeko? Kodi tingathe kuunyalanyaza ndi kukhalabe bwino? Kodi uchimo udzachoka konse?