Mafunso Ochokera kwa Oŵerenga
Kodi mawu akuti “wopatsidwa mphatso ya mzimu,” opezeka pa 1 Akorinto 14:37 (NW), amatanthauza kuti munthu walandira mzimu woyera m’lingaliro la kukhala wodzozedwa, kapena kodi amatanthauza kuti ali ndi mphatso yozizwitsa ya mzimu?
Mu New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures, vesi limeneli limati: “Ngati wina aganiza kuti ndimneneri kapena wopatsidwa mphatso ya mzimu, azindikiretu zinthu zimene ndilikulemba kwa inu, chifukwa zili malamulo a Ambuye.”—1 Akorinto 14:37.
Woŵerenga angatenge mawuwo “wopatsidwa mphatso ya mzimu” kukhala akunena za mfundo yakuti Akristu a m’zaka za zana loyamba anadzozedwa ndi mzimu nakhala ana auzimu a Mulungu. Kapena mawuwo angamvedwe kukhala akunena za munthu amene analandira mphatso yapadera ya mzimu woyera. Tanthauzo lotherali ndilo lotheka, monga momwe nkhani yonseyo ikusonyezera.
Mtumwi Paulo panopa anagwiritsira ntchito liwu Lachigiriki lakuti pneu·ma·ti·kosʹ, limene lili ndi tanthauzo lalikulu la “chonena za mzimu, uzimu.” Mitundu yake imagwiritsiridwa ntchito m’mafotokozedwe akuti “thupi lauzimu,” “dalitso lonse la mzimu,” “chidziŵitso cha mzimu,” ndi “nyumba yauzimu.”—1 Akorinto 15:44; Aefeso 1:3; Akolose 1:9; 1 Petro 2:5.
M’malo ameneŵo, Baibulo likusonyeza chinthu (thupi, dalitso, chidziŵitso, nyumba) chimene liwu la “uzimu” likufotokoza. Koma m’malo ena, tanthauzo ndi kumasulira koyenera kwa “uzimu” ziyenera kupezedwa m’nkhani yonse. Mwachitsanzo, lemba la 1 Akorinto 2:14, 15 limasiyanitsa mkhalidwe wamaganizo wa munthu wachibadwidwe ndi uja wa ho pneu·ma·ti·kosʹ, umene moyenerera ukutanthauza “munthu wauzimu.”
Lemba la 1 Akorinto machaputala 12 mpaka 14 likusimba za mphatso zozizwitsa za mzimu woyera. Mulungu anapereka zimenezi kwa Akristu ena oyambirira kusonyeza kuti sanalinso kugwiritsira ntchito Israyeli wakuthupi koma tsopano anali kudalitsa “Israyeli wa Mulungu” Wachikristu. (Agalatiya 6:16) Ponena za mphatso zimenezi, Paulo analemba kuti: “Ndipo pali mphatso zosiyana, koma mzimu [womwewo].” (1 Akorinto 12:4) Nzeru yapadera, chidziŵitso, ndi chikhulupiriro zinali zina za mphatso za mzimu, monga momwe kunaliri kunenera, kulankhula malilime, ndi kumasulira malilime.—1 Akorinto 12:8-11.
Akristu a ku Korinto amene Paulo analembera anadzozedwa ndi mzimu woyera wa Mulungu. Paulo anati: “Koma munasambitsidwa, koma munayeretsedwa, koma munayesedwa olungama, m’dzina la Ambuye Yesu Kristu, ndi mwa mzimu wa Mulungu wathu.” (1 Akorinto 6:11; 12:13) Inde, onse analandira “chikole [cha zimene zilinkudza, ndicho, NW] mzimu.” (2 Akorinto 5:5) Komabe, sionse amene analandira mphatso yapadera kupyolera mwa mzimu woyera. Ndipo kukuoneka kuti ambiri anakopeka ndi kulankhula malilime, akuona mphatso imeneyi kukhala yofunika mopambanitsa. Paulo analemba kuwongolera kalingaliridwe kawo natchula kuti malilime sakapindula anthu ambiri monga momwe ikachitira mphatso ya kunenera. Pamapeto pa chaputala 12, Paulo analangiza Akorinto kuti: “Funitsitsani mphatso zoposa.”—1 Akorinto 12:28-31.
Ndiyeno, kuchiyambi kwa chaputala 14, iye anafulumiza kuti: “Tsatani chikondi; koma funitsitsani [ta pneu·ma·ti·kaʹ], koma koposa kuti mukanenere.” Kufuna chiyani? Akristu amenewo sanafukire kufunitsitsa kudzozedwa ndi mzimu, pakuti anali kale otero. Moyenera Paulo anatanthauza “mphatso” za mzimu, zimene iye, pamapeto pa chaputala 12, anawafulumiza kufunafuna. Chifukwa chake, New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures imamasulira 1 Akorinto 14:1 kuti: “Pitirizani mwachangu kufunafuna mphatso zauzimu.” Mabaibulo ena panopa amamasulira ta pneu·ma·ti·kaʹ kukhala “mphatso zauzimu” kapena “mphatso za Mzimu.”
Polingalira nsonga zonsezo, tikuona kuti chakumapeto kwa chaputala 14, Paulo akugwirizanitsa kunenera ndi pneu·ma·ti·kosʹ. Monga m’vesi 1, nkhani yonse imasonyeza kuti anatanthauza kupatsidwa mphatso ya mzimu. The New Testament in Modern Speech, yolembedwa ndi R. F. Weymouth, ili ndi mamasulidwe otere: “Ngati wina adziyesa yekha mneneri kapena munthu wokhala ndi mphatso zauzimu, azindikiretu kukhala malamulo a Ambuye zimene ndikukulemberani tsopano.”
Inde, Akristu onse, kaya anali ndi mphatso ya kunenera kapena mphatso ina iliyonse ya mzimu, anafunikira kulandira ndi kutsatira uphungu umene Paulo analemba wonena za mmene zinthu ziyenera kuchitikira mumpingo.