Yehova Alamulira—Kupyolera mwa Teokrase
“Yehova adzachita ufumu kosatha.”—SALMO 146:10.
1, 2. (a) Kodi nchifukwa ninji zoyesayesa za anthu za kulamulira zalephera? (b) Kodi ndimtundu wa boma uti wokha umene wakhaladi wachipambano?
CHIYAMBIRE nthaŵi ya Nimrode, anthu ayesa njira zosiyanasiyana kulamulira chitaganya cha anthu. Pakhala maulamuliro otsendereza, maulamuliro a munthu mmodzi, a kagulu, ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya demokrase. Yehova walola onsewo. Ndithudi, popeza kuti Mulungu ndiye Magwero aakulu a ulamuliro wonse, m’lingaliro lina iye anaika olamulira osiyanasiyana m’malo awo aang’ono. (Aroma 13:1) Komabe, zoyesayesa zonse za anthu paboma zalephera. Palibe wolamulira waumunthu amene watulutsa chitaganya cha anthu chokhalitsa, chokhazikika ndi chachilungamo. Mwakaŵirikaŵiri kwambiri, “wina apweteka mnzake pomlamulira.”—Mlaliki 8:9.
2 Kodi zimenezi ziyenera kutidabwitsa? Kutalitali! Munthu wopanda ungwiro sanapangidwe kuti adzilamulire. “Njira ya munthu sili mwa iye mwini; sikuli kwa munthu woyenda kulongosola mapazi ake.” (Yeremiya 10:23) Ndicho chifukwa chake, m’mbiri yonse ya anthu, boma lamtundu umodzi lokha lakhala lachipambanodi. Liti? Teokrase pansi pa Yehova Mulungu. M’Chigiriki cha m’Baibulo, “teokrase” amatanthauza ulamuliro [kraʹtos] wochitidwa ndi Mulungu [the·osʹ]. Kodi ndiboma linanso liti labwinopo limene lingakhalepo koposa lija la Yehova Mulungu mwiniyo?—Salmo 146:10.
3. Kodi nzitsanzo zoyambirira zotani za teokrase zimene zinakhalako padziko lapansi?
3 Teokrase analamulira kwanthaŵi yochepa mu Edene, kufikira pamene Adamu ndi Hava anapandukira Yehova. (Genesis 3:1-6, 23) Kukuonekera kuti m’nthaŵi ya Abrahamu, teokrase analiko mumzinda wa Salemu, ndi Melikizedeke monga mfumu ndi wansembe. (Genesis 14:18-20; Ahebri 7:1-3) Komabe, teokrase woyamba wochitidwa ndi Yehova Mulungu pamtundu wonse anakhazikitsidwa m’chipululu cha Sinai m’zaka za zana la 16 B.C.E. Kodi zimenezo zinachitika motani? Ndipo kodi ndimotani mmene boma lateokratiki limenelo linagwirira ntchito?
Teokrase Abadwa
4. Kodi ndimotani mmene Yehova anakhazikitsira mtundu wateokratiki wa Israyeli?
4 Mu 1513 B.C.E., Yehova analanditsa Aisrayeli muukapolo wa ku Igupto ndi kuwononga magulu ankhondo owalondola a Farao pa Nyanja Yofiira. Ndiyeno Iye anatsogolera Aisrayeli kuphiri la Sinai. Pamene anamanga chigono patsinde pa phirilo, Mulungu anawauza kupyolera mwa Mose kuti: “Inu munaona chimene ndinachitira Aaigupto; ndi kuti ndanyamula inu monga pamapiko a mphungu, ndi kubwera nanu kwa ine ndekha. Ndipo tsopano, ngati mudzamvera mawu anga ndithu, ndi kusunga chipangano changa, ndidzakuyesani chuma changa chapadera koposa mitundu yonse ya anthu.” Aisrayeliwo anavomereza kuti: “Zonse adazilankhula Yehova tidzazichita.” (Eksodo 19:4, 5, 8) Pangano linapangidwa, ndipo mtundu wateokratiki wa Israyeli unabadwa.—Deuteronomo 26:18, 19.
5. Kodi ndimotani mmene kunganenedwere kuti Yehova analamulira mu Israyeli?
5 Komabe, kodi ndimotani mmene Israyeli analamuliridwira ndi Yehova, amene ali wosaoneka ndi maso aumunthu? (Eksodo 33:20) M’njira yakuti malamulo ndi unsembe za mtunduwo zinaperekedwa ndi Yehova. Awo amene anamvera malamulo ndi kulambira mogwirizana ndi makonzedwe oikidwa mwaumulungu anatumikira Teokrati Wamkulu, Yehova. Ndiponso, mkulu wa ansembe anali ndi Urimu ndi Tumimu, zimene Yehova Mulungu anaperekeramo chitsogozo m’nthaŵi za tsoka. (Eksodo 28:29, 30) Ndiponso, akulu oyenerera anali oimira Yehova m’teokrase ndipo anatsimikizira kuti Lamulo la Mulungu likugwira ntchito. Ngati tipenda cholembedwa cha ena a amuna ameneŵa, tidzamvetsetsa bwino kwambiri za mmene anthu ayenera kugonjera kuulamuliro wa Mulungu.
Ulamuliro Pansi pa Teokrase
6. Kodi nchifukwa ninji chinali chitokoso kwa anthu kukhala ndi ulamuliro mu teokrase, ndipo kodi ndianthu amtundu wotani amene anafunika pathayo limeneli?
6 Awo okhala m’malo a ulamuliro mu Israyeli anali ndi mwaŵi waukulu, koma kunali chitokoso kwa iwo kusunga uchikatikati wawo. Iwo anayera kukhala osamala kuona kuti kudziŵerengera kwawo kusakhale kofunika kwambiri kuposa kuyeretsedwa kwa dzina la Yehova. Mawu ouziridwa akuti “sikuli kwa munthu woyenda kulongosola mapazi ake” anali owona kwa Aisrayeli monga momwe analiri kumtundu wonse wa anthu. Israyeli anapeza chipambano kokha pamene akulu ake anakumbukira kuti Israyeli anali teokrase ndi kuti anayenera kuchita chifuniro cha Yehova, osati cha iwo eni. Mwamsanga pambuyo pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa Israyeli, mpongozi wa Mose, Yetero, anafotokoza bwino lomwe za mtundu wa amuna umene iwo anayenera kukhala, ndiko kuti, “amuna amtima, akuopa Mulungu, amuna owona, akudana nalo phindu la chinyengo.”—Eksodo 18:21.
7. Kodi Mose anali chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri m’njira zotani cha munthu amene anali ndi ulamuliro pansi pa Yehova Mulungu?
7 Munthu woyamba kuchita ulamuliro mu Israyeli anali Mose. Iye anali chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri cha munthu wa ulamuliro wateokratiki. Zowonadi, panthaŵi ina kufooka kwaumunthu kunaonekera. Komabe, nthaŵi zonse Mose anadalira Yehova. Pamene mafunso a nkhani zimene zinali zisanathetsedwepo anabuka, iye anafunafuna chitsogozo cha Yehova. (Yerekezerani ndi Numeri 15:32-36.) Kodi ndimotani mmene Mose anakanira chiyeso cha kugwiritsira ntchito malo ake apamwamba kaamba ka ulemerero wake wa iyemwini? Eya, ngakhale kuti anatsogolera mtundu wokhala ndi mamiliyoni, iye anali “wofatsa woposa anthu onse a padziko lapansi.” (Numeri 12:3) Sanadzifunire ulemerero koma anadera nkhawa ulemerero wa Mulungu. (Eksodo 32:7-14) Ndipo Mose anali ndi chikhulupiriro champhamvu. Ponena za iye asanakhale mtsogoleri wa mtunduwo, mtumwi Paulo anati: “Anapirira molimbika, monga ngati kuona wosaonekayo.” (Ahebri 11:27) Mwachionekere, Mose sanaiŵale konse kuti Yehova anali Wolamulira weniweni wa mtunduwo. (Salmo 90:1, 2) Nchitsanzo chabwino kwambiri chotani nanga kwa ife lerolino!
8. Kodi ndilamulo lotani limene Yehova anapatsa Yoswa, ndipo kodi nchifukwa ninji limeneli lili lofunika?
8 Pamene thayo la kuyang’anira linakhaladi lalikulu kwa Mose, Yehova anaika mzimu wake pa akulu 70 amene akamchirikiza poweruza mtunduwo. (Numeri 11:16-25) M’zaka za pambuyo pake mzinda uliwonse ukakhala ndi akulu ake. (Yerekezerani ndi Deuteronomo 19:12; 22:15-18; 25:7-9.) Mose atafa, Yehova anapanga Yoswa kukhala mtsogoleri wa mtunduwo. Tingathe kuyerekezera kuti limodzi ndi mwaŵi umenewu, Yoswa anali ndi zambiri zoti achite. Komabe, Yehova anamuuza kuti panali chinthu chimodzi chimene sanayenera kuleka kuchita: “Buku ili la chilamulo lisachoke pakamwa pako; koma ulingiriremo usana ndi usiku, kuti usamalire kuchita monga mwa zonse zolembedwamo.” (Yoswa 1:8) Onani kuti ngakhale kuti Yoswa anatumikira zaka zoposa 40, anafunikira kuŵerengabe Chilamulo. Nafenso tifunikira kuphunzira Baibulo ndi kutsitsimula maganizo athu ponena za malamulo a Yehova ndi malamulo a mkhalidwe—mosasamala kanthu za utali wa utumiki wathu kapena za kuchuluka kwa mwaŵi umene tili nawo.—Salmo 119:111, 112.
9. Kodi nchiyani chimene chinachitika mu Israyeli mkati mwa nthaŵi ya oweruza?
9 Yoswa anatsatiridwa ndi mpambo wa oweruza. Mosakondweretsa, m’nthaŵi yawo Aisrayeli “anachita choipa pamaso pa Yehova” kaŵirikaŵiri. (Oweruza 2:11) Ponena za nyengo ya oweruza, mbiri imati: “Panalibe mfumu m’Israyeli masiku aja; yense anachita chomkomera pamaso pake.” (Oweruza 21:25) Aliyense anapanga zosankha zake ponena za khalidwe ndi kulambira, ndipo mbiri imasonyeza kuti Aisrayeli ambiri anapanga zosankha zoipa. Anapatukira kukulambira mafano ndipo nthaŵi zina anachita maupandu onyansa. (Oweruza 19:25-30) Komabe, ena, anasonyeza chikhulupiriro choyenera kutsanziridwa.—Ahebri 11:32-38.
10. Kodi ndimotani mmene boma mu Israyeli linasinthira kotheratu mkati mwa nthaŵi ya Samueli, ndipo chinachititsa zimenezi nchiyani?
10 M’nthaŵi ya moyo wa woweruza wotsiriza, Samueli, Israyeli anakumana ndi mavuto ponena za boma. Posonkhezeredwa ndi mitundu ya adani yowazinga, yonseyo yolamuliridwa ndi mafumu, Aisrayeli analingalira kuti nawonso anafunikira mfumu. Anaiŵala kuti anali nayo kale Mfumu, kuti boma lawo linali teokrase. Yehova anauza Samueli kuti: “Sindiwe anakukana, koma ndine anandikana, kuti ndisakhale mfumu yawo.” (1 Samueli 8:7) Chitsanzo chawo chimatikumbutsa za mmene kuliri kosavuta kutayikiridwa ndi lingaliro lathu lauzimu ndi kusonkhezeredwa ndi dziko lotizinga.—Yerekezerani ndi 1 Akorinto 2:14-16.
11. (a) Mosasamala kanthu za kusintha m’boma, kodi kunganenedwe motani kuti Israyeli anapitiriza kukhala teokrase pansi pa mafumu? (b) Kodi ndilamulo lotani limene Yehova anapatsa mafumu a Israyeli, ndipo ndi chifuno chotani?
11 Komabe, Yehova anavomereza pempho la Aisrayeli ndi kusankha mafumu awo aŵiri oyamba, Sauli ndi Davide. Israyeli anapitirizabe kukhala teokrase, wolamuliridwa ndi Yehova. Kuti mafumu ake akumbukire zimenezi, aliyense wa iwo anafunikira kupanga kope lakelake la Chilamulo ndi kuchiŵerenga tsiku lililonse, “kuti aphunzire kuopa Yehova Mulungu wake, kusunga mawu onse a chilamulo ichi ndi malemba awa, kuwachita; kuti mtima wake usadzikuze pa abale ake.” (Deuteronomo 17:19, 20) Inde, Yehova anakhumba kuti awo amene anali ndi ulamuliro mu teokrase wake sanayenera kudzikuza ndi kuti machitidwe awo anayenera kusonyeza kuti anatsata Chilamulo chake.
12. Kodi ndimbiri ya kukhulupirika yotani imene Mfumu Davide anapanga?
12 Mfumu Davide anali ndi chikhulupiriro chapadera mwa Yehova, ndipo Mulungu anapangana naye pangano lakuti akakhala atate wa mzera wa mafumu umene ukakhalako kosatha. (2 Samueli 7:16; 1 Mafumu 9:5; Salmo 89:29) Kugonjera kodzichepetsa kwa Davide kwa Yehova kunali koyenerera kutsanziridwa. Iye anati: “Yehova, adzasekera mfumu mu mphamvu yanu; adzakondwera kwakukulu m’chipulumutso chanu!” (Salmo 21:1) Ngakhale kuti Davide nthaŵi zina anaphophonya chifukwa cha kufooka kwathupi, mwachizolowezi iye anadalira nyonga ya Yehova nthaŵi zonse, osati yake.
Ntchito ndi Mkhalidwe wa Maganizo Zosakhala Zateokratiki
13, 14. Kodi ndimachitidwe ena otani osakhala ateokratiki amene anachitidwa ndi amene analoŵa mmalo Davide?
13 Siatsogoleri onse Achiisrayeli amene anali ofanana ndi Mose ndi Davide. Ambiri anasonyeza mwano waukulu pakakonzedwe kateokratiki, akumalola kulambira konyenga mu Israyeli. Ngakhale ena a olamulira okhulupirika anachita zinthu mosiyana ndi teokrase panthaŵi zina. Yomvetsa chisoni kwambiri inali nkhani ya Solomo, amene anapatsidwa nzeru yaikulu ndi ulemerero. (1 Mafumu 4:25, 29) Komabe, monyalanyaza lamulo la Yehova, iye anakwatira akazi ambiri ndi kulola kulambiridwa kwa mafano mu Israyeli. Mwachionekere, ulamuliro wa Solomo unali wotsendereza m’zaka zake zomalizira.—Deuteronomo 17:14-17; 1 Mafumu 11:1-8; 12:4.
14 Mwana wa Solomo wotchedwa Rehabiamu anayang’anizana ndi pempho lakuti apeputsire nzika zake goli. Mmalo mwa kusamalira nkhaniyo mofatsa, iye mwaukali anasonyeza ulamuliro wake—natayikiridwa ndi mafuko 10 mwa mafuko 12. (2 Mbiri 10:4-17) Mfumu yoyamba ya ufumu wa mafuko khumi ogaluka inali Yerobiamu. Poyesayesa kutsimikiza kuti ufumu wake usagwirizane ndi mtundu unzakewo, iye anakhazikitsa kulambira kwa mwana wang’ombe. Imeneyi ingakhale itaonekera ngati kuti inali njira yochenjera mwandale, komatu inasonyeza kunyalanyaza kotheratu teokrase. (1 Mafumu 12:26-30) Pambuyo pake, pamapeto pa moyo wa utumiki wokhulupirika wanthaŵi yaitali, Mfumu Asa analola kunyada kuipitsa mbiri yake. Iye anachitira nkhanza mneneri amene anadza kwa iye ndi uphungu wochokera kwa Yehova. (2 Mbiri 16:7-11) Inde, ngakhale amene akhala kwanthaŵi yaitali nthaŵi zina amafunikira uphungu.
Kutha kwa Teokrase
15. Pamene Yesu anali padziko lapansi, kodi ndimotani mmene atsogoleri Achiyuda analepherera monga anthu okhala ndi ulamuliro m’teokrase?
15 Pamene Yesu Kristu anali padziko lapansi, Israyeli anali akali teokrase. Komabe, mwachisoni, ambiri a akulu ake analibe maganizo auzimu. Iwo analepheradi kukulitsa chifatso chimene Mose anasonyeza. Yesu anasonyeza kuipa kwawo kwauzimu pamene anati: “Alembi ndi Afarisi akhala pampando wa Mose; chifukwa chake zinthu zilizonse zimene iwo akauza inu, chitani nimusunge; koma musatsanza ntchito zawo; pakuti iwo amalankhula, koma samachita.”—Mateyu 23:2, 3.
16. Kodi ndimotani mmene atsogoleri Achiyuda a m’zaka za zana loyamba anasonyezera kuti sanalemekeze teokrase?
16 Atapereka Yesu kwa Pontiyo Pilato, atsogoleri Achiyuda anasonyeza mmene anatayikira pakugonjera kwateokratiki. Pilato anafufuzafufuza za Yesu nawona kuti anali munthu wopanda liŵongo. Pobweretsa Yesu pamaso pa Ayuda, Pilato anati: “Taonani, Mfumu yanu!” Pamene Ayuda anafuula kuti Yesu aphedwe, Pilato anafunsa kuti: “Ndipachike Mfumu yanu kodi?” Ansembe aakulu anayankha kuti: “Tiribe mfumu koma Kaisara.” (Yohane 19:14, 15) Iwo anavomereza Kaisara kukhala mfumu, osati Yesu, ‘amene anadza m’dzina la Yehova’!—Mateyu 21:9, NW.
17. Kodi nchifukwa ninji Israyeli wakuthupi analeka kukhala mtundu wateokratiki?
17 Mwa kukana Yesu, Ayuda anakana teokrase, popeza kuti iye ndiye anali wodzakhala munthu wofunika m’makonzedwe amtsogolo ateokratiki. Yesu anali mwana wachifumu wa Davide amene akalamulira kosatha. (Yesaya 9:6, 7; Luka 1:33; 3:23, 31) Motero, Israyeli wakuthupi analeka kukhala mtundu wosankhidwa wa Mulungu.—Aroma 9:31-33.
Teokrase Watsopano
18. Kodi nditeokrase watsopano uti amene anabadwa m’zaka za zana loyamba? Fotokozani.
18 Komabe, kukana kwa Mulungu Israyeli wakuthupi sikunali kutha kwa teokrase padziko lapansi. Kupyolera mwa Yesu Kristu Yehova anakhazikitsa teokrase watsopano. Umenewu unali mpingo wa Akristu odzozedwa, umene kwenikweni unali mtundu watsopano. (1 Petro 2:9) Mtumwi Paulo anautcha “Israyeli wa Mulungu,” ndipo potsirizira pake ziŵalo zake zinachokera mu “mafuko onse, ndi manenedwe onse, ndi mitundu yonse.” (Agalatiya 6:16; Chivumbulutso 5:9, 10) Pamene kuli kwakuti zinali zogonjera kumaboma a anthu amene zinali kukhalamo, ziŵalo za teokrase ameneyu zinalamulidwadi ndi Mulungu. (1 Petro 2:13, 14, 17) Mwamsanga teokrase watsopano atabadwa, olamulira a Israyeli wakuthupi anayesa kuumiriza ophunzira ena kuleka kumvera lamulo limene Yesu anali atawapatsa. Kodi anayankha motani? “Tiyenera kumvera Mulungu koposa anthu.” (Machitidwe 5:29) Ndithudi, kameneko kanali kalingaliridwe kateokratiki!
19. Kodi ndimotani mmene mpingo Wachikristu wa m’zaka za zana loyamba ukanatchedwera teokrase?
19 Komabe, kodi ndimotani mmene teokrase watsopano anagwirira ntchito? Chabwino, panali Mfumu, Yesu Kristu, akumaimira Teokrati Wamkulu, Yehova Mulungu. (Akolose 1:13) Ngakhale kuti Mfumuyo inali yosaoneka kumwamba, ulamuliro wake unali weniweni kwa nzika zake, ndipo mawu ake analamulira miyoyo yawo. Ponena za uyang’aniro wooneka, akulu oyeneretsedwa mwauzimu anaikidwa. Mu Yerusalemu kagulu ka amuna otero kanagwira ntchito monga bungwe lolamulira. Oimira bungwe limenelo anali akulu oyendayenda, onga Paulo, Timoteo, ndi Tito. Ndipo mpingo uliwonse unasamaliridwa ndi bungwe la akulu. (Tito 1:5) Pamene vuto lalikulu linabuka, akulu anafunsa uphungu kubungwe lolamulira kapena kwa mmodzi wa oimira ake, onga Paulo. (Yerekezerani ndi Machitidwe 15:2; 1 Akorinto 7:1; 8:1; 12:1.) Ndiponso, chiŵalo chilichonse cha mpingo chinachita mbali m’kuchirikiza teokrase. Aliyense anali ndi thayo pamaso pa Yehova la kugwiritsira ntchito malamulo a mkhalidwe a m’Malemba m’moyo wake.—Aroma 14:4, 12.
20. Kodi nchiyani chimene chinganenedwe ponena za teokrase m’nthaŵi ya pambuyo pa atumwi?
20 Paulo anachenjeza kuti pambuyo pa imfa ya atumwi, mpatuko ukabuka, zimene zinachitikadi. (2 Atesalonika 2:3) Pamene nthaŵi inali kupita, chiŵerengero cha awo amene ananena kuti anali Akristu chinakula kufikira kumamiliyoni ndiyeno mamiliyoni mazana ambiri. Iwo anayambitsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maboma amatchalitchi, yonga kagulu ka atsogoleri achipembedzo kolamulira, kabungwe ka abusa, ndi kulamulira kwampingo. Komabe, khalidwe kapena zikhulupiriro za matchalitchi ameneŵa sizinasonyeze ulamuliro wa Yehova. Sanali ateokrase!
21, 22. (a) Kodi ndimotani mmene Yehova wabwezeretsera teokrase m’nthaŵi ya mapeto? (b) Kodi ndimafunso otani onena za teokrase amene kenaka adzayankhidwa?
21 M’nthaŵi ya mapeto a dongosolo lino la zinthu, pakakhala kulekanitsidwa kwa Akristu owona pa Akristu onyenga. (Mateyu 13:37-43) Zimenezi zinachitika mu 1919, chaka chofunika koposa m’mbiri ya teokrase. Panthaŵiyo ulosi wa ulemerero wa Yesaya 66:8 unakwaniritsidwa: “Ndani anaona zinthu zoterezo? Kodi dziko lidzabadwa tsiku limodzi? Kodi mtundu udzabadwa modzidzimutsa?” Yankho la mafunso amenewo linali inde wamphamvu! Mu 1919 mpingo Wachikristu kachiŵirinso unakhalapo monga “mtundu” wapadera. “Dziko” lateokratiki linabadwadi monga ngati m’tsiku limodzi! Pamene nthaŵi ya mapeto inalinkupita, gulu la mtundu watsopano limeneli linawongoleredwa kuti ligwirizane kwambiri monga momwe kukathekera ndi limene linalipo m’zaka za zana loyamba. (Yesaya 60:17) Koma ilo nthaŵi zonse linali teokrase. M’khalidwe ndi m’chiphunzitso, ilo nthaŵi zonse linasonyeza kugwirizana kwake ndi malamulo ndi makhalidwe ouziridwa ndi Mulungu m’Malemba. Ndipo nthaŵi zonse linagonjera Mfumu yokhazikitsidwa pampando wachifumu, Yesu Kristu.—Salmo 45:17; 72:1, 2.
22 Kodi ndinu wogwirizana ndi teokrase ameneyu? Kodi muli ndi malo audindo mmenemo? Ngati ndichoncho, kodi mumadziŵa zimene kuchita mwateokratiki kumatanthauza? Kodi mumadziŵa misampha yoyenera kupeŵedwa? Mafunso aŵiri otsirizirawo adzayankhidwa m’nkhani yotsatira.
Kodi Mungafotokoze?
◻ Kodi teokrase nchiyani?
◻ Kodi Israyeli anali teokrase m’njira yotani?
◻ Kodi ndimakonzedwe otani amene Yehova anapanga kukumbutsa mafumu kuti Israyeli anali teokrase?
◻ Kodi ndim’njira yotani imene mpingo Wachikristu unaliri wa teokrase, ndipo unalinganizidwa motani?
◻ Kodi ndigulu lateokratiki lotani limene lakhazikitsidwa m’nthaŵi yathu?
[Chithunzi patsamba 12]
Pamaso pa Pontiyo Pilato, olamulira Achiyuda anavomera Kaisara mmalo mwa Mfumu ya Yehova yoikidwa mwateokratiki