Kutumikira ndi Gulu Lopita Patsogolo Koposa

MONGA MOMWE YASIMBIDWIRA NDI ROBERT HATZFELD

Lerolino anthu ochuluka kwambiri amatsegula wailesi yakanema ndi chipangizo cha remote control kuti aone nkhani zamadzulo m’maonekedwe achibadwa, osalingalira konse zimenezo kukhala zachilendo nkomwe. Komabe, kukuonekera ngati kuti ndi dzulodzuloli pamene ndinali mnyamata wazaka 12 wochita chidwi ndikupenyerera chithunzithunzi chachikulu kwambiri cha mwamuna wina pa choonetsera kanema, ndipo iye anali kulankhula!

SI NKHANI yaikulu kwambiri, mungaganize choncho. Koma chinaonekadi ngati chozizwitsa chamakono kwa ine kalelo mu 1915, m’masiku oyambirira a akanema a mtundu wakuda ndi woyera opanda mawu. Mwamuna wamkulu wandevu anaonekera pa choonetsera nanena kuti: “Photo-Drama of Creation imaonetsedwa ndi I.B.S.A., International Bible Students Association.” Kwa maola aŵiri otsatira, nkhani ya Baibulo inamveketsedwa bwino lomwe. Uthenga wake wa Malemba unali womvekera bwino ndi wotsitsimula. Komabe, anali kanema wa zithunzithunzi zoyenda, zophatikizidwa ndi masilaidi a maonekedwe achibadwa, ndi mawu ophatikizidwamo amene anakokadi chidwi changa.

Sindinazindikire zimenezo panthaŵiyo, koma kutenthedwa maganizo kwanga kwa paubwana ndi luso la zopangapanga latsopano limenelo kunali kalambula bwalo wa ntchito ya moyo wonse ndi gulu lopita patsogolo koposa padziko lapansi.

Masiku Oyambirira

Mu 1891 bambo wanga anachokera ku Dillenburg, Germany, kudzakhala m’chitaganya cha Ajeremani mu Allegheny, Pennsylvania, U.S.A. Pambuyo pake anakumana ndi mtsikana m’banja Lachijeremani komweko, ndipo anakwatirana. Ndinabadwa pa July 7, 1903, ndipo ndinaleredwa ndikulankhula ponse paŵiri Chijeremani ndi Chingelezi. Nkhondo Yadziko I itangotsala pang’ono kuyamba mu 1914, mliri wa chifuŵa cha kholodzi unapha makolo anga onse aŵiri ndipo unandisiya wamasiye. Agogo anga aamuna anafa ndi stroke pafupifupi pa nthaŵi yomweyo.

Azakhali anga, a Minna Boemer, mokoma mtima ananditengera m’banja lawo. “Ndili ndi ana asanu,” iwo anatero. “Ndingakhalenso ndi wina mmodzi.” Ngakhale kuti ndinalakalaka makolo anga, Azakhali a Minna anandisunga bwino.

Azakhali anga anali chiŵalo chakalekale cha Mpingo wa Allegheny wa Ophunzira Baibulo (monga momwe Mboni za Yehova zinkatchedwera m’masiku amenewo). Isanafike 1909, Mbale C. T. Russell, panthaŵiyo prezidenti wa Watch Tower Society, anali kuloŵanso mpingo umenewo. Azakhali a Minna anapita nane kumisonkhano. Ngakhale kuti banja lathu silinayeseyese mwakhama kuphunzira kapena kulalikira kalelo, zilizonse zimene tinazimva pamisonkhano, tinafotokozera mwamwaŵi anthu amene tinawadziŵa.

Munali mkati mwa nyengo imeneyi pamene “Photo-Drama” inandidabwitsa kwambiri. Popeza kuti ndinali wokonda zaumakanika, maluso atsopano a kujambula ndi kusakaniza mawu ndi zithunzithunzi anandichititsa chidwi kwambiri, monga momwe kunachitira kujambula zochitika kofulumiza. Kuona maluŵa akumasula kunali kosangalatsa!

Mu 1916 tinachita chisoni ndi imfa ya Mbale Russell. Popeza kuti tinali kukhala mu Allegheny mwenimweni, tinafika pamaliro ake pa Carnegie Hall. Imeneyi inali holo mu imene Mbale Russell anakangana ndi E. L. Eaton mu 1903. Ndinali nditamva nkhani zonena za mtumiki wa Methodist Episcopalian ameneyu amene anaitanira C. T. Russell ku mkangano wamasiku asanu ndi limodzi, ndi cholinga chonyazitsa ukatswiri wa Baibulo wa Mbale Russell. Mmalo mwake, kunanenedwa kuti, Russell ‘anazima helo.’ Sara Kaelin, koputala wodziŵika kwambiri mu Pittsburgh, ankalidziŵa bwino banja la a Russell. Pamaliropo anaona Maria Russell akuika maluŵa m’bokosi lamaliro ndi kalata yakuti, “Kwa Mwamuna Wanga Wokondedwa.” Ngakhale kuti anali atamuleka zaka zingapo zakumbuyo, Maria anamuzindikirabe kukhala mwamuna wake.

M’kupita kwa zaka, ndinali ndi mipata yochuluka ya kupeza maluso a zopangapanga othandiza m’ntchito yanga yamtsogolo. Amalume amene anali kundisamalira anali ndi ntchito yomanga. Mkati mwa matchuthi anga asukulu, anandilola kugwira ntchito ndi akatswiri awo a zamagetsi, kusandutsa nyumba zazikulu zakale zagasi kukhala zamagetsi. Mu 1918 ophunzira a pasukulu pathu anapanga chipangizo chophunzirira cha wailesi ndi lamya. Tinali kukumana madzulo kuphunzira ndi kuyeseza kunja magetsi ndi mphamvu ya magineti. Mu 1926 mnzanga wina ndi ineyo tinalingalira zolondola loto lathu la paunyamata​—kugwira ntchito m’zombo ndi kulizungulira dziko. Tinalembetsa ku sukulu ya Radio Corporation of America kukhala osamalira mauthenga a wailesi ndi lamya.

Moyo Watsopano ku Beteli

Sukulu yophunzitsa za wailesi imene ndinaloŵako inali mu New York City, chotero ndinali kuwoloka mtsinje kupita ku Brooklyn kaamba ka misonkhano ya Ophunzira Baibulo, imene inali kuchitidwa m’holo ya lendi ya Kachisi ya a Mason yakale. Kalelo, panali mpingo umodzi wokha m’dera lonse la mzinda wa New York. Pamene abale ochokera ku Beteli (nyumba ya banja la ku malikulu a Ophunzira Baibulo) anamva kuti ndinali kuphunzira kuti ndipeze laisensi ya wailesi yamalonda, iwo anati: “Kodi udzapitiranji kunyanja? Tili ndi siteshoni ya wailesi konkuno ndipo ikufunikira woisamalira.” Anandiitana kupita ku ofesi kukafunsidwa. Sindinadziŵe kalikonse ponena za Beteli kusiyapo kokha kuti inali malikulu a Ophunzira Baibulo.

Abalewo anandifunsa nandiuza kuti ndimalize kuphunzira kwanga, kulandira laisensi, ndiyeno ndidzabwere ku Beteli. Pamene ndinamaliza maphunziro, mmalo mokwera chombo chopita kunyanja, ndinalongedza zovala zanga zoŵerengeka ndi kukwera sitima yapansi panthaka yopita ku Beteli. Ngakhale kuti ndinali nditadzipatulira kwa Yehova ndipo ndinakhala ndi phande m’ntchito yolalikira kwa zaka zambiri, ndinali ndisanabatizidwe kufikira mu December 1926, milungu iŵiri pambuyo pofika ku Beteli. Zimenezo sizinali zachilendo panthaŵiyo.

Pokhala ndi ziŵalo 150, Beteli inali ndi anthu ochuluka kwambiri m’masiku amenewo. Tinali ndi amuna anayi m’chipinda chilichonse. Posakhalitsa ndinazoloŵerana ndi ambiri a iwo, popeza kuti tonsefe tinali kudya, kugwira ntchito, ndi kugona m’nyumba imodzi, ndipotu, tonsefe tinali kuloŵa mpingo umodzi wokha mu New York City. Nyumba ya Beteli yatsopano inamalizidwa pa 124 Columbia Heights mu 1927, ndipo tinali okhoza kukhala aŵiri m’chipinda chimodzi.

Ndiponso mu 1927 fakitale yatsopano pa 117 Adams Street inatsegulidwa. Ndinathandiza kusamutsa ziŵiya kuchokera ku fakitale yakale pa 55 Concord Street. Kuwonjezera pa ziŵiya za wailesi, kufakitaleko kunali zikepe, makina osindikizira, ziŵiya zochapira, masitovu a mafuta​—ngati chinali ndi waya, ndinagwirirapo ntchito.

Komabe, Beteli sinali fakitale chabe. Limene linathandizira kupangidwa kwa buku lililonse, trakiti lililonse, magazini alionse, linali khamu la atumiki odzichepetsa, ogwira ntchito mwamphamvu. Iwo analibe cholinga cha kukhala otchuka m’dziko. Mmalo mwake, anangofuna kuti ntchito ya Ambuye ichitidwe​—ndipo panali zambiri zochita!

Kuyanjana ndi Mbale Rutherford

Ndinapindula kwambiri ndi mwaŵi wa kugwira ntchito ndi Joseph F. Rutherford, prezidenti wachiŵiri wa Sosaite. Iye anali mwamuna wamkulu, wotalika masentimita 183, sanali wonenepa, koma wathupi lalikulu bwino. Abale ambiri achichepere a pa Beteli anali kuchita naye mantha kufikira pamene anamdziŵa. Iye anali kuchita phunziro nthaŵi zonse, kukonzekera nkhani zolemba.

Mbale Rutherford anali wanthabwala. Panali alongo aŵiri achikulire m’banja la Beteli omwe anakhalapo kuyambira nthaŵi ya Mbale Russell. Iwo anali osafuna zachibwana ndipo anakhulupirira kuti sikunali koyenera kuseka mokweza ngakhale ngati chinachake chinali choseketsa. Nthaŵi zina panthaŵi ya chakudya cha masana Mbale Rutherford ankasimba nkhani imene inkachititsa aliyense kuseka, zimene zinakwiyitsa alongo aŵiri ameneŵa. Komabe, kaŵirikaŵiri analinso kutsogolera makambitsirano amphamvu a Baibulo a nthaŵi yachakudya.

Mbale Rutherford anali wodziŵa kuphika ndipo anakonda kukonzera chakudya mabwenzi. Nthaŵi ina ophika pa Beteli anaphwanya mafupa a nkhuku pamene anali kudula nkhukuzo. Iye analoŵa m’khichini ndi kuwasonyeza njira yoyenera yodulira nkhuku. Sankafuna mafupa ophwanyika m’chakudya chake!

Kaŵirikaŵiri ndinali kukhala ndi Mbale Rutherford m’mikhalidwe yamwamwaŵi, monga ngati pa siteshoni yathu ya wailesi, WBBR, kapena m’chipinda chake chophunzirira pa Staten Island. Iye anali mwamuna wokoma mtima kwambiri ndipo anachita zimene ananena. Iye sanayembekezere ena kuchita zimene iyemwini sakanachita. Mosiyana ndi anthu athayo m’magulu ena ambiri achipembedzo, Mbale Rutherford anali ndi mkhalidwe wapamwamba kwambiri wauzimu ndi wa makhalidwe. Iye anakhaliradi moyo Ufumu wa Yehova.

Nthaŵi Zovuta za Zandalama

Zaka zoŵerengeka pambuyo pa kufika kwanga pa Beteli, dziko linaloŵa mu Kutsika kwa Zachuma Kwakukulu. Misika ya zandalama inagwa, monga momwenso inachitira mitengo ya zinthu. Ntchito zinali zosoŵa, ndipo ndalama zinali zochepa. Beteli inali kuyendetsedwa ndi ndalama zoperekedwa, ndipo nthaŵi zonse Yehova anatsimikizira kuti panali zokwanira kusamalira ntchitoyo. Sitinakhalepo konse opanda chakudya, ngakhale kuti sindicho chokha chimene aliyense anafuna. Tinali kukhala mosinira monga momwe kunathekera, ndipo abale kunja kwa Beteli anatithandiza pamene anali okhoza kutero.

Mu 1932, Mbale Robert Martin, woyang’anira wokhulupirika wa fakitale yathu, anamwalira. Nathan Knorr wazaka 27 anaikidwa m’malo mwake. Iye anali mwamuna wachichepere waluso kwambiri. Sindikumbukira aliyense amene anali ndi vuto kumulandira monga woyang’anira fakitale. Abale ena okhulupirika, ena a iwo anali John Kurzen, George Kelly, Doug Galbraith, Ralph Leffler, ndi Ed Becker​—onse antchito anzanga apamtima​—mofunitsitsa anagwiritsira ntchito maluso awo ndi luntha muutumiki wa Ufumu.​—Yerekezerani ndi Eksodo 35:34, 35.

Kugwira Ntchito ndi Wailesi

Gulu lathu linadzipereka kotheratu pa kufalitsa mbiri yabwino mwa njira iliyonse yomwe inalipo. Dziko lonse linafunikira kudziŵa za Ufumuwo, koma tinali zikwi zoŵerengeka chabe. Luso la zopangapanga la wailesi linali litangoyamba kumene pambuyo pa Nkhondo Yadziko I. Komabe, abale ozindikira analingalira kuti njira imeneyi ya kulankhulana ndiyo imene Yehova anapereka panthaŵiyo. Chotero mu 1923 anayamba kumanga siteshoni ya wailesi ya WBBR pa Staten Island, chimodzi cha zigawo zisanu za New York City.

Nthaŵi zina ndinali ndekha wosamalira siteshoni yathu. Ndinali kukhala pa Staten Island koma ndinali kuyenda ulendo wa pa bwato ndi sitima wa maola atatu kupita ku fakitale mu Brooklyn kukachita ntchito ya magetsi kapena ya umakanika. Pofuna kuti siteshoni yathu ya wailesi ikhale ndi zonse zofunika, tinaika generator ya dizilo. Pa Staten Island tinalinso ndi zitsime zathuzathu zamadzi ndi dimba limene linali kutulutsa zakudya za ogwira ntchito pamenepo, limodzinso ndi za banja la Beteli ku Brooklyn.

Kufikira pamene chithandizo chowonjezereka chinafika pambuyo pake, mathayo a ntchito ya wailesi anachepetsa kwakukulu kufika kwanga pa misonkhano ndi utumiki wakumunda. Panalibiretu nthaŵi ya kucheza kapena maulendo a kothera kwa mlungu kusiyapo kokha nthaŵi yathu ya tchuthi yapachaka. Panthaŵi ina winawake anandifunsa kuti: “Pokhala ndi ndandanda yovuta motero, kodi sumalingalira konse zochoka pa Beteli?” Moona mtima, ndinanena kuti: “Ayi.” Wakhala mwaŵi wapadera ndi wosangalatsa kukhala ndi kugwira ntchito ndi abale ndi alongo ochuluka kwambiri odzipereka. Ndipo nthaŵi zonse panali ntchito yomwe inafunika kuchitidwa, ndi maprojekiti atsopano oyenera kuchitidwa.

Tinali kupanga ndi kuulutsa maseŵero a pawailesi ochititsa chidwi. Popeza kunalibe zojambulidwa zapadera za mawu, tinayenera kupanga njira zathuzathu. Tinapanga makina amene anakhoza kupanganso mawu a mphepo ya yaziyazi kapena mkuntho wamphamvu. Mawu a kugogoda kwa zibenthu ziŵiri za ngole pa matabwa anakhala mapazi a akavalo oyenda pa khwalala la miyala. Seŵero lililonse linali chochitika chokondweretsa. Ndipo anthu anamvetsera. M’masiku amenewo okhala ndi zochenjeneketsa zochepa, anthu ambiri anali kukhala pansi ndi kutchera khutu.

M’ma 1920 ndi kuchiyambi kwa ma 1930, Sosaite inachita chinthu chozizwitsa m’mbiri ya wailesi, ikumalunzanitsa mobwerezabwereza chiŵerengero chachikulu koposa cha masiteshoni pa programu imodzi yokha. Motero mbiri ya Ufumu inafikira mamiliyoni ambiri padziko lonse.

Galamafoni

Mkati mwa ma 1930 ndi kuchiyambi kwa ma 1940, tinalinganiza ndi kupanga makina a transcription, magalamafoni, ndi ziŵiya zina zotulutsa mawu. Ndi chodulira chapadera, tinadula malekodi oyamba oikapo mawu kuchokera pa mikombero ya phula la njuchi yosalala ngati kalilore. Ndiyeno tinapenda lekodi yoyamba iliyonse mosamalitsa pa microscope kutsimikizira kuti anali opanda cholakwika. Ngati panali zolakwika zilizonse, kujambulako kunayenera kubwerezedwa ndi kudulanso ndi chodulira chapadera. Ndiyeno tinatumiza lekodi yoyamba ya phula la njuchi ku kampani yopanga malekodi, yomwe inapanga malekodi a galamafoni ndi transcription.

Chochitika chimodzi chosangalatsa kwambiri chimene ndimakumbukira bwino kwambiri chinali nkhani ya Mbale Rutherford mu 1933 yamutu wakuti “Chiyambukiro cha Chaka Chopatulika pa Mtendere.” Papa anali atalengeza chaka chimenecho kukhala “chaka chopatulika,” ndipo mwa kuulutsa pa wailesi ndi galamafoni, tinachivumbula ndi kusonyeza kuti palibe chopatulika chimene chikachitika. Monga momwe zinachitikira, Hitler anatenga ulamuliro m’chaka chimenecho mochirikizidwa ndi Tchalitchi cha Katolika, chotero ziyembekezo zilizonse za mtendere zinazimiririka.

Mu United States, gulu la Catholic Action linapangidwa kuchita zimene tchalitchi chinafuna. Iwo anaika anthu awo m’mabungwe a akonzi a manyuzipepala aakulu, magazini, ndi ofalitsa mabuku. Analoŵa m’ndale zadziko ndipo anawopseza kuti akaleka kugwirizana ndi siteshoni iliyonse imene inaulutsa nkhani zathu za Baibulo. Mboni zambiri zinaukiridwa ndi timagulu ta Catholic Action, makamaka mu New Jersey wapafupiyo. Amenewo anali masiku osangalatsa!

Ntchito Yosangalatsa m’Munda

Pofika mkati mwa ma 1950, chiwonjezeko chomakulakula cha ofalitsa Ufumu chinali kufikira anthu ambiri pamakomo penipeni pa nyumba zawo. Zimenezi zinatsimikizira kukhala zokhutiritsa kwambiri kuposa wailesi m’kuthandiza anthu kumvetsetsa choonadi cha Baibulo. Chotero mu 1957 kunalingaliridwa kugulitsa WBBR ndi kulunjikitsa chuma chathu ku kufutukula ntchito yaumishonale m’maiko ena.

Mu 1955, ndinagaŵiridwa ku Mpingo wa Bedford mu Brooklyn, kumene ndinali kuchititsa Phunziro la Nsanja ya Olonda nthaŵi zonse. Sosaite inanditumizanso kunja monga mlankhuli woyendayenda kumpoto kwa New York, Pennsylvania, Connecticut, ndi New Jersey. Pamene ndinagaŵiridwa ku Mpingo wa Bedford, ndinati, ‘Ndili ndi zaka zoposa 50. Ndiyenera kukhala ndi phande kwambiri muutumiki wakumunda monga momwe ndingathere tsopano. Mwina mtsogolo ndingadzadwale msana ndi kusasangalala ndi utumikiwo mokwanira.’

Pambuyo pogwira ntchito kwa zaka zonsezo kumbali ya zaumakanika ya kufalitsa mbewu za Ufumu pawailesi, ndinakuona kukhala kosangalatsadi kubzala ndi kuthirira mbewu za choonadi cha Baibulo mwachindunji kwa anthu. Ndinakondweradi kugwira ntchito ndi mpingo. Anthu osiyanasiyana ananditenga, kundichititsa kukhala womasuka pakati pawo. Ena a ana aang’ono amenewo, achikulire tsopano, amanditchabe agogo. Kwa zaka 30 tinali ndi nthaŵi yabwino pamodzi muutumiki wakumunda, kufikira pamene vuto la miyendo yanga ndi mapazi linandichititsa kukhala wosatha kukwera makwerero kapena kuyenda pasitima yapansi panthaka. Mu 1985, ndinasamukira ku Mpingo wa Brooklyn Heights, umene umasonkhana pa Beteli.

Pamene gulu la Yehova linali kufutukuka kwambiri, ndinali ndi mwaŵi wa kuona madalitso ake m’minda yachilendo pamene ndinafika pamisonkhano yaikulu ya Mboni za Yehova m’maiko akutali. Ndiiko komwe ndinakhozadi kuliyendera dziko! Kuyambira m’ma 1950, ena a ife Apabeteli tinaona malo onga ngati London, Paris, Rome, Nuremberg, ndi Copenhagen. Tinayenda pandege zomwe kale zinali zoponya mabomba, mabwato, ndi sitima. Maulendowo anali okondweretsadi, koma zinthu zosangalatsa koposa zinali makamu a abale athu otichingamira, aubwenzi. Pambuyo pake zaka makumi ambiri zinabweretsa maulendo opita Kummaŵa, ndiponso Kumadzulo kwa Ulaya, ndipo posachedwapa Kummaŵa kwa Ulaya. Misonkhano yokondweretsa imene inachitika mu Poland, Germany, ndi Czechoslovakia inali yosangalatsa. Banja lathu lateokratiki lakuladi chotani nanga kuyambira pamene ndinayamba kukhala mbali yake!

Chitsogozo Chaumulungu

Amene anaoneka ngati masitepe aang’ono amene anatengedwa ndi gulu pambuyo pake anakhala aakulu. Pamene tinali kuchita maprojekiti atsopano, kungopanga zipangizo zotithandiza kuchita ntchito yaumboni, kodi ndani akanaoneratu kufutukuka kwakukulu? Tapita patsogolo m’chikhulupiriro, kulabadira chitsogozo cha Yehova.

Gulu lopita patsogolo limeneli silinachite mantha kugwiritsira ntchito maluso a zopangapanga amakono kwambiri amene alipo kapena kupanga akeake othandiza kusamalira munda wa dziko lonse. Zina za njira zimene zagwiritsiridwa ntchito kupititsa patsogolo kulengeza Ufumu ndizo kulalikira kunyumba ndi nyumba, kugwiritsira ntchito masiteshoni a wailesi olunzanitsidwa, kuchitira umboni ndi galamafoni, ndi programu ya kuchititsa maphunziro a Baibulo m’nyumba za anthu. Kukhazikitsa makina athuathu osindikizira m’masiku oyambirira ndipo tsopano kugwiritsira ntchito phototypesetting ya kompyuta ndi kusindikiza kotchedwa offset m’zinenero zambiri sizili zipambano zazing’ono. Sukulu ya Baibulo ya Watchtower ya Gileadi, Sukulu Yautumiki Wateokratiki, ndi misonkhano yokhazikika zonse zakhala ndi mbali m’kubweretsa ulemerero kwa Yehova Mulungu ndi Mwana wake. Wakhala mwaŵi wanga kudzionera ndekha ndi kukhala ndi phande m’zochitika zonsezi.

Nzoonekeratu kwa ine kuti gulu lotsogozedwa ndi mzimu wa Yehova lapadziko lapansi limalandira chitsogozo pa zimene ziyenera kuchitidwa ndi mmene ziyenera kuchitidwira. Gulu lake lonse la chilengedwe chonse, looneka ndi losaoneka, limagwirira ntchito pamodzi.

Sindinachitepo chisoni kuti ndinasiya mapulani anga aunyamata ofuna kupita kunyanja. Eya, zochitika zokondweretsa kwambiri, zatanthauzo zimachitika mkati mwenimweni mwa gulu la Yehova! Chotero ulendo wanga wopita ku “maitanidwe akumwamba” wakhala wodzaza ndi zosangalatsa ndi madalitso ambirimbiri, ndipo wakhala wopanda chisoni.​—Afilipi 3:13, 14.

Nthaŵi zonse ndimauza anthu achichepere kukumbukira 1914​—kutanthauza, Salmo 19:14, limene limati: “Mawu a mkamwa mwanga ndi maganizo a m’mtima wanga avomerezeke pamaso panu, Yehova, thanthwe langa, ndi Mombolo wanga.” Timafuna kukondweretsa Yehova m’zonse ndi kupemphera monga momwe anachitira Davide kuti: “Mundidziŵitse njira zanu, Yehova; mundiphunzitse mayendedwe anu. Munditsogolere m’choonadi chanu, ndipo mundiphunzitse; pakuti Inu ndinu Mulungu wa chipulumutso changa; Inu ndikuyembekezerani tsiku lonseli.” (Salmo 25:4, 5) Mawu amenewo ali ndi tanthauzo lalikulu. Kuwakumbukira kungatithandize kupitirizabe pa njira yolondola, kupita kumalo olondola, kuyendera limodzi ndi gulu lopita patsogolo la Yehova.

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Mbale Rutherford anakonda kukonzera mabwenzi chakudya

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Robert Hatzfeld pa makina a siteshoni ya wailesi ya WBBR

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Chithunzi chaposachedwapa cha Mbale Hatzfeld