“Yehova” Kapena “Yahweh”?

“NDI misala imeneyo,” “n’lachilendo.” N’chifukwa chiyani akatswiri a Chihebri cha m’Baibulo akutsutsa ndi mawu ngati ameneŵa? Nkhani ili pa katchulidwe ka Chingelezi ka dzina la Mulungu kakuti “Yehova” ngati kali kolondola. Kwazaka zoposa zana limodzi, mkanganowu wakula kwambiri. Lerolino, akatswiri ambiri amakonda kutchula dzina lamasilabulo aŵiri “Yahweh.” Koma kodi katchulidwe ka masilabulo atatuwa “Yehova” ‘n’kachilendo’?

Chinayambitsa Mkanganowo

Malinga ndi Baibulo, Mulungu anaulula yekha dzina lake kwa mtundu wa anthu. (Eksodo 3:15) Umboni wa Malemba umasonyeza kuti atumiki a Mulungu akale anali kugwiritsa ntchito dzinalo mwaufulu. (Genesis 12:8; Rute 2:4) Dzina la Mulungu linadziŵikanso kwa mitundu ina. (Yoswa 2:9) Zinali choncho makamaka kuyambira pamene Ayuda omasulidwa ukapolo ku Babulo anakhala pamodzi ndi anthu amitundu ina. (Salmo 96:2-10; Yesaya 12:4; Malaki 1:11) Buku lotchedwa The Interpreter’s Dictionary of the Bible limati: “Pali umboni wochuluka wakuti pambuyo pa ukapolo alendo ambiri analoŵa chipembedzo cha Ayuda.” Koma, cham’zaka za zana loyamba C.E., panakhala mwambo wokhudzana ndi dzina la Mulungu. Potsirizira pake, mtundu wa Ayuda unasiya kugwiritsa ntchito dzina la Mulungu mwaufulu komanso ena ankaletsa n’kulitchula komwe. Choncho katchulidwe kake koyenera kanasokonekera​—kodi kanaterodi?

Kodi Tingapezemo Chiyani m’Mayinaŵa?

M’chinenero cha Chihebri, dzina la Mulungu linalembedwa motere יהוה. Malembo anayiŵa, amatchedwa kuti Tetragramatoni, ndipo amaŵerengedwa kuchokera kumanja kumka kumanzere. Mayina ambiri a anthu ndi malo opezeka m’Baibulo ali ndi chidule cha dzina la Mulungu. Koma kodi mayina aumwini ameneŵa angatithandize kudziŵa mmene ankatchulira dzina la Mulungu?

Malinga ndi George Buchanan, polofesa wopuma pantchito wa Wesley Theological Seminary, Washington, D.C., U.S.A., akuti angatithandize. Polofesa Buchanan akufotokoza kuti: “Nthaŵi zakale, makolo ankapatsa mayina a milungu yawo kwa ana awo. Zimenezi zikusonyeza kuti ankatchula mayinawo mmene dzina la mulungulo ankalitchulira. Anali kuphatikizamo Tetragramatoni m’mayina a anthu, ndipo nthaŵi zonse ankagwiritsa ntchito vawelo lapakati.”

Onani zitsanzo za mayina opezeka m’Baibulo omwe ali ndi chidule cha dzina la Mulungu. M’Baibulo lachihebri Jonatani ndi Yoh·na·thanʹ kapena Yehoh·na·thanʹ, kutanthauza “Yaho kapena Yahowah watipatsa,” akutero Polofesa Buchanan. Dzina la mneneri Eliya m’Chihebri ndi ʼE·li·yahʹ kapena ʼE·li·yaʹhu. Malinga ndi Polofesa Buchanan, dzinali limatanthauza: “Mulungu wanga ndi Yahoo kapena Yahoo-wah.” Mofananamo, dzina lachihebri la Yehosafati ndi Yehoh-sha·phatʹ, kutanthauza “Yaho waweruza.”

Potchula dzina la Mulungu ndi masilabulo aŵiri a Tetragramatoni monga “Yahweh” o samveka. Koma mayina ambiri a m’Baibulo okhala ndi dzina la Mulungu, vawelo lapakatili limamveka, kaya m’dzina lonse kapena m’chidule chake, monga Jehonatani ndi Jonatani. N’chifukwa chake, Polofesa Buchanan ponena za dzina la Mulungu akuti: “Vawelolo oo kapena oh silinachotsedwe. Nthaŵi zina chidule cha dzinali chinali ‘Ya,’ osati ‘Ya-weh.’ . . . Akalitchula ndi silabulo limodzi la Tetragramatoni ankati ‘Yah’ kapena ‘Yo.’ Politchula ndi masilabulo atatu linali ‘Yahowah’ kapena ‘Yahoowah.’ Linakakhala kuti lidatchulidwako mwachidule ndi masilabulo aŵiri bwenzi lili ‘Yaho.’”​—Biblical Archaeology Review.

Mfundo zimenezi zimatithandiza kumvetsa mawu akatswiri wa Chihebri Gesenius wa m’zaka za zana la 19 a m’buku lake la Hebrew and Chaldee Lexicon to the Old Testament Scriptures akuti: “Amene amalingalira kuti יְהוָֹה [Ye-ho-wah] ndiko kanali katchulidwe kolondola ka [dzina la Mulungu] ali ndi zifukwa zochirikizira malingaliro awo. Mwanjira imeneyi, masilabulo achidulewa יְהוֹ [Ye-ho] ndi יוֹ [Yo], zilembo zoyambirira m’mayina a anthu, zingafotokozedwe bwino.”

Ngakhale zili choncho, m’mawu oyamba a m’buku lake limene anatembenuza posachedwapa lotchedwa The Five Books of Moses, Everett Fox akuti: “Zoyesayesa zakale ndi zatsopano zomwe zobwezera katchulidwe ‘kolondola’ ka dzina lachihebri [la Mulungu] zalephera; ngakhale dzina lakuti ‘Yehova’ lomwe limamveka kamodzikamodzili kapena ‘Yahweh’ lomwe akatswiri amaligwiritsa ntchito n’losatsimikizirika kwenikweni.”

Mosakayikira akatswiriwa adzapitiriza kukangana. Ayuda analeka kutchula dzina la Mulungu woona Amasoreti asanayambe kuika mavawelo. Choncho, palibe umboni weniweni wosonyeza mavawelo omwe anali kuika m’makonsonati a YHWH (יהוה). Komabe, mayina a anthu m’Baibulo amene​—katchulidwe kolondola sikanasokonekere​—amapereka njira yeniyeni ya mmene dzina la Mulungu ankalitchulira kale. Pachifukwa chimenechi, akatswiri ena akuvomereza kuti “Yehova” si katchulidwe ‘kachilendo’ ayi.

[Zithunzi patsamba 31]

“Yehova” kakhala katchulidwe kotchuka kwambiri ka dzina la Mulungu