Moyo wa Anthu Akale​—Ndalama

“Anakhala pansi moyang’anana ndi moponyamo zopereka ndipo anali kuona mmene khamu la anthu linali kuponyera ndalama moponya zoperekamo. Anthu ambiri olemera anali kuponyamo makobidi ambiri. Kenako panafika mkazi wamasiye wosauka ndipo anaponyamo timakobidi tiwiri tating’ono.”​—MALIKO 12:41, 42.

NTHAWI zambiri Baibulo limatchula za ndalama. Mwachitsanzo, m’Mauthenga Abwino timapezamo nkhani zingapo pamene Yesu anaphunzitsa mfundo zofunika kwambiri pogwiritsa ntchito makobidi osiyanasiyana. Pa nthawi ina anaphunzitsa anthu pogwiritsa ntchito “timakobidi tiwiri tating’ono” timene mkazi wamasiye amene wanenedwa m’lemba lili pamwambapa anapereka. Nthawi inanso Yesu anatchula za khobidi lotchedwa dinari pofuna kuthandiza otsatira ake kuti azilemekeza maulamuliro.a​—Mateyu 22:17-21.

Kodi n’chifukwa chiyani anthu anayamba kugwiritsira ntchito ndalama? Kodi kale ankapanga bwanji ndalama ndipo ankazigwiritsa ntchito bwanji? Nanga kodi Baibulo limatiphunzitsa kuti ndalama tiziziona bwanji?

Anasiya Malonda a Msintho N’kuyamba Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zitsulo Zamtengo Wapatali

Anthu asanayambe kupanga ndalama, ankachita malonda a msintho. Pa malonda amenewa anthu ankasinthana katundu wofanana mtengo, kapenanso munthu ankagwira ntchito yogwirizana ndi zimene akufuna kuti munthu wina amupatse kapena amuchitire. Komabe zimenezi zinali ndi mavuto ake. Kuti zinthu ziyende, pankafunika kuti pa anthu awiri amene akufuna kusinthana katunduwo, aliyense akhale woti akufunadi katundu amene mnzakeyo ali naye. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, anthu amalondawo ankafunika kunyamula kapena kusamalira katundu wolemera monga ziweto kapena matumba a zokolola.

Patapita nthawi, amalonda anaona kuti panafunika kupeza china chake choti azigwiritsa ntchito akafuna kugula ndiponso kugulitsa katundu. Choncho anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zazitsulo zamtengo wapatali monga golide, siliva ndi mkuwa. Pachithunzi chili m’munsichi, munthu akugula zinthu kapena kulipira ntchito imene wina wamuchitira. Munthuyu akugwiritsa ntchito miyala ya mtengo wapatali komanso zodzikongoletsera zopangidwa ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali. Asanasinthanitse zinthu zoterezi ndi katundu amene akufunayo, ankayamba aziyeza kaye mosamala kwambiri pa masikelo olondola. Mwachitsanzo, pamene Abulahamu ankafuna kugula manda oti aike Sara mkazi wake, anayeza kaye siliva wolemera masekeli amene ankafunika kuti alipire mandawo.​—Genesis 23:14-16.

Pa nthawi imene Yehova anapatsa Aisiraeli Chilamulo, amalonda achinyengo ankagwiritsa ntchito masikelo awonongeka kapenanso abodza ndi cholinga choti azibera makasitomala. Yehova Mulungu amadana ndi chinyengo moti anauza Aisiraeli amene ankagulitsa malonda kuti: “Muzikhala ndi masikelo olondola [ndi] miyala yolondola yoyezera kulemera kwa zinthu.” (Levitiko 19:36; Miyambo 11:1) Masiku ano, anthu amene amagulitsa malonda ayenera kukumbukira kuti Yehova sanasinthe maganizo ake pa nkhani ya mmene amaonera anthu okonda ndalama komanso anthu amene amachita chinyengo.​—Malaki 3:6; 1 Akorinto 6:9, 10.

Kodi Ndalama Zachitsulo Ankazipanga Bwanji?

Zikuoneka kuti ndalama zoyambirira zachitsulo zinapangidwa ku Lidiya (komwe masiku ano ndi ku Turkey) isanafike 700 B.C.E. Kenako anthu ogwiritsa ntchito zitsulo a m’mayiko osiyanasiyana anayamba kupanga ndalama zachitsulo zambiri. Zimenezi zinachititsa kuti anthu a m’mayiko onse otchulidwa m’Baibulo ayambe kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama.

Kodi ndalama zachitsulo ankazipanga bwanji? Munthu wogwira ntchito imeneyi ankawotcha zitsulo muuvuni mpaka zitsulozo zinkasanduka chiphalaphala. Kenako (1) ankachotsa chiphalaphalacho muuvunimo n’kuchithira m’timaenje tozungulira ndipo ankadikira kuti chizizire. (2) Pankapangika tizitsulo tozungulira tosalemba chilichonse. (3) Ankaika tizitsuloto pakati pa zodindira ziwiri zokhala ndi zizindikiro kapena zithunzi. (4) Ankakhoma pamwamba pa zodindira zija ndi hamala n’cholinga choti chithunzi kapena chizindikiro chomwe chili pa chodindiracho chidindike pa kachitsuloko. Munthu wodinda ndalama ankafunika kusamala chifukwa akamadinda ndalamazo mofulumira, nthawi zambiri zinkadindika pambali. (5) Akamaliza kudinda ndalamazo, ankaziika m’magulumagulu, kuziyeza kulemera kwake n’cholinga choti aone ngati zikulemera mofanana ndi zina zagulu lomwelo ndipo ankaonanso ngati pakufunika kuzidulira kuti zioneke bwino.

Osintha Ndalama, Okhometsa Msonkho Ndiponso Osunga Ndalama

M’nthawi ya atumwi, ku Palesitina kunkapezeka ndalama za m’mayiko osiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, anthu akamabwera ku Yerusalemu ankabweretsa ndalama zakunja. Komabe anthu oyang’anira pa kachisi ankalandira ndalama za msonkho wapakachisipo pokhapokha ngati ndalamazo zili zovomerezeka. Panalinso anthu osintha ndalama omwe ankachita malonda m’kachisimo ndipo kawirikawiri ankasintha ndalama zakunja ndi ndalama zovomerezekazo pa mtengo wokwera. Yesu anadzudzula anthu adyera amenewa. Kodi n’chifukwa chiyani anachita zimenezi? Chifukwa chakuti anthu amenewa anasandutsa nyumba ya Yehova kukhala “nyumba ya malonda” ndi “phanga la achifwamba.”​—Yohane 2:13-16; Mateyu 21:12, 13.

Anthu okhala ku Palesitina ankafunikanso kupereka misonkho yosiyanasiyana ku boma. Umodzi mwa misonkho imeneyi unali “msonkho” umene anthu ena anafunsa Yesu ngati unali woyenera kupereka. (Mateyu 22:17) Panalinso misonkho monga wolipirira misewu komanso wa katundu wolowa ndi kutuluka m’dziko. Ku Palesitina anthu amene ankagwira ntchito m’boma yokhometsa misonkho, anali ndi mbiri yakuti anali achinyengo, zimene zinkachititsa kuti anthu aziwanyoza. (Maliko 2:16) Okhometsa misonkho ankapezerapo mwayi woti alemere chifukwa ankakweza mtengo wa ndalama zamsonkho n’kumatengapo zapamwambazo. Komabe, panali okhometsa msonkho ena monga Zakeyo amene anasiya kuchita zachinyengozi atamvera uthenga wa Yesu. (Luka 19:1-10) Masiku anonso, aliyense amene akufuna kukhala wotsatira wa Khristu ayenera kuchita zinthu zonse moona mtima kuphatikizapo nkhani zamalonda.​—Aheberi 13:18.

Enanso amene ntchito yawo inali yogwirizana ndi ndalama, anali anthu osunga ndalama. Kuwonjezera pa kusintha ndalama zakunja, anthu amenewa ankasunga ndalama za anthu, kupereka ngongole komanso kupereka chiwongoladzanja kwa anthu amene awasungitsa ndalama. Yesu anatchula za anthu amenewa m’fanizo la akapolo amene anapatsidwa ndalama zosiyanasiyana kuti achitire bizinezi.​—Mateyu 25:26, 27.

Tisamakonde Ndalama

M’mayiko ambiri masiku ano, munthu ayenera kupeza ndalama kuti athe kugula zinthu zofunika. Ndipo mawu omwe Mulungu anauzira Mfumu Solomo kuti alembe zaka zambiri zapitazo adakali oona. Iye analemba kuti: “Ndalama zimatetezera.” Koma Solomo ananenanso kuti nzeru ndi zofunika kuposa ndalama chifukwa “zimasunga moyo wa eni nzeruzo.” (Mlaliki 7:12) Nzeru zoterezo zimapezeka m’Baibulo.

Yesu analangiza ophunzira ake kuti asamakonde ndalama. Iye ananena kuti: “Ngakhale munthu atakhala ndi zochuluka chotani, moyo wake suchokera m’zinthu zimene ali nazo.”(Luka 12:15) Mofanana ndi ophunzira a Yesu a m’nthawi ya atumwi, timasonyeza kuti tili ndi nzeru tikamagwiritsa ntchito ndalama moyenera, kuchita zinthu moona mtima komanso kupewa kuyamba kukonda ndalama.​—1 Timoteyo 6:9, 10.

[Mawu a M’munsi]

[Bokosi/​Zithunzi patsamba 26]

Ndalama Zakale Zachitsulo

● Imodzi mwa ndalama zazing’ono kwambiri zimene ankagwiritsa ntchito ku Palesitina m’nthawi ya atumwi, inali lepitoni ya mkuwa. Ndalama imeneyi inkadziwikanso kuti kakobiri kakang’ono. Munthu ankapatsidwa timalepitoni tiwiri akangogwira ntchito mphindi 15. N’kutheka kuti mkazi wamasiye uja anaponya timakobiri tiwiri timeneti moponyamo ndalama m’kachisi.​—Maliko 12:42.

● Dalakima ya siliva inali ndalama ya Agiriki ndipo anali malipiro a munthu amene wagwira ntchito tsiku lonse. (Luka 15:8, 9) Ndalama imene amuna onse achiyuda ankapereka chaka ndi chaka monga msonkho wapakachisi inali madalakima awiri.​—Mateyu 17:24.

● Dinari yasiliva inali ndalama ya Aroma yomwe inali ndi chithunzi cha Kaisara. Choncho inkaonedwa kuti ndi yoyenera kuperekedwa monga “ndalama ya chiphaso.” Mu ulamuliro wa Aroma, amuna onse achiyuda ankayenera kupereka ndalama imeneyi. (Aroma 13:7) Munthu akagwira ntchito tsiku lonse maola 12, ankayenera kulipidwa dinari limodzi.​—Mateyu 20:2-14.

● Sekeli ya siliva inali ya ku Turo ndipo inkagwiritsidwa ntchito ku Palesitina pa nthawi imene Yesu anali padziko lapansi. “Ndalama 30 zasiliva” zimene ansembe aakulu analipira Yudasi Isikariyoti kuti apereke Yesu, ziyenera kuti zinali masekeli a ku Turo.​—Mateyu 26:14-16.

Zithunzi zosonyeza mmene ndalamazi zinkaonekera