Kodi Malamulo Amene Mulungu Anapatsa Aisiraeli Anali Achilungamo?

NTHAWI ina m’mbuyomu, makhoti a m’dziko lina anagwiritsira ntchito umboni wabodza poweruza anthu awiri omwe ankawaganizira kuti anapha anthu. Anthuwa anaweruzidwa kuti aphedwe. Zitadziwika kuti umboniwu unali wabodza, maloya anayamba kumenyera ufulu wa anthu oimbidwa mlanduwa. Zimenezi zinathandiza kuti mmodzi asaphedwe. Koma n’zomvetsa chisoni kuti pa nthawiyi n’kuti munthu winayo ataphedwa kale.

Izi zikusonyeza kuti nthawi zina oweruza saweruza milandu mwachilungamo. N’chifukwa chake Baibulo limalimbikitsa oweruza kuti ‘azitsatira chilungamo.’ (Deuteronomo 16:20) Oweruza milandu akamaweruza mwachilungamo, anthu amatetezeka. Chilamulo chimene Mulungu anapatsa Aisiraeli chinali chosakondera komanso chachilungamo. Tiyeni tikambirane za Chilamulochi kuti tione umboni wosonyeza kuti ‘njira za [Mulungu] zonse ndi zolungama.’—Deuteronomo 32:4.

ANASANKHA “AMUNA ANZERU, ALUSO NDI OZINDIKIRA”

Oweruza akakhala anzeru, osakondera komanso odana ndi ziphuphu, zinthu zimayenda bwino. Chilamulo chimene Mulungu anapatsa Aisiraeli chinali ndi mfundo zimene zinkathandiza oweruza kuti akhale ndi makhalidwe amenewa. Aisiraeli atangoyamba kumene ulendo wawo wa m’chipululu, Mose anauzidwa kuti apeze ‘amuna oyenerera, oopa Mulungu, okhulupirika komanso odana ndi kupeza phindu mwachinyengo’ kuti akhale oweruza. (Ekisodo 18:21, 22) Patapita zaka 40, Mose anauzanso Aisiraeli kuti asankhe “amuna anzeru, aluso ndi ozindikira” kuti akhale oweruza.—Deuteronomo 1:13-17.

Patatha zaka zambiri, Yehosafati,a yemwe anali mfumu ya Ayuda, analamula oweruza kuti: “Samalani zochita zanu chifukwa simukuweruzira munthu koma mukuweruzira Yehova, ndipo iye ali nanu pa ntchito yoweruzayi. Tsopano mantha a Yehova akugwireni. Samalani mmene mukuchitira chifukwa Yehova Mulungu wathu si wopanda chilungamo kapena watsankho, ndipo salandira chiphuphu.” (2 Mbiri 19:6, 7) Apa mfumuyi inkakumbutsa oweruza kuti akamaweruza mokondera komanso chifukwa cha dyera, Mulungu adzawaimba mlandu.

Oweruza a ku Isiraeli akamatsatira mfundo zimenezi, Aisiraeli ankaona kuti ndi otetezeka. Komatu Chilamulo cha Mulungu chinaperekanso mfundo kwa oweruza zimene zikanawathandiza kuti aziweruza mwachilungamo, ngakhale milandu yovuta kwambiri. Kodi mfundo zake zinali zotani?

MFUNDO ZOMWE ZINKAWATHANDIZA KUWERUZA MWACHILUNGAMO

Ngakhale kuti oweruza amene ankasankhidwa ankakhala anzeru komanso aluso, sikuti ankangodalira nzeru zawo poweruza milandu. Yehova Mulungu anawapatsa mfundo komanso malangizo amene ankawathandiza kuti aziweruza bwino milandu. Tiyeni tikambirane zina mwa mfundo zimenezi.

Ankayenera kufufuza mokwanira. Kudzera mwa Mose, Mulungu analangiza oweruza a ku Isiraeli kuti: “Mukamazenga mlandu wa pakati pa abale anu, muziweruza mwachilungamo.” (Deuteronomo 1:16) Oweruza angaweruze mwachilungamo pokhapokha ngati akudziwa zonse zokhudza nkhaniyo. Chifukwa cha zimenezi Mulungu analangiza oweruza kuti: “Muzifunafuna, kufufuza ndi kufunsitsa za nkhani imeneyo.” Oweruza asanayambe kuzenga mlandu m’khoti, ankayenera kutsimikizira kuti mlanduwo ndi woona.—Deuteronomo 13:14; 17:4.

Pankafunika kukhala mboni. Pofufuza mlandu, pankafunika kukhala anthu ochitira umboni mlanduwo. Chilamulo cha Mulungu chinanena kuti: “Munthu akachita tchimo, mboni imodzi si yokwanira kutsimikizira kuti wachitadi cholakwacho kapena tchimo lililonse. Muzitsimikizira nkhaniyo mutamva umboni wapakamwa pa mboni ziwiri kapena zitatu.” (Deuteronomo 19:15) Mulungu analamula anthu ochitira umboni mlandu kuti: “Usagwirizane ndi munthu woipa mwa kukhala mboni yokonzera wina zoipa.”—Ekisodo 23:1.

Mboni zinkafunika kunena zoona zokhazokha. Chilango chimene chinkaperekedwa ngati munthu wapereka umboni wabodza pa mlandu, chinkathandiza anthu kunena zoona. Chilamulo chinkanena kuti: “Pamenepo oweruza azifufuza nkhaniyo mosamala. Mboniyo ikapezeka kuti ndi yonama ndipo yaneneza m’bale wake mlandu wonama, muziichitira zimene inafuna kuti zichitikire m’bale wakezo, ndipo muzichotsa woipayo pakati panu.” (Deuteronomo 19:18, 19) Choncho munthu akapereka umboni wabodza kukhoti pofuna kutenga chuma cha mnzake, munthuyo ankayenera kulipira mofanana ndi zimene wonamiziridwayo akanapereka. Munthu akanamizira mnzake, amene akudziwa kuti ndi wosalakwa n’cholinga choti aphedwe, nayenso ankayenera kuphedwa. Malangizo amenewa ankathandiza anthu kuti azinena zoona zokhazokha.

Ankafunika kupereka chigamulo mosakondera. Pakakhala umboni wokwanira woti munthu walakwa, oweruza ankafunika kupereka chigamulo. Zikafika apa, ankafunika kutsatira mosamala lamulo la Mulungu lakuti: “Musamaweruze mopanda chilungamo. Musamakondere munthu wosauka, ndiponso musamakondere munthu wolemera. Mnzako uzimuweruza mwachilungamo.” (Levitiko 19:15) Pa mlandu uliwonse, oweruza ankafunika kupereka chigamulo mogwirizana ndi zimene munthu walakwitsa, osati potengera mmene akuonekera kapena udindo wake.

Ngakhale kuti mfundo zimenezi zinalembedwa kale kwambiri m’Chilamulo cha Mulungu, zikadali zothandizabe kwambiri poweruza milandu masiku ano. Oweruza atamatsatira mfundo zimenezi, milandu ikhoza kumaweruzidwa mwachilungamo komanso mosakondera.

Woweruza akumvetsera pamene anthu awiri akufunsana — Oweruza atamatsatira mfundo za m’Chilamulo cha Mulungu, akhoza kumaweruza mwachilungamo komanso mosakondera

AISIRAELI AKAMAMVERA MALAMULO A MULUNGU ZINTHU ZINKAWAYENDERA BWINO

Mose anafunsa Aisiraeli funso lakuti: “Ndi mtundu winanso uti wamphamvu umene uli ndi malangizo ndi zigamulo zolungama zofanana ndi chilamulo chonsechi chimene ndikukuikirani pamaso panu lero?” (Deuteronomo 4:8) Palibenso mtundu wina umene unkapindula ndi Chilamulo cha Mulungu ngati mmene Aisiraeli ankachitira. Mwachitsanzo nthawi imene Mfumu Solomo inkatsatira Chilamulo cha Mulungu, anthu ‘ankakhala mwabata,’ zinthu zinkawayendera bwino “ndipo anali kudya, kumwa, ndi kusangalala.”—1 Mafumu 4:20, 25.

Koma n’zomvetsa chisoni kuti patapita nthawi Aisiraeli anasiya kumvera Mulungu. Kudzera mwa mneneri Yeremiya, Mulungu ananena kuti: “Taonani! Iwo akana mawu a Yehova. Kodi ali ndi nzeru yotani tsopano?” (Yeremiya 8:9) Kusamvera kwawoku kunachititsa kuti mzinda wa Yerusalemu ukhale ‘ndi mlandu wa magazi,’ komanso kuti mumzindawu muzichitika ‘zonyansa zonse.’—Ezekieli 22:2; Yeremiya 25:11.

Mneneri Yesaya ankakhala ku Isiraeli pa nthawi imene zinthu zinali zitaipa kwambiri m’dzikolo. Atakumbukira mmene zinthu zinkayendera bwino pa nthawi imene Aisiraeli ankatsatira malamulo a Mulungu, ananena za ubwino wa Mulungu komanso malamulo ake. Iye anati: “Chifukwa mukadzaweruza dziko lapansi, anthu okhala panthaka ya dzikolo adzaphunzira chilungamo.”—Yesaya 26:9.

Yesaya anasangalala kwambiri kulengeza ulosi wonena za ulamuliro wa Yesu Khristu. Iye anati: “Sadzaweruza potengera zimene wangoona ndi maso ake, kapena kudzudzula potengera zimene wangomva ndi makutu ake.Adzaweruza mwachilungamo anthu onyozeka ndipo adzadzudzula anthu mowongoka mtima, pothandiza ofatsa a padziko lapansi.” (Yesaya 11:3, 4) Izitu zikusonyeza kuti anthu amene amamvera malamulo a Mulungu adzasangalala kwabasi Yesu akadzayamba kulamulira dziko lapansili.—Mateyu 6:10.

a Dzina lakuti Yehosafati limatanthauza “Yehova Ndi Woweruza.”

Kodi Chilamulo cha Mulungu Chinkalimbikitsa Kubwezera?

Anthu amakhala ndi maganizo osiyanasiyana pa tanthauzo la mawu opezeka m’Baibulo akuti, “diso kulipira diso, dzino kulipira dzino.” (Ekisodo 21:24) Ena amaona kuti mawuwa amasonyeza kuti Mulungu amaloleza kubwezera. Koma zimenezi ndi zosiyana ndi lamulo la Mulungu lakuti: “Usabwezere choipa kapena kusungira chakukhosi anthu amtundu wako.” (Levitiko 19:18) Ndiye kodi n’chiyani chingatithandize kumvetsa tanthauzo la mawu amenewa?

Lemba la Ekisodo 21:22 limanena zimene zinkachitika amuna awiri akamamenyana, mmodzi n’kuvulaza kwambiri mkazi wapakati moti mkaziyo n’kubereka mwana nthawi yake yobereka isanakwane. Mwamuna wa mkazi wovulazidwayo sankayenera kubwezera. M’malomwake, ‘wovulaza mkaziyo ankayenera kulipira malinga ndi zimene mwiniwake wa mkaziyo angagamule. Ankafunika kupereka malipirowo kudzera mwa oweruza.’ M’mawu ena tingati, oweruza ndi amene ankaonetsetsa kuti munthu wapereka chindapusa kwa mwamuna wa mkazi wovulazidwayo. Koma ngati mkaziyo kapena mwanayo wamwalira, oweruza omwewo ndi amene ankalamula kuti munthuyo aphedwe.

Choncho, oweruza osati munthu wolakwiridwayo, ndi amene ankafunika kugwiritsa ntchito lamulo lakuti, “moyo kulipira moyo, . . diso kulipira diso, dzino kulipira dzino . . ,” poweruza mlanduwo. (Ekisodo 21:23, 24) Mfundo imeneyi inkathandiza oweruza kuti asamapereke chilango chochepa kwambiri kapena chokhwima kwambiri poyerekeza ndi zimene munthu walakwitsa. Katswiri wina wa Baibulo, dzina lake Richard Elliott Friedman, ananena kuti: “Mfundo yaikulu m’lamuloli ndi yakuti chilango chinkafunika kukhala chogwirizana ndi zimene munthu walakwa.”

N’chiyani chinkapangitsa anthu kuganiza kuti Chilamulo cha Mulungu chinkalimbikitsa kubwezera? N’zochititsa chidwi kuti palemba la Mateyu 5:38, 39, Yesu ananena kuti: “Inu munamva kuti anati, ‘Diso kulipira diso, ndi dzino kulipira dzino.’ Koma ine ndikukuuzani kuti: Usalimbane ndi munthu woipa, koma wina akakumenya mbama patsaya lakumanja, umutembenuzirenso linalo.” Zikuoneka kuti pofika m’nthawi ya Yesu, atsogoleri ena a chipembedzo ankauza anthu kuti lemba la Ekisodo 21:23, 24, limaloleza anthu kubwezera. Koma zimene Yesu ananena mu lemba lili pamwambali zikusonyeza kuti Chilamulo cha Mulungu sichinkalimbikitsa anthu kuti azibwezera.