mphulupulu, kuchita zoipitsa, ndi kunena za Yehova molakwira, kusoŵetsa konse mtima wanjala, ndi kulepheretsa chakumwa cha waludzu.” (Yerekezerani ndi Yesaya 65:13, 14.)

Kodi mpatuko ngwaupandu motani?

2 Pet. 2:1: “Amene adzaloŵa nayo mtseri mipatuko yotaikitsa, nadzakana Ambuye amene adawagula, nadzadzitengera iwo okha chitayiko chakudza msanga.”

Yobu 13:16, NW: “Wampatuko sadzafika pamaso pake [pa Mulungu].”

Aheb. 6:4-6: “Sikutheka kuwakonzanso, atembenuke mtima, iwo amene anawonetsedwa panthaŵi yake, nalaŵa mphatso yakumwamba, nakhala olandirana naye mzimu woyera, nalaŵa mawu okoma a Mulungu, ndi mphamvu ya nthaŵi irinkudza, koma anagwa m’chisokero [“ngati panthaŵiyo achita mpatuko,” RS]; popeza adzipachikiranso okha Mwana wa Mulungu, namchititsa manyazi poyera.”

Mtanda

Tanthauzo: Chiwiya chimene Yesu Kristu anaphedwerapo chimanenedwa ndi ambiri m’Dziko Lachikristu kukhala mtanda. Liwulo likuchokera ku liwu Lachilatini lakuti crux.

Kodi nchifukwa ninji mabukhu a Watch Tower amasonyeza Yesu ali pamtengo manja ali pamwamba pa mutu wake mmalo mwa pamtanda wodziŵika?

Liwu Lachigiriki lotembenuzidwa “mtanda” m’matembenuzidwe amakono ambiri a Baibulo (“mtengo wozunzirapo” mu NW) ndiro stau·rosʹ. M’Chigiriki chakale, liwuli linatanthauza mzati, kapena mlongoti. Pambuyo pake linadzagwiritsiridwa ntchito kukhala mtengo wonyongera wokhala ndi thabwa lopingasa. The Imperial Bible-Dictionary limavomereza zimenezi, kumati: “Liwu Lachigriki la mtanda, [stau·rosʹ], moyenerera limatanthauza mtengo, mzati, mlongoti, kapena mtengo wonyongera pamene chinthu chirichonse chingakoloŵekedwe, kapena chimene chingagwiritsiridwe ntchito kukhomerapo [kuchinga] chigawo cha malo. . . . Ngakhale pakati pa Aroma crux (kuchokera kumene liwu lathu lakuti mtanda latembenuzidwako) limawonekera kukhala litatanthauza mlongoti woongoka poyambirirapo.”—Lolembedwa ndi P. Fairbairn (London, 1874), Vol. I, p. 376.

Kodi zimenezo zinali choncho ndi kuphedwa kwa Mwana wa Mulungu? Nkokondweretsa kuwona kuti Baibulo limagwiritsiranso ntchito liwu lakuti xyʹlon kusonyeza chiwiya chogwiritsiridwa ntchito. A Greek-English Lexicon, lolembedwa ndi Liddell ndi Scott, limapereka lotsatirali kukhala tanthauzo: “Mtengo wodulidwa ndi wokonzekeretsedwa kugwiritsiridwa ntchito, chikuni, thabwa, ndi zina zotero . . . chimtengo, chipika, nduku, nsanamira . . . chibonga . . . mtengo pa umene apandu anakhomeredwapo . . . pachikuni chomera, mtengo.” Limanenanso “mu NT, za mtanda,” ndipo limatchula Machitidwe 5:30 ndi 10:39 monga zitsanzo. (Oxford, 1968, pp. 1191, 1192) Komabe, m’mavesi amenewo KJ, RS, JB, ndi Dy amamasulira xyʹlon monga “mtengo.” (Yerekezerani kumasulira kumeneku ndi Agalatiya 3:13; Deuteronomo 21:22, 23.) Pa Mateyu 26:47 liwu Lachigiriki limodzimodzilo likugwiritsiridwa ntchito kutanthauza “zibonga” zonyamulidwa ndi awo amene anafika limodzi ndi Yudase kudzagwira Yesu m’munda wa Getsemane.

Bukhulo The Non-Christian Cross, lolembedwa ndi J. D. Parsons (London, 1896), limati: “Palibe ngakhale mawu amodzi olembedwa mu alionse a mabukhu olembedwa ambiriwo opanga Chipangano Chatsopano, amene, m’Chigiriki choyamba, ali ndi umboni ngakhale wosakhala wachindunji wosonyeza kuti stauros yogwiritsiridwa ntchito kupachikapo Yesu sinali chinthu china kusiyapo mtengo wamba; koposa kotani nanga chenicheni chakuti iyo sinali thabwa limodzi, koma zidutswa ziŵiri zokhomeredwa pamodzi mu mpangadwe wa mtanda. . . . Aphunzitsi athuwo ngosokeretsa kwambiri kutembenuza liwu lakuti stauros kukhala ‘mtanda’ pamene otembenuza mabukhu Achigiriki a Tchalitchi m’chinenero chathu, ndi kuchirikiza chochitika chimenecho mwa kuika ‘mtanda’ m’mabukhu athu omasulira mawu kukhala tanthauzo stauros popanda kufotokoza mosamalitsa kuti mwanjira iriyonse limenelo silinali tanthauzo loyambirira la liwulo m’masiku a Atumwi, silinakhale tanthauzo lake lalikulu kufikira nthaŵi yaitali pambuyo pake, ndipo zinatero, ngati ziri choncho, chifukwa chokha chakuti, mosasamala kanthu za kusoŵeka kwa umboni wotsimikizira, kunali kaamba ka chifukwa china choyerekezera chakuti stauros imene Yesu anaphedwerapo inali ndi mpangidwe wina.”—Pp. 23, 24; wonaninso The Companion Bible (London, 1885), Zowonjezeredwa Na. 162.