Kodi bodzali linayamba bwanji?

Buku lina limanena kuti Akhristu ena, omwenso anali akatswiri a maphunziro anzeru zapamwamba, anatengera chikhulupiriro cha Agiriki chakuti pali chinthu chinachake chimene sichimafa munthu akamwalira ndipo amati chinthu chimenechi chimaikidwa mwa munthu panthawi yake yobadwa.​—The New Encyclopædia Britannica (1988), Voliyumu 11, tsamba 25.

Kodi Baibulo limati chiyani?

Limanena kuti: “Mpweya wake uchoka, abwerera kumka ku nthaka yake; tsiku lomwelo zotsimikiza mtima zake zitayika.”​—Salmo 146:4.

Kodi anthu ali ndi chinthu chinachake, kapena kuti “mzimu,” chimene sichifa munthu akamwalira? Baibulo limaphunzitsa kuti Mulungu anaika mwa nyama ndiponso anthu mphamvu ya moyo, kapena kuti mzimu. Mphamvu imeneyi imakhalapo chifukwa chakuti nyama kapena munthuyo akupuma. Ndipo mphamvu imeneyi imathandiza kuti thupi likhale lamoyo. Komabe, nyama kapena munthu akasiya kupuma, mphamvu imeneyi imasiya kugwira ntchito ndipo amafa. Choncho, nyama ndiponso anthu akafa, sazindikira chilichonse.​—Genesis 3:19; Mlaliki 3:19-21; 9:5.

Kuyambira kale, chikhulupiriro chakuti chinthu china mwa munthu sichifa munthuyo akamwalira, chimayambitsa mafunso akuti: Kodi chinthu chimene sichifacho chimapita kuti munthuyo akamwalira? Kodi anthu oipa chimawachitikira n’chiyani akamwalira? Anthu amene ankati ndi Akhristu atayamba kukhulupirira bodza lakuti chinthu china chimakhalabe ndi moyo munthuyo akamwalira, anayambanso kukhulupirira bodza lina lakuti anthu oipa amakapsa kumoto.

Yerekezani ndi mavesi awa: Mlaliki 3:19; Mateyo 10:28; Machitidwe 3:23

Kodi bodzali linayamba bwanji?

Buku lina limati: “Pa akatswiri onse achigiriki a maphunziro a nzeru zapamwamba, Plato ndi yemwe anakopa anthu ambiri.”​—Histoire des enfer (Mbiri ya Moto wa Helo), lolembedwa ndi Georges Minois, tsamba 50.

Buku linanso linati: “Kuyambira chapakati pa zaka za m’ma 100 AD, Akhristu amene anaphunzira nzeru za Agiriki anayamba kuganiza kuti n’kofunika kuti aziphunzitsa zimene iwo ankakhulupirira mogwirizana ndi nzeru za anthu amenewa . . . Ndipo iwo anasankha kuti azitsatira nzeru za Plato.”​—The New Encyclopædia Britannica (1988), Voliyumu 25, tsamba 890.

Buku lina lachikatolika limati: “Zimene tchalitchichi chimaphunzitsa zimatsimikizira kuti anthu amakapsa kumoto kwa muyaya. Munthu woipa akangofa, mzimu wake umapita kumoto, kumene ‘umakazunzika kwamuyaya.’ Pamenepa, chilango chachikulu chimakhala kusayanjananso ndi Mulungu.”​—Catechism of the Catholic Church, la mu 1994, tsamba 270.

Kodi Baibulo limati chiyani?

Limanena kuti: “Amoyo adziwa kuti tidzafa; koma akufa sadziwa kanthu bi, . . . pakuti mulibe ntchito ngakhale kulingirira ngakhale kudziwa, ngakhale nzeru, kumanda ulikupitako.”​—Mlaliki 9:5, 10.

Kodi lembali likusonyeza kuti chimachitika n’chiyani munthu akafa? Kodi amakapsa kumoto pomulanga chifukwa cha machimo amene anachita? Ayi, chifukwa lembali likuti: “Sadziwa kanthu.” N’chifukwa chake panthawi imene Yobu ankavutika kwambiri chifukwa cha matenda aakulu, anapempha Mulungu kuti: “Mukadandibisa kumanda.” (Yobu 14:13) Zimenezi zikanakhala zosamveka zikanakhala kuti kumanda kumene anthu amapita amakapsa ndi moto. Mfundo ndi yakuti anthu akufa sachita chilichonse.

Ndiponso Mulungu ndi wachikondi ndipo palibe mlandu umene munthu angapalamule umene ungamuchititse kuti azunzidwe mpaka kalekale. (1 Yohane 4:8) Koma ngati zili zabodza kuti anthu oipa amakapsa kumoto, nanga bwanji nkhani yakuti anthu abwino amapita kumwamba?

Yerekezani ndi mavesi awa: Salmo 146:3, 4; Machitidwe 2:25-27; Aroma 6:7, 23

Kodi bodzali linayamba bwanji?

Chakumayambiriro kwa m’ma 100 C.E., atumwi a Yesu atatha kufa, anthu ena amene ankatchedwa Abambo a Tchalitchi anayamba kutchuka. Pofotokoza zimene ankaphunzitsa, buku lina limanena kuti: “Mfundo imene ankakonda kuphunzitsa inali yakuti mizimu ya anthu akufa imayeretsedwa ndipo kenako imakalowa kumwamba kukasangalala.”​—New Catholic Encyclopedia (2003), Voliyumu 6, tsamba 687.

Kodi Baibulo limati chiyani?

Limanena kuti: “Osangalala ali iwo amene ali ofatsa, popeza adzalandira dziko lapansi.”​—Mateyo 5:5.

Ngakhale kuti Yesu analonjeza ophunzira ake kuti akupita kumwamba ‘kukawakonzera malo,’ iye sanasonyeze kuti anthu onse olungama amapita kumwamba. (Yohane 3:13; 14:2, 3) Ndiponso, kodi Yesu sanapemphere kuti chifuniro cha Mulungu chichitike “monga kumwamba, chomwechonso pansi pano”? (Mateyo 6:9, 10) Zoona zake n’zakuti pali malo awiri amene anthu olungama angayembekeze kudzakhala. Anthu ochepa adzapita kumwamba kukalamulira ndi Khristu, koma anthu ambiri adzakhala ndi moyo kosatha padziko lino lapansi.​—Chivumbulutso 5:10.

Patapita nthawi, tchalitchi choyambirira chinasiya udindo wake padziko lapansili. Kodi zotsatira zake zinali zotani? Buku lina linati: “Tchalitchichi chinasiya kuyembekezera Ufumu wa Mulungu.” (The New Encyclopædia Britannica) Ndipo pofuna kuti tchalitchichi chikhale ndi mphamvu, chinayamba kulowerera ndale ponyalanyaza malangizo omveka bwino a Yesu akuti otsatira ake ‘sali mbali ya dzikoli.’ (Yohane 15:19; 17:14-16; 18:36) Ndipo mfumu ina yachiroma, dzina lake Kositantini, inalimbikitsa anthu a m’tchalitchichi kusiya zimene ankakhulupirira poyamba, monga nkhani yonena za mmene Mulungu alili.

Yerekezani ndi mavesi awa: Salmo 37:10, 11, 29; Yohane 17:3; 2 Timoteyo 2:11, 12

Kodi bodzali linayamba bwanji?

Buku linalake lachikatolika limati: “Titafufuza mokwanira tingathe kuona kuti chiphunzitso chakuti pali milungu itatu mwa Mulungu mmodzi chinayambika chakumapeto kwa zaka za m’ma 300 C.E. Ndipo zimenezi n’zoona . . . chifukwa zaka za m’ma 300 C.E. zisanathe, Akhristu anali asanayambe kukhulupirira kuti pali ‘milungu itatu mwa Mulungu mmodzi.’”​—New Catholic Encyclopedia (1967), Voliyumu 14, tsamba 299.

Buku lina limanena kuti: “Pamsonkhano wa ku Nesiya, umene unachitika pa May 20, 325 [C.E.], Kositantini ndi amene ankatsogolera zokambiranazo. Iye anatchula . . . mfundo yaikulu yosonyeza kugwirizana kwa Khristu ndi Mulungu potsatira zimene anthu anagwirizana pamsonkhanowo, ‘zakuti Yesu ndi wofanana ndi Atate.’. . . Chifukwa choopa mfumuyo, mabishopu onse, kupatulapo awiri okha, anasainira mfundoyo ndipo ambiri anachita zimenezi ngakhale kuti zinali zosiyana ndi zimene ankakhulupirira.”​—Encyclopædia Britannica (1970), Voliyumu 6, tsamba 386.

Kodi Baibulo limati chiyani?

Limanena kuti: “[Sitefano], pokhala wodzazidwa ndi mzimu woyera, anayang’anitsitsa kumwamba ndi kuona ulemelero wa Mulungu ndi wa Yesu ataimirira kudzanja lamanja la Mulungu. Ndipo ananena kuti: ‘Taonani! Ndikuona kumwamba kotseguka, ndipo Mwana wa munthu ali chiimirire kudzanja lamanja la Mulungu.’”​—Machitidwe 7:55, 56.

Kodi lembali likusonyeza chiyani? Sitefano atadzazidwa ndi mzimu woyera anaona Yesu “ataimirira kudzanja lamanja la Mulungu.” Choncho Yesu ataukitsidwa kupita kumwamba, sanakakhale Mulungu, koma anali munthu wauzimu payekha. Ndipo m’masomphenya akewa, Sitefano sanaone munthu wachitatu ataima pafupi ndi Mulungu. Wansembe wina wachikatolika, dzina lake Marie-Émile Boismard, anayesetsa kufufuza malemba ogwirizana ndi chiphunzitso chakuti pali milungu itatu mwa Mulungu mmodzi, ndipo analemba kuti: “M’Chipangano Chatsopano . . . mulibe mawu osonyeza kuti pali anthu atatu mwa Mulungu mmodzi.”​—À l’aube du christianisme​—La naissance des dogmes (Ziphunzitso Zimene Zinayambika Chikhristu Chitangoyamba Kumene).

Kositantini ankalimbikitsa chiphunzitsochi pofuna kuthetsa kusiyana maganizo kumene kunalipo mumpingo m’zaka za m’ma 300 C.E. Komabe, chiphunzitsochi chinayambitsa funso lina lakuti: Kodi Mariya amene anabereka Yesu, anali “Amayi a Mulungu”?

Yerekezani ndi mavesi awa: Mateyo 26:39; Yohane 14:28; 1 Akorinto 15:27, 28; Akolose 1:15, 16