Timgad—Omatunthu Epundaumbo Ahololola Etyi Tyalimo

OMUOVOLOLI umwe ketavelele kuetyi amona. Momaluhandya omanene o Algéria kuavasiwa otyimato tyina ombundi tyinkhimaneka ovita vio Roma etyi viafinda! Etyi James Bruce woko Escócia, alinga omaovololo mo 1765, ankho kamuene okuti ukahi kombanda yetunthu limwe enene lio va Roma liatungwa kokulio kwo Afrika—epundaumbo kohale ankho litiwa Thamugadi, hono liihanwa okuti Timgad.

Omatunthu epundaumbo ankho litiwa Thamugadi, hono litiwa Timgad

Etyi palamba otyita, mo 1881, vo ko França vokuheya omatunthu avavasi ovipuka ovinyingi mo Timgad. Avaimbuka okuti namphila ankho kamuyele ovikuna iya muakuakukutilwa, ovanthu vakalamo ankho vena omalumono omanyingi. Mahi oityi tyalunda ova Roma okutunga omphangu oyo yankhimana? Iya oityi tupondola okulilongesila kepundaumbo olio liokohale no ku vana ankho vakalamo?

OMAHANDO OPULITIKA ANKHO AHOLAMA

Etyi ovatumini vo Roma vanyingila Kokulio kwo Afrika, potyita tyotete P.K.E.(Puetyi Kristu Eheneye), vavahile-mo ovana-tyilongo mahi avehelivili navo. Oñgeni ova Roma ankho mavetyivili okukala nombembwa na vahekulu yotyilongo? Tete, omafualali oko Third Augustan Legion atungile ononthanda a apake ovayungi monomphunda ononyingi, kuna hono kutiwa o koutakelo wo Argélia. Konyima, avatungu epundaumbo lio Timgad, mahi ankho vena etyi velitungila.

Ova Roma vatunga epundaumbo lio Timgad opo vapolemo vahekulu yotyilongo, mahi vatunga epundaumbo olio opo vetyivile okuvetilisa. Omphango oyo ayende nawa. Mokonda ankho muna ovipuka oviwa mo Timgad, ovanthu votyilongo katutu-katutu avahimbika okuya mepundaumbo okulandesa ovipuka viavo. Mokonda ankho mutavelwa vala ova Roma, vahekulu yotyilongo muene ngavo vahimbika okulihonyeka novanthu vo Roma momanima 25, nokuhonekesa omanyina avo no ovana vavo ngatyina ova Roma.

Ova Afrika kavetavelelwe vala okukala ova Roma, mahi tupu vamwe vakalele nomunkhima mo Timgad no momapundaumbo omakuavo atuminwa nova Roma. Ova Roma avayondyo umwe ovanthu votyilongo otyo, apalambe vala omanima ahavasi potyita, mo Timgad amuyula ovanthu vo Koutakelo wo Afrika.

OÑGENI OVA ROMA VETYIVILA OKUYONDYA OMITIMA VIOVANTHU OVO

Omatunthu opomphangu patungwa ovimato viaya peulu nomakaka mo Timgad — Omatunthu onondyuo nomakaka ankho mulandesilwa ovipuka

Oñgeni ova Roma vetyivila okuyondya liwa-liwa omitima vio votyilongo? Otyipuka tyimwe valinga, okuovola okulifwa navo, okuveyeka navo vakale ngatyina ova Roma—ngetyi ankho tyilongesa Cicero wopulitika yo va Roma. Otyilongo otyo avelitetela-tyo, nthele imwe ova Roma, nthele imwe ova Afrika. Epundaumbo olio alikala enene, ankho muatungwa onondyuo mbaya peulu mbuvasa po nometulu 20, mbayapaulwa nomatapalo aviuka. Onkhalelo oyo vatunga tyotyili ankho yetesa oluiho ova Afrika.

Ngetyi ankho tyilinga ova Roma, no va Afrika ankho vapondola okuya monovenda, nokutahela etyi tyipita motyilongo ine okuyumba ombola novipuka ovikuavo. Ovanthu ovo ankho vatunda monomphunda, nalumwe vasokele okuti nthiki imwe mavaendela mombuelo yokahi tyina omutenya wamatokota, na tyina kuamanthikovela avakala notyimimi, ine okulikoha nomaande omonotulunela otyali. Tyafuile ankho vapondola okunwa omaande atenda nawa tyina vahipulula nomapanga avo. Ovipuka ovio kuvo ankho aviho onondyoi vala.

Okamato katungwa keulu lieendo kuna ovikahuku vitatu vio Roma — Otyilolo tyilekesa ovipala vio vikahuku vitatu

Tupu ovinyano ova Roma ankho valinga navio ankho viyondya ovanthu. Momapembe ankho vilingilwa, ankho mufwa ovanthu ovanyingi, valamba po 3.500 vatunda mo Timgad no momapundaumbo opopepi. Kopalku yatyo, ova Roma ankho valingilako ovinyano ovinyingi vilekesa ovinepo ovivi nokulipaa.

Ongeleya yo va Roma nayo yevekuatesileko. Mo nondyuo mbokulikohela, pohi no moluhinyi ankho mbaundaiswa ovivala vilekesa oviso viovanthu vahafende Huku. Mokonda okulikoha ononthiki ambuho ankho tyesukisa, ova Afrika, katutu-katutu avahimbika okufenda ovikahuku viova Roma nokulipaka mongeleya yavo. Opo ova Roma vetyivile okutyiliyisa ova Afrika ovituwa viavo, ankho momitambo viavo vahonyeka oviso viova Roma no viova Afrika.

EPUNDAUMBO ANKHO EWA LIANYIMAPO

Etyi Omutumini Trajan atunga epundaumbo lio Timgad menima 100 P.K., ova Roma vahongiliyile ovanthu okulima ovilia, nokulinga omulela, no vinyu mo Afrika aiho. Otyilongo atyikala novimbundu ovinyingi pala okuavela o Roma atyiho tyesukisa. Ngo mapundaumbo omakuavo, o Timgad yatuaileko okutuminwa no Roma. Mokuenda kuononthiki, ovanthu mo Timgad aveliyawisa, iya epundaumbo alikala enene, alilambe apa ankho liaoyela.

Ovanthu vo mepundaumbo na vahekulu yotyilongo avakala novipuka ovinyingi valandesa ko Roma, mahi ovalimi vomotyilongo ankho vena vala katutu. Motyita tyatatu P.K., mokonda yokapungulula, no nombongo ononyingi mbomalilimo atyikatula ovilwa pokati kovalimi. Vamwe puvo, ankho vetavela okukala ova Katolika, avelihonyeka nova Donatista. Otyikundyi otyo tya vana ankho veliti Ovakristau, avaovola okumanako okapungulula ankho valingwa Nongeleya yo Katolika. Tala okakasa “O Donatista—Ha ‘Kapela Kotyotyili’.’”

Mokueenda kuomanima oundyale pokati ko nongeleya, novilwa viovanthu ovakuavo, ova Roma avehetyivili vali okuhongiliya ovanthu vo kokulio kuo Afrika. Motyita epandu-vali P.K., Timgad aiyokwa no va Arabia votyilongo otyo ainyimipo, palambale omanima 1.000 epundaumbo olio kaliiwe vali.

“NKHELE OKO LIKAHI!”

Omo Timgad muna ankho ovanthu vambatisalelwa liakala epundaumbo liapingwa Novakristau — Onondaka mbo Latin mbati: “Okuyeva, okulikoha, okunyana, okuyola, nkhele oko vikahi!”

Vokuheya omatunthu vapaka ovipuka mondyuo yokupaka ovipuka viokohale pala okuhinangela o Timgad, apa vili avahonekapo melaka lio Latim. Pahonekwa okuti: “Okuyeva, okulikoha, okunyana, okuyola, nkhele oko vikahi!” Omuhipululi umwe woko França wati “okupitaulula o filosofia tyipondola okukupwa, mahi otyipuka tyihapu okuovola ounongo.”

Alo pehepano ova Roma nkhele valinga ovipuka ovio vio kohale. Omukristau Apostolu Paulu wapopile konthele yovanthu vana vokuna olusoke luokuti, “tuliei, tunuei, mokonda muhuka matunkhi.” No vonongeleya, ova Roma navo ankho vasoka vala okulia, nokunwa, mokonda kavei olipi esilivilo liomuenyo netyi walingilua. Paulu walondolele ovakristau veliyunge kovanthu ovo, etyi ati: “Muhayondyuei. Omapanga omavi anyona ovituwa oviwa.”—1 Coríntios 15:32, 33.

Palambale omanima 1.500, ovanthu vokukala ko Timgad na hono nkhele olusoko luavo kaluapilulukile. Ovanthu ovanyingi hono, vena olusoke olo. Palavo, olusoke luo va Roma luaviuka, kavesukile novitateka tyipondola okuveetela. Ombimbiliya ipopia otyili etyi yati: “Onkhalelo youye uno ikahi nokupiluluka.” Tupu itulondola, opo ‘tueheuundapese unene.’—1 Coríntios 7:31.

Omatunthu oko Timgad alekesa nawa okuti etyi tyikalesa nehambu, nomuenyo omuwa hatyetyiko tyahonekwa mo Latim apa pena ovipuka viokuhinangela o Timgad Koutakelo wo Afrika., Mahi otyetyi Ombimbiliya ituhinangelesa okuti: “Ouye ukahi nokulamba, kumue nepeleyo liao, mahi una ulinga etyi Huku ahanda makalako apeho.”—1 João 2:17.

O Donatista—Ha ‘Kapela Kotyotyili’

Omo Timgad muna ankho ovanthu vambatisalelwa liakala epundaumbo liapingwa no “Vakristau”

Koutakelo wo Timgad kuna omatunthu alekesa okapela kamwe kahuvisa, muna omu mumbatisalelwa ovanthu. Omatunthu oo etulekesa okuti konyima yotyita tyakuana P.K, epundaumbo lio Timgad liakalele lio va Donatista—“Ovakristau” vamwe vatundile mokapela ko va Roma.

Ova Donatista ankho kavetavela etyi outumini wo Roma upopia konthele yokapela. Ankho vatala ngatyina ‘okapela kavo kasukuka vali,’ keliyapuka kouye. Mahi ovituwa viavo ankho kavityilekesa. Ova Donatista ankho velipaka mopulitika, nokukuatesako ovalimi vamwe vomapia, ankho vatyitukilapo vahekulu yonohika novatanthi vomalilimo vo Roma, ovituwa ovio avivetuala monomphela monombonge. Namphila ankho vati okapela oko tyotyili, mahi ovituwa vio va Donatista vialekesa okuti ‘hakapela kotyotyili.’—João 15:19.