Orutaro Orwahindwire Ensi

Ekyasha ekihingwire, abatsigazi baingi bakatsigaho amaka gaabo baaza omu rutaro kurwana. Bakagyenda baine ekihika, kandi ahabw’okukunda munonga amahanga gaabo, kikabahiga kurwejumbamu. Omuri 1914, omwe aha baabaire nibaza kwejumba omu rutaro oru kuruga America akahandiika ati: “Nshemereirwe kandi nyine ekihika ahabw’ebiro birungi ebiri haihi kubaho.”

Bwanyima, omujinya gwabo gukarugamu amaganya maingi. Tihaine owaabaire naabaasa kuteebereza ngu amahe maingi gatyo nigabaasa kumara emyaka egyo yoona omu butiti n’ebyondo omuri Belgium na France. Orutaro orwo, abantu bakarweta “Orutaro rw’amaani.” Obunaku obu, niturumanya nk’orutaro rw’ensi yoona orw’okubanza.

Orutaro rw’ensi yoona orw’okubanza rukahutaariramu abantu baingi munonga. Nikiteeberezibwa ngu abantu obukaikuru nka 10 bakafa kandi ngu obukaikuru nka 20 bakahutaazibwa. Orutaro oru rukabaho ahabw’enshobi z’amaani ezakozirwe. Ab’eby’obutegyeki omuri Buraaya bakaremwa kurinda endwano zaabo kutajanjaara omu nsi yoona. Rukahindura ensi yoona kandi eki nikitukwataho na hati.

ENSHOBE EZAARETSIREHO OKUTEESIGANA

Orutaro rw’ensi yoona orw’okubanza rukabaho ahabw’enshobe ezaakozirwe abaarutandikireho. Abeebembezi omuri Buraaya “bakaba batarikumanya ngu ebi baacwiremu nibibaasa kurugiramu nsi yoona oburemeezi omuri 1914,” nikwo ekitabo The Fall of the Dynasties​—The Collapse of the Old Order 1905-1922 kyagizire.

Omu saabiiti nkye, okwitwa kw’omunyiginya omukuru owa Austria kukareetera amahanga ga Buraaya ag’amaani kwejumba omu rutaro oru baabaire batarikwenda. “Bwanyima y’ebiro bikye omunyiginya ogwo aherize kufa, Omwebembezi wa Germany bakamubuuza bati: “Kibaireho kita?” Akagarukamu aine enaku nyingi ati: “Tihaine orikumanya.”

Abeebembezi abaacwiremu omu muringo mubi ogwaretsireho orutaro bakaba batarikwetegyereza ebiraarugyemu. Bwanyima, abaserukare abaabaire bari omu rutaro bakeetegyereza ekyabaire nikigyenda omu maisho. Bakeetegyereza ngu abeebembezi b’amahanga gaabo bakaba batarikubashagika, abeebembezi b’ediini zaabo bakababeiha kandi ngu abakuru b’amahe gaabo bakaba babareebize. Bata shi?

Ab’eby’obutegyeki bakaraganisa ngu orutaro nirwija kureetaho obusingye omu nsi. “Niturwana kugira ngu tukorere omu busingye, kandi ngu eby’enzaarwa ebya ira ebi twahungwire n’ebiro byaitu by’omumaisho bibe birungi.” Omwebembezi wa America orikwetwa Woodrow Wilson akahwera omu kugunja ebigambo ebirikuha obuhame ngu orutaro rukaba nirwija “kubaasisa abantu kwetooranira abategyeki.” Kandi omuri Bungyereza, abantu bakaba nibateekateeka ngu “n’orutaro orurahezeho entaro” zoona. Boona bakaba bagwire.

Abeebembezi b’ediini bakarushagika baine ekihika. “Omu mwanya gw’okwegyesa abantu ebiri omu Baibuli, bakabahiga kwejumba omu rutaro. Orutaro rukareetaho okwangana kw’abantu boona,” ekitabo The Columbia History of the World nikwo kirikugira. Abeebembezi b’ediini bakahiga abantu kwangana omu mwanya gw’okuhwera omu kutuubya rwango. “Abeebembezi b’ediini bakaba batarikubaasa kandi batarikwenda kwebembeza eby’ediini okukira okukunda munonga eihanga ryabo,” nikwo ekitabo A History of Christianity kirikugira. “Baingi bakateekateeka ngu okukunda eihanga ryawe nikiingana n’Obukristaayo. Abaserukare abarikweyeta Abakristaayo bakaba nibahigwa kwitana omu iziina ry’Omujuni.”

Abakuru b’abaserukare bakaraganisa ngu nihaija kubaho obusinguzi ahonaaho, kwonka ekyo tikiraabaireho. Hahingwireho obwire bukye, amahe agaabaire nigarwanagana okaba nooshusha oti haine ekigakwaitse hatariho kusingura kwona. Bwanyima abaserukare baingi bakahikwaho eki omunyabyafaayo yaayetsire “obwinazi oburikukirayo omu by’omubiri n’omu biteekateeko obu abantu baabaire baine kugumisiriza.” N’obu abaserukare baraabe baabaire nibafa munonga, abakuru baabo bakaguma nibabagyema kurwana obwo amasasi garikutyankana. Tikirikutangaaza kureeba ngu abaserukare bakagoma omu bicweka bingi eby’ensi.

Orutaro rw’okubanza orw’ensi yoona rukareetaho buremeezi ki aha bantu? Ekitabo ky’ebyafaayo nikyoreka ebigambo by’omwe owaahumwiire amahe owaagizire ati: “Orutaro . . . rukashiisha emiteekateekyere n’emicwe y’abantu.” Orutaro oru rukareetera obugabe bwingi kushenyuka. Orutaro orwo nirwo rwakizireyo kusheesha eshagama omu byafaayo by’abantu. Obwesharingo bukabaho omu myanya mingi.

Ahabw’enki Orutaro rw’Ensi Yoona orw’okubanza rwasiisire ensi? Mbwenu shi rukabaho nka butandu y’amaani? Eby’okugarukamu nibyoreka ki aha biro byaitu by’omumaisho?