MSOLO 13
“Alibe Kubverana Nabzo”
Nkhani ya mgwatidwe idayendesedwa ku bungwe lakutonga
Nkhaniyi yacokera pa Mabasa 15:1-12
1-3. (a) Kodi ni nkhani iponi yomwe ikhafuna kubweresa mgawano mu gwere lacikristau? (b) Kodi ni phindu liponi lomwe tingagumane tikambawerenga nkhani za m’bukhu la Mabasa?
PAULO na Barnaba akhali wakukondwa kwene-kwene. Iwo akhadafika tsapanopa ku Antiyokiya wa ku Siriya pambuyo pa ulendo bwawo bwakuyamba bwa umisiyonario. Iwo akhadakomedwa kwene-kwene thangwe rakuti Yahova akhadafungulira “wanthu wa mitundu inango msuwo wacikhulupiro.” (Mab. 14:26, 27) Akristau akhapalizira mafala yabwino mu mzinda wentse wa Antiyokiya ndipo “wanthu azinji” omwe akhali lini Adjuda adayamba kukhulupira acikhalambo Akristau. — Mab. 11:20-26.
2 Nkhani yakukondwesayi idafika ku Djudeya mwakusaya kucedwa. Tsono m’mbuto mwa wanthu wentse kukomedwa na nkhani imweyi, winango alibe kukomedwa nayo thangwe akhakumbuka kuti Akristau wentse akhafunika kucitidwa mgwatidwe. Kodi Akristau omwe akhali Adjuda na omwe akhali lini Adjuda akhafunika kumbawonana tani? Ndipo Akristau omwe akhali lini Adjuda akhafunika kuliwona tani Lamulo la Mozeji? Nkhani imweyi idacitisa kuti wanthu ayambe kunesana kwene-kwene ndipo ingadacitisa kuti pakhale na mgawano mu gwere lacikristau. Kodi nkhani imweyi ingadamalisidwa tani?
3 Tikambawerenga nkhani za m’bukhu la Mabasa, tin’dzapfunza bzinthu bzizinji bzakufunika kwene-kwene. Bzimwebzi bzin’dzatithandiza kucita bzinthu mwanzeru pakagumanika nkhani zomwe zingabwerese mgawano m’gwere.
“Mukasaya Kucitidwa Mgwatidwe” (Mabasa 15:1)
4. Kodi n’ciyani comwe Adjuda winango akhapfunzisa, ndipo bzimwebzi bzikubweresa mbvunzo uponi?
4 Mpostolo Luka adanemba kuti: “Amuna winango wakucokera ku Djudeya adayenda ku Antiyokiya ndipo kumweko adayamba kupfunzisa abale kuti: ‘Mukasaya kucitidwa mgwatidwe mwakubverana na mwambo wa Mozeji, imwepo mungadzapulumusidwe lini.’” (Mab. 15:1) Tikudziwa lini penu ‘Amuna . . . wakucokera ku Djudeyawa’ akhali Afarizeu pomwe akhanati kukhala Akristau. Koma bzikuwoneka kuti iwo akhana makumbukidwe ninga ya Afarizeu omwe akhali Adjuda wakupanduka omwe akhangingimira malamulo. Kuthumizira bzimwebzi, bzikuwoneka kuti iwo akhanama pakulewa kuti bzomwe akhapfunzisabzo bzikhacokera kwa apostolo pabodzi na akulu wa ku Jeruzalemu. (Mab. 15:23, 24) Pakhadapita kale magole 13 kucokera pomwe mpostolo Pedru mwakutsogoleredwa na Mulungu akhadatambira wanthu omwe akhali lini Adjuda omwe akhalibe kucita mgwatidwe mu gwere lacikristau. Tsono thangwe ranyi Akristau omwe akhali Adjuda akhangingimira pa nkhani ya mgwatidwe?a — Mab. 10:24-29, 44-48.
5, 6. (a) N’thangwe ranyi Akristau winango omwe akhali Adjuda akhangingimira nkhani ya mgwatidwe? (b) Kodi mpangano wa mgwatidwe ukhacita mbali ya mpangano wa Abulahamu? Fotokozani. (Onani mafala ya m’nyantsi.)
5 Bzikuwoneka kuti iwo akhana mathangwe mazinji. Thangwe lakuyamba ndakuti Yahova caiyeyo ndiye adacitisa kuti amuna ambacite mgwatidwe ndipo cikhali cizindikiro cakuti iwo akhali pa uxamwali bwakupambulika na iye. Bzimwebzi bzidayamba kale-kale pomwe pakhanati kucitidwa mpangano wa Lamulo, tsono nakupita kwa nthawe, mgwatidwe udadzacita mbali ya mpanganoyo ndipo Abulahamu na banja lace ndiwo adayamba kucita mgwatidweyo.b (Lev. 12:2, 3) Mu Lamulo la Mozeji, napo alendo akhafunika kucitidwa mgwatidwe pomwe akanati kukhala na udindo buli-bwentse ninga kugumanika pa msinda wa Paskwa. (Eki. 12:43, 44, 48, 49) Tenepo, m’makumbukidwe mwa Adjuda, munthu omwe akhalibe kucita mgwatidwe akhali wakupswipa ndipo akhanyozedwa. — Zai. 52:1
6 Tenepo, Akristau omwe akhali Adjuda akhafunika kukhala na cikhulupiro ndipo akhafunikambo kukhala wakubzicepesa kuti acite bzinthu mwakubverana na nfundo zipsa zacadidi. Mpangano wa Lamulo ukhadapitidwa m’mbuto na mpangano upsa, mwakuti kubadwira mu dzinza la Adjuda bzikhathandauza lini pomwe kuti munthuyo ali kale mu gulu la wanthu wa Mulungu. Kwa Akristau omwe akhali Adjuda omwe akhakhala m’madera ya Adjuda, ninga ku Djudeya, akhafunika kukhala wakukhwimika kuti akhale ateweri wa Kristu na kubvuma wanthu wa mitundu inango omwe akhalibe kucitidwa mgwatidwe ninga abale wawo wauzimu. — Jer. 31:31-33; Luk. 22:20.
7. Kodi ni cadidi ciponi comwe “amuna winango wakucokera ku Djudeya” akhalibe kucibvesesa?
7 N’cadidi kuti malamulo ya Mulungu yakhalibe kucinja. Umboni bwa bzimwebzi ni bwakuti mu mpangano upsayu muna nfundo za mu Lamulo la Mozeji. (Mat. 22:36-40) Mwa ciratizo, pa nkhani ya mgwatidwe Paulo adanemba kuti: “Kukhala Mdjuda wacadidi kumbaphatanidza unthu bwa mkati, ndipo mgwatidwe wace udacitidwa mu mtima na mzimu wakucena sikuti mwa kuteweza Lamulo lakucita kunembedwa.” (Aro. 2:29; Deut. 10:16) “Amuna winango wakucokera ku Djudeya” akhalibe kubvesesa cadidi cimweci ndipo akhangingimira kuti Mulungu akhalibe kumalisa Lamulo la mgwatidwe. Kodi iwo angadacinja makumbukidwe yawo pa nkhani imweyi?
“Alibe Kubverana Nabzo Ndipo Adanesana” (Mabasa 15:2)
8. N’thangwe ranyi nkhani ya mgwatidwe idayendesedwa kwa bungwe lakutonga ku Jeruzalemu?
8 Luka adapitiriza kulewa kuti: “Paulo na Barnaba alibe kubverana nabzo ndipo adanesana nawo kwene-kwene [“amuna winango wakucokera ku Djudeya”], tenepo iwo adabverana kuti Paulo na Barnaba pabodzi na abale winango ayende ku Jeruzalemu kuti akacezerane bza nkhaniyi na apostolo pabodzi na akulu.”c (Mab. 15:2) Kusaya ‘kubverana nabzo na kunesana’ kukhalatiza kuti mbali iri-yentse ikhangingimira kuti nzeru yawo ikhali yabwino kuposa ya winango ndipo gwere la ku Antiyokiya liribe kukwanisa kumalisa kusaya kubvesesanaku. Pakufuna kukhazikisa mtendere na ciphatano, mwanzeru gwere lidasankhula kuti nkhaniyi iyende kukamalisidwa “na apostolo pabodzi na akulu ku Jeruzalemu,” omwe akhacita mbali ya bungwe lakutonga. Kodi tikupfunza ciyani na akulu wa m’gwere la ku Antiyokiya?
Winango adangingimira kuti: “Mpsakufunika . . . kuwauza [wanthu omwe ni Adjuda lini] kuti ambabvere Lamulo la Mozeji”
9, 10. Kodi n’ciratizo cabwino ciponi comwe abale wa ku Antiyokiya pabodzi na Paulo na Barnaba adapereka?
9 Cinthu cakufunika kwene-kwene comwe tikupfunza ni kuthemba gulu la Mulungu. Kumbukirani ibzi: Abale wa ku Antiyokiya akhadziwa kuti wentse omwe akhacita mbali ya bungwe lakutonga akhali Adjuda. Napo bzikhali tenepo, iwo akhana citsimikizo centse cakuti abalewo angadamalisa nkhani ya mgwatidwe mwakubverana na Bzinembo. N’thangwe ranyi? Gwere likhana citsimikizo cakuti Yahova ambasamalira nkhani iri-yentse mwakuphatisa basa mzimu wakucena pabodzi na msolo wa gwere omwe ni Jezu Kristu. (Mat. 28:18, 20; Aef. 1:22, 23) Ntsiku zino pakawoneka nkhani yakunesa, tin’funika kutewezera ciratizo cabwino ca Akristau wa ku Antiyokiya ndipo timbathembe gulu la Mulungu pabodzi na Bungwe Lakutonga omwe ni Akristau wakudzozedwa.
10 Tikukumbusidwambo kufunika kwa kukhala wakubzicepesa na wakupirira. Napo kuti Paulo na Barnaba akhadasankhulidwa na mzimu wakucena kuti akapalizire wanthu wa mitundu inango, iwo alibe kukumbuka kuti bzimwebzi bzikhawapasa ugo bwakumalisa nkhani ya mgwatidwe ku Antiyokiya. (Mab. 13:2, 3) Patsogolo pace Paulo adadzanemba kuti: “Ndidayenda kumweko [ku Jeruzalemu] thangwe ra masomphenya yomwe ndidalatizidwa.” Bzimwebzi bzikulatiza kuti Mulungu akhadamupasa malango yakumalisira nkhaniyo. (Agal. 2:2) Ntsiku zino akulu ambacita nyongo yakukhala wakubzicepesa na wakupirira pakawoneka nkhani yomwe ingabwerese mgawano. M’mbuto mwa kungingimira nzeru zawo, iwo ambanyang’ana thandizo la Yahova mwakufufudza m’Bzinembo na malango yomwe yambaperekedwa na kapolo wakukhulupirika na wanzeru. — Afil. 2:2, 3.
11, 12. Thangwe ranyi mpsakufunika kudikhirira kuti Yahova atithandize kubvesesa nkhani inango?
11 Pa bzakucitika bzinango pinango tingafunikire kudikhirira kuti Yahova atithandize kubvesesa bwino nkhani inango. Kumbukirani kuti Abale wa mu nthawe ya Paulo adafunika kudikhirira magole pafupi-fupi 13 kuti Yahova apereke mtawiro pa nkhani ya mgwatidwe wa wanthu wa mitundu inango, kucokera mu gole la 36 EC pomwe Korneliyo adadzozedwa mpaka mu gole la 49 EC. Thangwe ranyi padatenga nthawe yentseneyi? Pinango Mulungu akhafuna kupereka nthawe yakukwanira kwa Adjuda wa mitima yabwino kuti abvume kucinjako. Mpangano wa mgwatidwe omwe Mulungu adacita na Abulahamu omwe iwo akhamulemekeza, udamala magole 1900 ukuphata basa ndipo kumala kwa mpanganoyu kukhali kucinja kukulu! — Juw. 16:12.
12 Ni mwayi ukulu kupfunzisidwa na kuumbidwa na Baba wathu wakudzulu omwe ngwakupirira na wakudeka mtima! Bzomwe iye ambatipfunzisa mpsabwino kwa ifepano nthawe zentse. (Zai. 48:17, 18; 64:8) Tenepo tin’funika lini kungingimira nzeru yathu mwakubzikuza, kukalipa bzinthu bzikacinja mu gulu la Yahova ayai kabvesesedwe ka mavesi manango ya m’Bibliya kakacinja. (Mpal. 7:8) Mukawona kuti mwayamba kukhala na makhalidwe yamweya, napo pang’ono, mungacite bwino kupemba na kukumbukira nfundo zomwe zimbagumanika mu kapitulo 15 ya Bukhu la Mabasa.d
13. Kodi tingatewezere tani kupirira kwa Yahova mu utumiki bwathu?
13 Tingafunike kupirira pomwe tikupfunza Bibliya na wanthu omwe bzikuwanesa kusiya kukhulupira bzinthu bzakunama ayai miyambo yomwe imbabverana lini na Bibliya yomwe aizolowera. Pa nkhani ninga zimwezi, bzingafunikire nthawe kuti mzimu wa Mulungu uphate basa m’mitima mwa anyakupfunza wathuwo. (1 Ako. 3:6, 7) Ndipo bzingakhale bwino kuipempherera nkhani imweyi. Mwa njira iri-yentse, pa nthawe yakuthemera Mulungu an’dzatithandiza kudziwa bzomwe tin’funika kucita. — 1 Juw. 5:14.
“Adafotokoza Bwino-bwino” Nkhani Zakukondwesa (Mabasa 15:3-5)
14, 15. (a) Kodi gwere la ku Antiyokiya lidalatiza tani lufoyi na ulemu kwa Paulo, Barnaba na abale omwe akhanawo pabodzi? (b) Kodi Paulo na anzace adalimbikisa tani Akristau pomwe akhayenda ku Jeruzalemu?
14 Luka adapitiriza kulewa kuti: “Pomwe adamala kuperekezedwa na abale wa m’gwere, iwo adapitiriza ulendo bwawo ndipo adapita na ku Fenisiya na ku Samariya. Kumweko adafotokoza bwino-bwino bza kutendeuka kwa wanthu wa mitundu inango, ndipo bzimwebzi bzidakondwesa kwene-kwene abale wentsewo.” (Mab. 15:3) Gwere lidalatiza lufoyi na ulemu kwa Paulo, Barnaba na wanthu omwe akhanawo pabodzi wale mwa kuwaperekeza. Gwerelo likhafuna kuti Mulungu asimbe wene Paulowo. Cimweci n’ciratizo pomwe cabwino comwe tingatewezere abale wa ku Antiyokiya! Kodi imwepo mumbalemekeza abale wanu wauzimu, “maka-maka [akulu] omwe ambaphata basa na nyongo pakulewalewa na kupfunzisa”? — 1 Tim. 5:17.
15 Pomwe akhayenda ku Jeruzalemu, Paulo na anzace adalimbikisa abale wa ku Fenisiya na wa ku Samariya mwa ‘kuwafotokozera bwino-bwino’ kuti wanthu omwe akhali lini Adjuda akhakhala Akristau. Pinango-pentse pa omwe akhatetekerawo akhalipombo Akristau wacidjuda omwe adathawira m’madera yamweyale pa nthawe yomwe Sitefano adaphedwa. Mwa njira ibodzi-bodziyi, relatoriyo zomwe zimbalewa bza momwe Yahova akusimbira basa lathu lakupalizira zimbalimbikisa abale wathu, maka-maka wale omwe akugumana na mabvuto. Kodi imwepo mumbagumana phindu na relatoriyo zimwezi mwa kumbagumanika pa mitsonkhano ya gwere, ya dera, ya cigawo na kumbawerenga nkhani za mbiri ya moyo wa wanthu, zomwe zimbagumanika m’mabukhu yathu yakucita kudinda ayai ya pa jw.org?
16. N’ciyani comwe cikulatiza kuti nkhani ya mgwatidwe ikhadadzafika pakunesa kwene-kwene?
16 Pambuyo pa kufamba mtantho wa makilometro 550 kuyenda ku Suli, thimu lomwe likhacoka ku Antiyokiya lire lidafika komwe likhayenda. Luka adanemba kuti: “Pomwe adafika ku Jeruzalemu, iwo adatambiridwa na manja mawiri na gwere, na apostolo pabodzi na akulu. Ndipo Paulo na Barnaba adawafotokozera bzinthu bzizinji bzomwe Mulungu adacita mwakuphatisa basa iwo.” (Mab. 15:4) Pomwe adabva bzimwebzi, “anyakukhulupira winango omwe kale-kale akhali mu cipembedzo ca Afarizeu, adaima m’mipando mwawo acilewa kuti: ‘Mpsakufunika kuti anyakukhulupira wentse omwe ni Adjuda lini acitidwe mgwatidwe aciuzidwa kuti ambabvere Lamulo la Mozeji.’” (Mab. 15:5) Kulewa cadidi, nkhani ya mgwatidwe wa Akristau omwe akhali lini Adjuda, ikhadafika pakunesa kwene-kwene ndipo ikhafunika kumalisidwa.
“Apostolo Pabodzi na Akulu Adatsonkhana” (Mabasa 15:6-12)
17. Mbani akhacita mbali ya bungwe lakutonga ku Jeruzalemu, ndipo thangwe ranyi “akulu” akhacita mbali ya bungweli?
17 Mimwani 13:10 ambati: “Wale omwe ambanyang’ana malango ambakhala na nzeru.” Mwakubverana na mtemo umweyu, “apostolowo pabodzi na akulu adatsonkhana kuti acezerane bza nkhani [ya mgwatidweyi].” (Mab. 15:6) “Apostolo pabodzi na akulu” akhaimira gwere lentse la Akristau, ninga momwe Bungwe Lakutonga limbacitira ntsiku zino. Thangwe ranyi “akulu” akhatumikira pabodzi na apostolo? Kumbukirani kuti mpostolo Tiyago akhadaphedwa ndipo mpostolo Pedru akhadakhala m’kawoko kwa kanthawe. Bzikuwoneka kuti bzinthu ninga bzimwebzi bzingadacitikirambo apostolo winangowo. Ndipopa kugumanika kwa anyakudzozedwa wakuthemera wale kungadacitisa kuti gwere lipitirize kusamaliridwa.
18, 19. Kodi ni mafala yamphanvu yaponi yomwe Pedru adalewa, ndipo ni nfundo iponi yomwe anzace adakumbukira?
18 Luka adapitiriza kuti: “Pomwe adanesana kwene-kwene, Pedru adaima ndipo adawauza kuti: ‘Amunamwe, abalemwe, imwepo mukudziwa bwino kuti kucokera mu ntsiku zakuyambirira, Mulungu adandisankhula pakati panu kuti wanthu abve mafala yabwino kucokera pa mulomo pangu acikhulupira. Ndipo Mulungu omwe ambadziwa bza mu mtima, adacitira umboni wanthu amwewa mwa kuwapasa mzimu wakucena ninga momwe adacitira na ifepano. Ndipo iye alibe kusiyanisa pakati pa ife na iwo, koma adacenesa mitima yawo thangwe ra cikhulupiro cawo.’” (Mab. 15:7-9) Mwakubverana na bukhu linango, fala la Cigerego lomwe lidasanduliziridwa kuti “adanesana kwene-kwene” lomwe liri mu vesi 7 limbathandauzambo “kucita mibvunzo mizinji na kufufudza bza nkhaniyo.” Bzikuwoneka kuti m’bale ali-wentse adakhala wakutsudzuka kufotokoza makumbukidwe yace.
19 Mafala yamphanvu ya Pedru yadakumbusa wentsenewo kuti iye akhalipo pomwe Korneliyo na banja lace adadzozedwa na mzimu wakucena mu gole la 36 EC. Iwo adakhala wakuyambirira kudzozedwa pa wanthu wa mitundu inango omwe akhalibe kucitidwa mgwatidwe. Tenepo, penu Yahova akhasiyanisa lini pomwe Adjuda na omwe akhali lini Adjuda, kodi munthu ni mbani kuti acite bzinthu mwakusiyana na bzimwebzi? Kuthumizira bzimwebzi, munthu ambacenesedwa thangwe ra kukhulupira Jezu Kristu sikuti thangwe ra kubvera Lamulo la Mozeji. — Agal. 2:16.
20. Kodi wanthu omwe akhangingimira nkhani ya mgwatidwe ‘akhayeza tani Mulungu’?
20 Mwakuphatisa basa umboni bwakusaya kugazika bwa Fala la Mulungu na bwa mzimu wakucena, Pedru adamaliza na kulewa kuti: “Tsono thangwe ranyi imwepo mukuyeza Mulungu mwa kuikha m’khosi mwa anyakupfunza djoki lomwe makolo yathu yakale ne ife tiribe kukwanisa kulinyamula? Mwakusiyana na bzimwebzi, ifepano timbakhulupira kuti tin’dzapulumusidwa thangwe ra kudeka mtima kukulu kwa mbuya Jezu ndipo anyakupfunza omwe ni Adjuda lini ambakhulupirambo bzibodzi-bodzibzi.” (Mab. 15:10, 11) Kulewa cadidi, omwe akhangingimira nkhani ya mgwatidwe, ‘akhayeza Mulungu,’ ayai akhayeza kupirira kwa Mulungu. Iwo akhangingimiza wanthu wa mitundu inango kuteweza malamulo yomwe Adjudawo akhakwanisa lini kuyateweza bwino-bwino ndipo bzimwebzi bzikhacitisa kuti iwo athemere kupasidwa nyathwa ya infa. (Agal. 3:10) M’mbuto mwa kungingimira pa nkhani ya mgwatidwe, Adjuda omwe akhatetekera Pedru wale akhafunika kutenda Mulungu thangwe ra kudeka mtima kwace kukulu komwe adakulatiza mwakuphatisa basa Jezu.
21. Kodi Barnaba na Paulo adafotokoza ciyani pa mtsonkhano ule?
21 Bzikuwoneka kuti mafala ya Pedru yadatokonya mitima ya wanthu omwe akhamutetekerawo thangwe “Thimu lentse la wanthuwo lidanyamala.” Patsogolo pace, Barnaba na Paulo adafotokoza “bzizindikiro na bzakudabwisa bzizinji bzomwe Mulungu adacita pakati pa wanthu wa mitundu inango mwa kuphatisa basa iwo.” (Mab. 15:12) Tsapano, apostolo pabodzi na akulu akhafunika kukumbukira bwino-bwino bza umboni bwentse acicita cakusankhula mwakubverana na kufuna kwa Mulungu pa nkhani ya mgwatidwe.
22-24. (a) Kodi Bungwe Lakutonga ntsiku zino limbatewezera tani ciratizo ca bungwe lakutonga la m’magole yakuyambirira? (b) Kodi akulu angalatize tani kuti ambalemekeza makonzedwe ya gulu?
22 Mwa njira ibodzi-bodziyi, Bungwe Lakutonga ntsiku zino limbatsonkhana ndipo limbanyang’ana malango mwa kuphatisa basa Fala la Mulungu ndipo limbapemba kucokera pantsi pa mtima kukumbira mzimu wakucena. (Sal. 119:105; Mat. 7:7-11) Kuti akwanise kucita cakusankhula mwakubverana na kufuna kwa Mulungu, m’bale ali-wentse wa m’Bungwe Lakutonga ambatambira ndondomeko ya nkhani zomwe an’dzacezerana kuti akonzekere na nthawe na kuzipempherera. (Mim. 15:28) Abale wakudzozedwawa akambacita mitsonkhano imweyi, ali-wentse ambakhala wakutsudzuka kufotokoza makumbukidwe yace mwa ulemu. Pa mitsonkhano imweyi, iwo ambaphatisa basa kwene-kwene Bibliya.
23 Akulu wa m’gwere an’funika kutewezera ciratizo cimweci. Ndipo akuluwo akacezerana nkhani yakunesa kwene-kwene yomwe akukwanisa lini kuimalisa, anganembere mthambi ya kwawoko, ayai wanthu omwe adasankhulidwa kuti ambaimire mthambi, ninga anyakunyang’anira dera. Bzikafunikira mthambi ya kwawoyo inganemberembo Bungwe Lakutonga.
24 Kulewa cadidi, Yahova ambasimba wale omwe ambalemekeza makonzedwe ya gulu ndipo ambalatiza kubzicepesa, kukhulupirika na kupirira. Msolo ukubwerayu tin’dzapfunza kuti Mulungu ambasimba Akristau omwe ambacita bzimwebzi mwa kuwapasa mtendere wacadidi, kukhala wakuphatana nakuti bzinthu bziwafambire bwino mwauzimu.
a Onani kwadru yakuti “Bzipfunziso bza Adjuda Omwe Akhangingimira Miyambo Yawo”.
b Mpangano wa mgwatidwe ukhacita lini mbali pa mpangano wa Abulahamu omwe umbaphata basa mpaka ntsiku zino. Mpangano wa Abulahamu udayamba kuphata basa mu gole la 1943 AEC pomwe Abulahamu (omwe akhacemeredwa Abulamu) adayambuka mkulo wa Eufrate kuyenda ku Kanani. Pa nthawe imweyi, iye akhana magole 75. Tsono mpangano wa mgwatidwe, udacitidwa pomwe padapita nthawe, mu gole la 1919 AEC, pomwe Abulahamu akhana magole 99. — Gen. 12:1-8; 17:1, 9-14; Agal. 3:17.
c Tito, Mkristau wa Cigerego omwe patsogolo pace adadzatumikira pabodzi na Paulo, akhali m’bodzi mwa abale omwe adatumidwawo. (Agal. 2:1; Tito 1:4) Mwamuna umweyu akhali ciratizo cabwino kwene-kwene kwa wanthu wa mitundu inango omwe akhalibe kucitidwa mgwatidwe omwe adadzozedwa na mzimu wakucena. — Agal. 2:3.
d Onani kwadru yakuti “Bzomwe Mboni za Yahova Zimbakhulupira Bzimbacokera m’Bibliya”.