Olketa Mill for Redyim Kaikai

Bred hem barava important samting bilong laef or main kaikai long samfala ples start from taem bifor kam. Tru tumas, bred hem wanfala kaikai wea olketa wakem for staka year finis. For tok stret, wanfala long olketa important need bilong man hem for luk aotem kaikai for each day.

Main samting insaed long bred hem flour, wea olketa kasem from wei for smasem olketa grain. From bifor kam, mill hem wankaen wei wea olketa iusim. For mekem grain kamap flour taem no eni machine stap mas barava hard waka! Long taem bilong Bible, saond bilong mill hem mekem pipol tingim taem bilong peace, and taem olketa no herem, hem showimaot laef hem kamap hard.—Jeremiah 25:10, 11.

Long full history bilong man, wanem nao insaed wei for smasem samting long olketa mill? Wanem nao samfala teknik and samfala samting wea olketa iusim for duim datwan? And wanem kaen mill nao olketa iusim for mekem iumi kasem kaikai distaem?

Why Nao Iumi Needim Olketa Mill?

Jehovah hem sei long Adam and Eve: “Mi givim long iufala olketa plant wea garem seed and wea stap long graon and evri tree wea garem frut and seed. Hem nao kaikai bilong iufala.” (Genesis 1:29) Samfala long olketa kaikai wea Jehovah givim long olketa man hem olketa seed from olketa grain. Disfala kaikai hem barava important for man go ahed laef, bikos evri grain—wea hem nao wheat, barley, rye, oats, rice, millet, sorghum, and corn—garem olketa starchy carbohydrate wea body savve changem for kamap main samting wea givim strong long body—wea olketa kolem glucose.

Bat, hem hard for man kaikaim olketa grain sapos hem no smasem firstaem. Hem moa isi for man kaikaim sapos hem smasem for kamap flour and kukim. Isi wei for mekem flour from grain hem for hammerim insaed wanfala dish olsem datwan wea man iusim for hammerim pudding, smasem midolwan tufala ston or for hammerim and smasem semtaem.

Mill wea Iusim Strong Bilong Man

Olketa smol karving from grev long Egypt bifor showim wei wea olketa iusim wankaen grain mill, datfala saddle quern. Olketa kolem olsem bikos hem garem sheip olsem saddle for raed antap horse. Disfala mill hem garem tufala ston—ston andanit wea olsem wanfala dish wea sheip bilong hem long lelebet wea lei wansaed, and nara ston antap wea moa smol. Man wea iusim—wea planti taem hem woman—hem nildaon front long hem and holem datfala ston antap witim tufala hand. Then, hem iusim strong bilong hem for muvim datfala ston antap long nara ston andanit for smasem datfala grain midolwan tufala ston hia. Datwan hem barava simpol and gudfala wei for duim!

Bat, wei for nildaon for planti hour olsem savve spoelem body. Wei for pushim datfala ston go long wansaed bilong nara ston and then pullim kam bak barava putim hevi long baksaed, hand, top part bilong leg, knee, and olketa toe. Olketa research wea olketa duim long olketa bon from Syria bifor mekem olketa savveman lukim klia hao wei for iusim olketa mill hia savve kosim samfala part long body bilong olketa woman for kamap nogud from wei for duim sem akson evritaem—spoelem bon long knee, bon long baksaed, and spoelem join bilong big toe. Long Egypt bifor, hem waka bilong olketa haos girl nao for iusim olketa mill olsem. (Exodus 11:5)a Long tingting bilong samfala savveman, taem olketa Israelite lusim Egypt, saddle quern nao hem mill wea olketa tekem witim olketa.

Gogo olketa mill kamap moabeta taem olketa wakem olketa deep laen long tufala ston. Wei for mekem wanfala hol wea sheip olsem funnel long datfala ston antap hem mekem man fit for kapsaetem go grain insaed. Diswan isisi foldaon midolwan tufala ston hia. Long mek-foa or mek-faev century B.C.E., olketa long Greece wakem wanfala niu kaen machine for mill. Wanfala handol wea swing raon long wan end, hem join long datfala ston antap. Wei for muvim disfala handol from wan saed go long narasaed bae mekem ston antap for muv antap long ston andanit.

Bat olketa mill hia garem bigfala problem. Olketa depend long wei for muvim datfala ston forward and then bak moa wea hem nao samting wea olketa no savve trainim eni animal for duim. So, olketa mill hia needim man nao for waka long hem. Then, wanfala niu idea hem kam—mill wea savve tan raon. Olketa savve iusim olketa animal nao.

Olketa Mill wea Savve Tan Raon Mekem Waka Isi

Luk olsem, olketa wea stap long area bilong Mediterranean nao wakem datfala mill wea savve tan raon, long samting olsem mek-tu century B.C.E. Long first century C.E., olketa Jew savve long kaen mill olsem bikos Jesus story abaotem ‘wanfala millston olsem datkaen wea donkey savve tanem.’—Mark 9:42.

Diskaen mill wea iusim olketa animal olketa iusim long Rome and bigfala haf bilong Roman Empire. Planti kaen mill olsem stap yet long Pompeii. Olketa garem ston antap wea sheip olsem hourglass and wea savve holem grain and ston andanit hem sheip olsem cone. Taem datfala ston antap hem tan raon antap long datfala ston andanit, olketa grain foldaon midolwan tufala ston hia and smas. Samfala long olketa ston antap hia hem stap yet wea size bilong samfala hem samting olsem 45 go kasem 90 centimeter waed. Olketa mill olsem savve hae kasem samting olsem 180 centimeter.

Iumi no savve sapos olketa man wakem firstaem olketa smol mill wea man nao tanem or olketa mill wea iusim animal. Nomata olsem, datfala smol mill wea savve tan raon hem gud bikos man savve tekem long eni ples and hem isi for iusim. Hem garem tufala ston wea olsem circle and wea maet size hem 30 go kasem 60 centimeter waed. Top bilong ston andanit hem garem sheip olsem dish and andanit bilong ston antap hem garem sheip olsem botom bilong dish mekem tufala ston fit tugeta. Ston antap hem sidaon long midol bilong hem and man iusim handol for tanem. For iusim, tufala woman savve feisim each other and tufala evriwan holem handol witim wanfala hand for tanem datfala ston antap. (Luke 17:35) Witim nara hand, wanfala woman hem kapsaetem grain go insaed hol long ston antap, and nara woman hipimap datfala flour taem hem foldaon from saed bilong mill go long dish or kaleko wea stap andanit. Kaen mill olsem hem fitim for olketa soldia, man wea waka long ship, or olketa smol famili wea stap farawe from ples wea olketa big mill stap.

Wata Or Wind Nao Tanem

Long samting olsem 27 B.C.E., wanfala engineer from Rome wea nem bilong hem Vitruvius hem storyim lukluk bilong wanfala wata mill long taem bilong hem. Wata hem pushim nao olketa padol bilong wanfala wheel wea standap wea join long wanfala axle wea mekem datfala wheel for tan raon. Datfala wheel mekem wanfala shaft wea standap for muv. Then datfala shaft nao tanem wanfala bigfala ston wea stap antap long nara ston.

Taem iumi markem datfala wata mill witim olketa nara kaen mill, haomas flour nao datfala wata mill savve mekem? Olketa mill wea man nao tanem savve mekem klosap 10 kilogram flour insaed wan hour, and olketa mill wea iusim animal for tanem wea barava waka gud hem savve mekem samting olsem 50 kilogram. Bat, wata mill bilong Vitruvius savve mekem 150 go kasem 200 kilogram flour insaed wan hour. Nomata olketa go ahed for changem samfala samting long design bilong Vitruvius, for planti handred year bihaen olketa man go ahed for iusim olketa wata mill olsem.

Olketa no iusim wata nomoa for tanem olketa millston. Olketa savve duim sem samting sapos olketa changem olketa wata wheel witim olketa sail bilong wanfala windmill. Olketa start for iusim olketa windmill long Europe long samting olsem mek-12 century C.E and staka pipol iusim long Belguim, Germany, Holland, and olketa nara ples. Olketa iusim olketa mill hia go kasem taem steam and olketa nara paoa isisi mekem pipol no iusim moa olketa nara wei for tanem mill.

‘Kaikai Bilong Iumi for Tuday’

Nomata distaem pipol garem olketa difren kaen mill, planti long olketa old wei for smasem grain hem go ahed yet long samfala ples long world. Long samfala ples long Africa, and olketa island long Pacific, pipol still iusim dish olsem man iusim for hammerim pudding. Long Mexico and Central America, olketa iusim olketa saddle quern for hammerim corn for mekem olketa tortilla. And long samfala ples pipol still iusim olketa wata mill and windmill.

Bat, klosap evri flour wea olketa iusim for mekem bred long olketa rich kantri distaem hem kam from olketa bigfala mill machine long factory. Isisi olketa grain kamap flour taem hem go midolwan olketa steel drum wea garem olketa laen wea olketa wakem and wea tatane againstim each other long difren speed. Diskaen mill savve mekem planti difren kaen flour wea no kost hae tumas.

Distaem, hem no hard waka tumas olsem bifor for kasem flour for beikem samting. Nomata olsem, iumi savve thankiu long Creator bilong iumi for wei wea hem givim iumi grain witim savve for changem datfala grain for kamap ‘kaikai bilong iumi for tuday.’—Matthew 6:11.

[Footnote]

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Saddle quern long Egypt

[Credit Line]

Soprintendenza Archeologica per la Toscana, Firenze

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Wanfala mill wea animal nao tanem, skwisim frut bilong olive for kamap oil

[Piksa Credit Line long page 22]

From the Self-Pronouncing Edition of the Holy Bible, containing the King James and the Revised versions