Italian Bible​—Nogud History Bilong Hem

“LONG kantri bilong mifala [Italy], staka Bible stap winim eni nara buk, bat no staka pipol readim. Olketa Catholic no mas kasem encouragement for savve long Bible and olketa no mas kasem help for readim tu. Samfala laek for savve abaotem Bible, bat plande taem no eniwan stap for teachim Bible long olketa.”

Disfala toktok from wanfala sekson bilong Italian Bishops Conference long 1995, hem mekem plande kwestin kamap. Waswe, staka pipol readim Bible long Italy long olketa century wea go pas? Taem iumi markem Italy witim olketa nara kantri, why nao no staka pipol kasem Bible? Why nao staka pipol long there no readim Bible? Wei for lukim history bilong olketa Italian-languis Bible bae ansarem olketa kwestin hia.

Hem tekem plande handred year for olketa languis olsem French, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish, and samfala moa, for kamaot from Latin languis. Long samfala kantri long Europe wea firstaem olketa iusim Latin languis, isisi, pipol start for tinghae long olketa lokol languis, and olketa iusim olketa languis olsem for raetem poetry and olketa nara buk olsem. Wei for iusim olketa lokol languis moa and moa hem barava affectim wei for transleitim Bible. Hao nao olsem? Long wanfala taem long history, olketa wea garem big education nomoa savve long Latin Languis, wea hem nao languis wea Catholic Church iusim, bat bigfala haf long olketa pipol iusim olketa lokol languis bilong olketa.

Kasem year 1000, klosap evriwan long Italy faendem hem hard for readim datfala Latin Vulgate, nomata sapos olketa fit for kasem wanfala copy. For plande handred year, olketa bigman bilong church kontrolem education, wea insaed diswan hem education long olketa university long datfala taem. Tu-thri hae class pipol nomoa kasem gud samting from datwan. So, gogo, Bible hem kamap buk wea pipol no savve long hem. Nomata olsem, plande laek for kasem wanfala Bible and for minim datwan long languis bilong olketa.

Plande bigman bilong church againstim waka for transleitim Bible bikos olketa fraet nogud datwan mekem wei for pipol againstim teaching bilong church. Man for raet saed long history, Massimo Firpo, hem sei, “wei for iusim olketa lokol languis bae finisim wei wea Latin languis mekem olketa bigman bilong church savve kontrolem evri samting saed long religion.” So, olketa samting saed long kastom, religion, tingting, and wei bilong pipol nao mekem bigfala haf bilong pipol long Italy no kasem Bible education kam kasem distaem.

Olketa First Transleison Bilong Samfala Part Bilong Bible

Long mek-13 century, olketa startim wei for transleitim olketa buk bilong Bible from Latin go long Italian languis. Olketa raetem olketa copy bilong olketa transleison hia wea no full Bible, and olketa expensive tumas. From namba bilong olketa transleison long mek-14 century kamap moa big, klosap full Bible stap long Italian languis, bat olketa difren pipol long olketa difren taem and ples nao transleitim olketa buk bilong Bible hia. Pipol wea rich and garem big education nao tekem klosap evriwan long olketa transleison hia wea no eniwan savve long nem bilong olketa man wea transleitim olketa, from olketa nomoa fit for peim and savve hao for readim.

For plande handred year, bigfala haf bilong pipol no savve read and raet. Nomata long taem wea Italy kamap independent from olketa nara kantri long 1861, 74.7 percent bilong population no savve read and raet. Taem datfala niu gavman bilong Italy prepare for mekem evriwan mas kasem education wea bae free, Pope Pius IX raet go long king long 1870 and barava ask strong for hem mas againstim datfala law, wea hem sei datwan hem olsem wanfala “sik wea isi for spred” wea bae “finisim evribit olketa Catholic skul.”

Firstfala Full Bible Long Italian Languis

Olketa finis for transleitim full Bible long Italian languis long Venice long 1471, wea datwan hem samting olsem 16 year bihaen olketa start for duim printing long Europe. Nicolò Malerbi, wanfala Camaldolese monk, finisim transleison bilong hem insaed eitfala month. Hem barava depend long olketa nara transleison. Hem markem olketa witim datfala Latin Vulgate, and hem changem samfala word witim olketa word wea pipol long ples bilong hem, Venice, iusim. Transleison bilong hem nao first Bible long Italian languis wea staka pipol savve kasem copy bilong hem.

Narafala man wea pablisim wanfala Bible long Venice hem Antonio Brucioli. Hem wanfala humanist and hem laekem biliv bilong olketa Protestant, bat hem no lusim Catholic Church. Long 1532, Brucioli pablisim Bible wea hem transleitim from Hebrew and Greek languis wea olketa iusim for raetem Bible firstaem. Diswan hem first Bible wea olketa transleitim from olketa first Bible go long Italian languis. Nomata hem no iusim olketa stael Italian word, hem barava transleit from olketa first Bible buk long stretfala wei, wea datwan mekem iumi sapraes taem iumi tingim hao long datfala taem, olketa no garem bigfala savve abaotem olketa old languis. Long samfala ples and edition, Brucioli putim go bak nem bilong God and spellim olsem “leova.” For klosap wan handred year, staka long olketa Protestant long Italy and olketa wea no agree witim teaching bilong church lovem tumas Bible bilong hem.

Samfala pipol and samfala Catholic tu, pablisim olketa nara transleison long Italian languis—wea really olketa semsem witim Bible bilong Brucioli, bat olketa mekem samfala change. No staka pipol fit for kasem copy bilong olketa. Giovanni Diodati, hem wanfala pastor bilong Calvinist church wea parents bilong hem ranawe go long Switzerland mekem olketa no kasem persecution bikos long biliv bilong olketa. Long 1607, hem pablisim long Geneva narafala transleison long Italian from olketa languis olketa iusim for raetem Bible firstaem. Bible bilong hem kamap Bible wea olketa Protestant long Italy iusim for plande handred year. Long datfala taem wea hem wakem, pipol ting long Bible bilong hem olsem wanfala nambawan Italian transleison. Bible bilong Diodati helpem pipol bilong Italy for minim olketa teaching insaed Bible. Bat olketa bigman bilong church stopem wei for plande pipol kasem wanfala copy bilong hem.

Bible—Buk wea Pipol No Savve Long Hem

Datfala Enciclopedia Cattolica hem sei: “Church hem evritaem win for kontrolem olketa buk, bat bifor olketa startim wei for duim printing, olketa no lukim eni need for keepim list bilong olketa buk wea olketa tambuim bikos olketa bonem olketa buk wea olketa sei hem danger.” Nomata bihaen long start bilong datfala Protestant Reformation, olketa bigman bilong church long samfala kantri long Europe duim best bilong olketa for stopem pipol for kasem olketa buk wea long tingting bilong olketa, olketa againstim teaching bilong church. Wanfala important change hem kamap bihaen long Council of Trent long 1546, taem olketa storyim olketa Bible wea olketa transleitim long olketa lokol languis. Tufala tingting kamap. Olketa wea favorim wei for tambuim olketa transleison hia talem hao olketa transleison olsem “bae barava mekem kamap wei for no agree witim Catholic Church.” Olketa wea againstim wei for tambuim olketa transleison hia talem hao olketa “enemy” bilong olketa, olketa Protestant, bae sei Catholic Church hem againstim olketa transleison long olketa lokol languis bikos olketa laek haedem “olketa laea and giaman wei bilong olketa.”

Wei wea olketa no savve agree minim datfala Council no mekem eni strongfala disison long datwan. Only samting olketa duim nao, hem for talem hao datfala Vulgate Bible, wea hem kamap main Bible wea Catholic Church iusim, hem only tru transleison. Nomata olsem, Carlo Buzzetti, wea hem nao teacher long datfala Pontifical University Salesianum, Rome, sei wei for talem hao datfala Vulgate hem “only tru transleison,” “sapotim idea for sei hem nao only Bible wea stret.” Olketa samting wea kamap bihaen showimaot diswan.

Long 1559, Pope Paul IV pablisim first list bilong olketa buk wea Catholic Church tambuim, wea hem nao wanfala list bilong olketa buk wea church stopem olketa Catholic for readim, salem, transleitim, or ownim. Long tingting bilong olketa, olketa buk hia savve spoelem faith and fasin bilong man. Datfala list tambuim wei for readim olketa Italian languis Bible, wea insaed diswan nao hem Bible bilong Brucioli. Olketa aotem from church eniwan wea readim olketa buk hia. List wea olketa raetem long 1596 hem tambuim moa samting. Hem stopem wei for eniwan savve transleitim or printim olketa Italian languis Bible. Olketa mas bonem olketa Bible olsem.

From diswan, wei for bonem olketa Bible aotsaed long olketa church hem barava kamap big bihaen long end bilong mek-16 century. Long tingting bilong klosap evriwan, Bible hem kamap buk bilong olketa pipol wea againstim teaching bilong Church, and kam kasem distaem, pipol still garem tingting olsem. Olketa bonem klosap evri Bible and buk abaotem Bible long olketa pablik and private library, and for next 200 year, no eni Catholic transleitim wanfala Bible go long Italian languis. Olketa Bible wea pipol givimaot haed long Italy from olketa fraet nogud olketa kasem panis for datwan, hem olketa Bible wea olketa Protestant savveman nao transleitim. Dastawe man for raetem history, Mario Cignoni hem sei: “Samting wea kamaot from diswan nao, hem wei wea olketa member bilong Catholic Church barava no readim Bible for plande handred year. Gogo, Bible kamap buk wea tu-thri pipol nomoa savve long hem, and plande million pipol long Italy no readim eni samting insaed Bible.”

No Stopem Evribit

Bihaen, long wanfala disison saed long datfala list wea garem date June 13, 1757, Pope Benedict XIV changem datfala first law and “letem wei for readim Bible long olketa lokol languis wea datfala Holy See appruvim and wea olketa pablisim anda long direction bilong olketa bishop.” Samting wea kamaot from diswan nao, Antonio Martini, wea bihaen hem kamap archbishop bilong Florence, prepare for transleitim datfala Vulgate. Hem pablisim first part long 1769, and hem finisim full Bible long 1781. Wanfala man bilong Catholic Church talem hao transleison bilong Martini hem first Bible wea “barava fit for kasem praise.” Kasem datfala taem, olketa Catholic wea no minim Latin no fit for readim Bible wea church appruvim. For next 150 year, Bible bilong Martini hem only Bible wea church appruvim for olketa Catholic long Italy.

Diswan hem change long datfala ecumenical council Vatican II. Long 1965, datfala pepa Dei Verbum encouragem for firstaem “wei for duim transleison wea fitim and stret . . . go long olketa difren languis, especially from olketa firstfala copy bilong olketa holy buk.” No longtaem bifor datwan, long 1958, datfala Pontificio istituto biblico (Pontifical Biblical Institute) pablisim “first full Catholic Bible from olketa first copy bilong Bible.” Long samfala ples long disfala Bible, olketa putim go bak nem bilong God and spellim, “Jahve.”

Barava nogud samting kamaot from wei for againstim olketa Bible wea olketa transleitim long Italian languis, and datwan hem gohed yet. Olsem Gigliola Fragnito talem, diswan “mekem olketa wea biliv no trustim wei wea olketa fit for tingting and depend long conscience bilong olketa seleva.” And tu, church hem barava strongim olketa kastom and teaching bilong hem, wea long tingting bilong plande Catholic, olketa samting hia moa important winim Bible. Evri samting hia kosim pipol for no savve gud long Bible, nomata klosap evriwan long Italy savve read and raet distaem.

Bat, preaching waka bilong Olketa Jehovah’s Witness, hem mekem plande pipol interest moa long Bible long Italian languis. Long 1963 olketa Witness pablisim New World Translation of the Christian Greek Scriptures long Italian languis. Long 1967 pipol savve kasem full Bible. Olketa givimaot winim 4,000,000 copy bilong disfala Bible long Italy. Datfala New World Translation, wea putim go bak nem bilong God, Jehovah, kasem praise for wei wea hem barava followim long klos wei olketa first Bible.

Olketa Jehovah’s Witness go from haos tu haos and readim and explainim Bible message bilong hope long evriwan wea laek for lisin. (Acts 20:20) Long next taem wea iu meetim Olketa Jehovah’s Witness, mifala encouragem iu for askem olketa for showim iu samting wea Bible bilong iu talem abaotem nambawan promis bilong God hao klosap nao hem bae mekem kamap wanfala “niu earth” wea “evriwan bae garem raeteous fasin.”—2 Peter 3:13.

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Venice

ROME

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Transleison bilong Brucioli iusim datfala nem bilong God, leova

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Datfala list bilong olketa buk wea church tambuim talem hao olketa Bible wea olketa transleitim long Italian languis hem danger samting for readim

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Bible title page: Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale di Roma

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Brucioli’s translation: Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale di Roma; Index: Su concessione del Ministero per i Beni e le Attività Culturali