Ov, Mulong Wak Ukutwish Kuchingejin ma Evanjil ma Bibil?

GAZET MUSU USANGARESHINA NAKASH WA IN BRESIL ulejen anch: “Mading ma katumb kajim nakash. Mading mafilm mapepidilau ma usey wa ma miliyon . . . ni malandinau nakash . . . Yisak ya in Kristu yamitiyija. Mikand yiney yalangwisha ma relijon ni malejan ma ku ujindj.”

OV MAZU minam misambidin yom ik? Gazet winou wading wisambidin piur pa mutapu ukatau antu avud kusanger katat mijikit yimedina pa ma evanjil ma makasu, mikand, ni kuburik kwatanau pakach pa chitot mivu cha 20 mu ul wa Nag Hammadi ni ndond yikwau mu Idjibit. Ma evanjil minam ni mikand yikwau yading yimedin yisu yivud pa mikand ya Ngostique ni ya Apocryphe.a

Ov, Kwading Kupungan?

Mu chirung chadingau antu avud ni kuswingish Bibil ni marelijon ma orthodox, mikand ya Ngostique ap ya Apocryphe yamekana mudi yakwil mu mutapu uwamp kuyipul yivud. Mikand yiney yading nich yibachikin yikash piur pa mutapu wandinga umenau antu avud malejan ma Yesu Kristu ni win Kristu. Mudi mwalejanay gazet umwing anch: “Evanjil wa Thomas ni mikand ya Apocryphe yikwau yikwatin ku muchim wa chisak cha antu adandamedina kuvulijan nlel unou: antu asotina mwom wa spiritu pakwez pakad kuchingejin mu relijon.” Achinda anch mu Bresil kusu “mudi yisak 30 ya antu itiyijina malejan mimedina pa mikand ya Apocryphe.”

Kujingunin kwa mikand yiney kwapalangesha malejan makwel anch mu mivu chitot cha mivu cha kanying C.C., Egliz Katolik wapungana mulong wa kujindjik uyakin piur pa Yesu, ni jinsangu jimwing ja mwom wend ajidiosha mu mikand ya Apocryphe, ni ma Evanjil manying madia mud Bibil wa katat amayipisha. Elaine Pagels, mulej wa relijon ndiy ulejen anch: “Katat twasambish kal kuman yitutazukina anch win Kristu—ni yitumena anch yaku ya win Kristu—katat yidi kwau kusu yikunku yikemp ya malejan makusambish, matondau pakach pa malejan makwau mavud.”

Kwambatan nich in kwilej mudi Pagels, Bibil kadiap musul umwing kusu wa ritiy ra win Kristu; kudi kand misul yikwau, mudi mikand ya Apocryphe. Chilakej, program umwing wa BBC upidilau anch Bible Mysteries, “Mariy Mandalen Wakin” walejana anch mikand ya Apocryphe yalejen anch Mariy Mandalen udi “mulej ni ntakel wa muspiritu wa in kwilej akwau. Kadiap mwin kwilej kusu; udi kambuy kudiau atwimbuy.” Pisambinay pa yatongay kwikal mudimu wa Mariy Mandalen, Juan Arias wafundin mu gazet umwing wa in Brezil, Estado de Sao Paulo anch: “Nlel unou yom yawonsu yitubachikin kwitiyij anch ditenchik dia kusambish dia win Kristu, dimedina pa Yesu, diading kwau dia ‘amband’, mulong atushalapol in egliz akusambish ading amband a kuyikumbu, kwinikwa adinga asadina mudi in kupesh ni amakurump.”

Antu avud atongining anch misul ya Apocryphe yiding ya usey nakash kupandikenamu musul wa Bibil. Pakwez, chitongijok chinech chilangwishin yipul ya usey nakash: Ov, mikand ya Apocryphe yidi musul wa ritiy ra in Kristu? Pakatau kutadik malejan madia zwang ma Bibil, ov musul ik tufanyidina kwitiyij—tukwitiyij bil Bibil anch tukwitiyij mikand ya Apocryphe? Ov, kwading chakin kamu kupungan mu mivu chitot ya kanying mulong wa kushesh mikand yiney ni kuyipish ma Evanjil manying malejena jinsangu ja usey piur pa Yesu, Mariy Mandalen, ni akwau? Chakwel twakula ku yipul yiney, shinshikinany bil umwing wa ma Evanjil manying madia mu Bibil, Evanjil wa Yohan.

Uman Udiokila Ku Evanjil wa Yohan

Chikunku cha usey cha Evanjil wa Yohan achitana mu Idjibit piswimp ni pa chitot cha mivu cha 20 ni katat chijiken mudi Papyrus Rylands 457 (P⁵²). Chikwet maverse ma Yohan 18:31-33, 37, 38 mu Bibil wa katat ni achilama mu chikumbu cha mabuku cha John Rylands cha ku Manchester mu Angleterre. Chidi chikunku chikuru nakash pakach pa mikand ya win Kristu ya Ugrek. In kwilej avud itiyijin anch achifunda mu muvu wa 125 C.C., mu chikunku cha kanying kusu cha chitot cha mivu ap kupwa kwa rufu ra Yohan. Chom chishimokishina chidi anch chikunku cha mukand chikwatijadin nawamp nich ma mamiskri ma machuku ma kwinyim. Mulong chikunku cha Evanjil wa Yohan cha pasak chading chashikin kal mu Idjibit, mwatanau chikunku chikasikeshidina mazu mansudiel makwel anch rusangu ruwamp ra Yohan arifunda chakin kamu mu chitot cha mivu chakusambish C.C. ni kudi Yohan amwinend, mudi mulondinay Bibil. Pakwez mukand wa Yohan aufunda kudi muntu wimena yom yafunday ni mes mend.

Chikwau kand, mikand ya Apocryphe yawonsu ayifunda mu chitot cha mivu chakaad, mu mivu chitot ap ni kusut kupwa kwa kusadik yom yilejenau. In nkeu amwing apakishin kulond anch mikand ya Apocryphe yimedin pa mikand ap yaku ya pasak, pakwez kwikil uman ulejena mwamu. Chawiy lel, chipul ech chidi cha usey, yik ukutwisha kwitiyij nakash—ov, ukwitiyij uman wa antu imena ni mes mau ap antu afunda pasutin kal mivu chitot kupwa kwa yom kusadik? Chakul choviken kwau.b

Chidi nchik piur pa chitongijok cha kwel anch ma Evanjil ma Bibil amayipisha mulong wa kudiosh jinsangu jimwing ja mwom wa Yesu? Ov, kudi uman ap umwing ulejena anch Evanjil wa Yohan amuyipisha mu chitot cha mivu chakanying mulong wa kurumbangesh jinsangu? Pakwakul ku chipul chinech, tufanyidin kwijik anch nfungul umwing wa musul wa Bibil wa katat udi maniskri wa mu chitot cha mivu chakanying utazukinau anch Vatican 1209. Anch mu Bibil mudi yom yaswimpau mu chitot cha mivu chakanying, kuswimp kwinoku kwela kumekan mu maniskri winou. Chisangareshina chidi anch, kudi maniskri mukwau ukweta yom yivud ya mukand wa Luka ni Yohan, maniskri utazukinau anch Bodmer 14, 15 (P⁷⁵), wa mu muvu wa 175 C.C. kushik mu muvu wa 225 C.C. Kulondulijan nich in nkeu, mukand wend ukwatijadin nakash nich maniskri wa Vatican 1209. Chikwau kand, kaswimpap yom yivud mu Evanjil wa Bibil, ni tukwet uman wa maniskri wa Vatican 1209 ulejena patok.

Kwikil uman ap umwing, wa mukand ap ukwau, ulejena anch mukand wa Yohan—ap ma Evanjil makwau—amarumbangesha mu chitot cha mivu chakanying. Kupwa kwa kushinshikin yikunku ya ma maniskri yatanau ku Oxyrhynchus, mu Idjibit, Dokter Peter M. Head wa ku universite wa Cambridge, wafunda anch: “Mamaniskri minam malejen patok mukand wa mifund yijim yijim yafundau mu chitot cha mivu chakanying pimedina mikand ya katat. Kwikil chom pinap chitina chovu chisu pa mutapu ulejena pakusambish mukand wa Manswik Masu.”

Ov, Misu Mazu Mansudiel Tukutwisha Kulond?

Ma Evanjil manying ma Mukand wa Nzamb—Mateu, Marko, Luka, ni Yohan—amitiyija kudi antu awonsu pakach pa in Kristu piswimp ni kwinsambishil kwa mukach mwa chitot cha mivu chakaad. Tatian wasadila nakash Diatessaron ap “kusutil [pa] yinying”, watekay pakach pa muvu wa 160 ni wa 175 C.C., wading wimedin pa ma Evanjil manying kusu ma Bibil ni kimedinap pa ma “evanjil” ma Ngostique bwat. (Tal mushet “Muntu Wachidijanga Evanjil Pasak.”) Chikwau kand, chalonday Irenaeus piur pa chitot cha mivu chakaad C.C. yasutina chidi cha usey. Ndiy walonda anch ma Evanjil mafanyidin kwikal manying ni mudi mudinga makonk ma divu manying ni mitambu ya rinkind yinying. Ap anch chitwishikin kutadik yilakej yend, pakwez dinans diend dikasikeshidin chitongijok chakwel anch kwading ma Evanjil manying kusu ma Bibil pa chirung chinicha.

Yom yiney yawonsu yimekeshin ik? Yimekeshin anch Mikand ya ugrek ya win Kristu—ni ma Evanjil manying—tukweta nlel unou, mashala pakad kumaswimp kudiosh mu chitot cha mivu chakaad. Kwikil diyingish dikash dia kwitiyijin anch kwading kupungan mu chitot cha mivu chakanying mulong wa kuswimp ap kudiosh chikunku ap chimwing cha Mikand yapepidilau kud Nzamb. Pakwez, mwin kwilej Bibil umwing Bruce Metzger wafunda anch: “Papwa chitot cha mivu chakaad, . . . chilik cha uumwing ukash wa chikunku cha Manswik Masu chayishikena antu avud ni chapalangana mu yikumangen ya in kwitiyij, kichashikap ching mu mal ma ku mediterrane kusu pakwez chapalangana kand ku Angleterre kushik ni ku Mesopotamie.”

Kambuy Paul ni Pita akasikesha uyakin wa Nzamb. Awonsu aad ayiyula nakash ambay in Kristu chakwel ipuka kwitiyij malejan makwau pandond pa kwitiyij yadingau ni kuyifundish. Chilakej, Paul wamufundina Timote anch: “O Timote, lama yapanau kudi ey. Iyepa ku yilondilond ni mazu ma ntad ja antu idimbil anch ronganyin rakin; mulong mu kulondul yiney antu amwing arumbuka kal mwi njil ya ritiy.” Pita ulejen anch: “Mulong kitwalondulap jinsangu jamwamu jalondau in kudimwok, pitwijikisha usu ni kwez kwa Nsalejetu Yesu Kristu, pakwez yetu twading atuman a uyaj wend, twamana ni mes metu.”—1 Timote 6:20, 21; 2 Pita 1:16.

Pasutil kal mivu yitot, muprofet Isay amubachika kulond anch: “Masuku makat kuum, ni yisalamb yikat kukwanyat, pakwez dizu dia [Yehova] dishich chikupu!” (Isay 40:8) Tukutwish kukwal nich richingej rimwing ni Muntu wapepidila Mukand wa Nzamb ni kuyilam mu yirung ni yirung mulong wa “kuyipandish antu awonsu ni kwez ku kwijik uyakin.”—1 Timote 2:4.

[Mazu madia kwishin kwa paj]

[Dizu dirumburila chipich chidia pa paj wa 9]

Papyrus Rylands 457(P⁵²), chikunku cha Evanjil cha Yohan chafundau mu chitot cha mivu chakaad C.C., achifunda kusu mu mivu dikum yikemp kupwa kwa kufund chikunku cha kusambish

[Kamushet/Yipich yidia pa paj wa 11]

Muntu Wachidijanga Evanjil Pasak

Pasak mu rusangu ra in Kristu, kwalanka kunyinyit anch Evanjil ukat kutadikijan anch jinsangu jend jidiap ja kuchingejin. Tatian mwin kufund wa mu Siria (piswimp ni pa mivu 110-180 C.C.) weza kumuchidij Evanjil. Watonga anch yawonsu yimekena kwikal yitadikijadina yikez kashadik anch Evanjil amurijek nawamp ni kumubomb kwikal rusangu rumwing pandond pa jinsangu jinying.

Tatian wasambisha kurijek uumwing winou. Kadingap ija anch wadinga mwin Grek ap mwin Siria. Chikalap nchik mwamu, piswimp mu mivu 170 C.C., Tatian wapwisha mudimu wend, wijikana mud Diatessaron, dizu dia Ugrek dirumburikina “kusutil [ku] Yinying.” Mulong wak tufanyidina kupwitin manangu metu pa mudimu winou wakad kupepilau?

Mu chitot cha mivu cha 19, kunyinyit kwasambisha kwa kukasikeshin chitongijok cha kwel anch kwikil Evanjil wafundau kurutu kwa pakach pa chitot cha mivu cha kaad C.C.; pa chinech, makutwish kwikal nich rusangu ra usey ukemp. Pakwez, mamaniskri makur ma Diatessaron majinguninau kudiosh kamu pinipa, maleta uman uwanyidina anch ma Evanjil manying—ni ching kusu manying—madinga mijikena nawamp pakur ni mitiyikina mudi mikand yabombau pamwing pakach pa chitot cha mivu cha kaad C.C.

Kujingunin kwa Diatessaron ni kwisambin piur pend mu Arabe, mu Arménien, Grek, ni mu Latin kwamushikija ngang a Bibil Sir Frederic Kenyon kufund anch: “Kujingunin kwinoku kwadinga kwakad kwidjidjek ap kukemp pa mutapu wadinga Diatessaron, ni kwamekesha anch piswimp A.D. 170 ma Evanjil manying mitiyikina kwikal mapepidilau makwet usey ujim wakad kutadikish piur pa jinsangu jawonsu ja Kupandish mwom wetu.”

[Yipich]

Tatian

Diatessaron in Arabic

[Tablo udia pa paj wa 8]

(Chakwel kutan mazu mawonsu, tal mu mukand)

“p.” urumburikin “piswimp ni.”

33 C.C.

Yesu wafa

p. 41

Mateu wafunda

p. 58

Luka wafunda

p. 65

Marko wafunda

p. 98

Yohan wafunda

125

Rylands 457 (P52)

p. 140

Mikand ya Apocryphe yasambisha

p. 175

Bodmer 14, 15 (P75)

Chitot cha mivu chakanying

Vatican 1209

[Chipich chidia pa paj wa 10]

Vatican 1209

Maniskri wa mu chitot cha mivu chakanying Vatican 1209, yidia piur, yimekeshin mutapu kwadinga kuswimp kukemp kwa mifund mu ma Evanjil

[Dizu Dirumburila]

Yidiokil mu buku Bibliorum Sacrorum Graecus Codex Vaticanus, muvu wa 1868

[Dizu Dirumburila Chipich chidia pa paj wa 9]

© The Trustees of the Chester Beatty Library, Dublin