Hariho Ugutanga Kuzana Umunezero

UWITWA Genival, aba mu gisagara kimwe gikenye cane co mu buraruko bushira ubuseruko bwa Berezile, yari abeshejeho umugore wiwe n’abana biwe akoresheje agashahara gatoyi yaronka mu kazi k’ubunyezamu yakora ku bitaro bimwe. Naho Genival yari akenye, yaratanga ikigiracumi abishizeko umutima. Aribuka igihe yari ashonje akavuga ati: “Rimwe na rimwe umuryango waba ushonje, mugabo ngashaka guha Imana ibintu vyiza mfise, naho vyaba bikenewe ko nibabaza.”

Genival amaze kuva mu kazi, yagumye atanga ikigiracumi. Umukuru w’idini ryiwe yamuhimirije ko yogeza Imana mu gutanga intererano nini. Nya mukuru w’idini yamubwiye yuko Imana ata kabuza yari kumuha umugisha. Ku bw’ivyo, Genival yafashe ingingo y’uko yogurisha inzu yiwe, hanyuma amahera avuyemwo akayaha iryo dini ryiwe.

Genival si we muntu wenyene afise agatima nk’ako k’inziraburyarya mu gutanga. Abantu benshi bakenye cane baratanga ikigiracumi babigiranye ukugamburuka kubera yuko amadini barimwo abigisha ko gutanga ikigiracumi ari ikintu gisabwa na Bibiliya. Ivyo vyoba ari ukuri?

Gutanga Ikigiracumi n’Ico Ivyagezwe vya Musa Vyabivugako

Itegeko ryo gutanga ikigiracumi ryari mu bigize Ivyagezwe Yehova Imana yahaye ya miryango 12 ya Isirayeli ya kera, ubu hakaba haciye imyaka irenga 3.500. Ico Cagezwe cavuga yuko ic’icumi c’ivyo umuntu yimbuye mu murima be n’ivyamuwe ku biti be n’ic’icumi c’ibitungwa vyiyongereye mu mukuku categerezwa guhabwa umuryango wa Lewi kugira bibasahirize mu bikorwa barangurira kw’ihema.​—Abalewi 27:30, 32; Guharūra 18:21, 24.

Yehova yarakuye amazinda Abisirayeli yuko Ivyagezwe ‘bitobaye ivyo kubananiza.’ (Gusubira mu Vyagezwe 30:11) Igihe cose bogumye bitondera amabwirizwa ya Yehova babigiranye ubwizerwe, ushizemwo no gutanga ikigiracumi, yari yabasezeraniye ko bokwimbuye umusesekara. Maze mu buryo bwo kwiziganiriza, hari ikindi kigiracumi catangwa ku mwaka ku mwaka bama bashira ku ruhande, kikaba mu bisanzwe cakoreshwa igihe iryo hanga ryakorana ku bw’imisi mikuru y’ivy’idini. Gutyo, ‘inyambukira, impfuvyi n’abapfakazi’ barashobora guhazwa.​—Gusubira mu Vyagezwe 14:28, 29; 28:1, 2, 11-14.

Ivyagezwe ntivyatomora igihano catangwa ku wananirwa gutanga ikigiracumi, mugabo Umwisirayeli wese yari afise ibanga ryo gukurikiza iryo tegeko rikomeye ryo gushigikira ugusenga kw’ukuri muri ubwo buryo. Nkako, Yehova yagirije Abisirayeli bafashe minenegwe ivy’ugutanga ikigiracumi mu misi ya Malaki ko bariko ‘bamugunga mu vy’ikigiracumi n’amashikanwa.’ (Malaki 3:8) Abakirisu badatanga ikigiracumi boba boshobora kwagirizwa ico kintu?

Reka tubirabe. Amategeko y’igihugu kanaka mu bisanzwe ntakora mu kindi gihugu. Nk’akarorero, itegeko ritegeka abagendesha imiduga mu Bwongereza kugendera ku ruhande rw’ibubamfu ntirikora ku bagendesha imiduga mu Bufaransa. Mu buryo nk’ubwo nyene, icagezwe casaba gutanga ikigiracumi cari umuce w’isezerano ryari hagati y’Imana n’ihanga rya Isirayeli gusa. (Kuvayo 19:3-8; Zaburi 147:19, 20) Abisirayeli gusa ni bo bafatwa n’ico cagezwe.

Vyongeye, naho ari ivy’ukuri yuko Imana itigera ihinduka, ivyo isaba vyovyo rimwe na rimwe birahinduka. (Malaki 3:6) Bibiliya ivuga idakikiriza yuko urupfu rwo kwitangako inkuka rwa Yezu rwabaye mu 33 G.C. “[rwa]hanaguye,” canke “[rwa]hindu[ye] ubusa” Ivyagezwe ushizemwo n’“ivyagezwe bigera . . . [gu]tangisha . . . ikigiracumi.”​—Ab’i Kolosayi 2:13, 14; Abanyefeso 2:13-15; Abaheburayo 7:5, 18.

Ugutanga kw’Abakirisu

Ariko rero, intererano zo gushigikira ugusenga kw’ukuri zari zigikenewe. Yezu yashinze abigishwa biwe igikorwa co ‘kumushingira intahe gushitsa ku mpera y’isi.’ (Ivyakozwe 1:8) Uko igitigiri c’abizera cagenda kirongerekana, ni ko hagumye hakenerwa abigisha bakirisu be n’abacungezi bakirisu bagendera amashengero kandi bakayakomeza. Abapfakazi, impfuvyi be n’abandi bari n’ivyo bakeneye bategerezwa kwitwararikwa mu bihe bimwebimwe. None Abakirisu bo mu kinjana ca mbere bakura he amahera yaba akenewe?

Nko mu 55 G.C., Abakirisu batari Abayuda b’i Buraya no muri Aziya Ntoya baratewe akamo ngo batange imfashanyo ku bw’ishengero ryari rikenye ry’i Yudaya. Mu makete intumwa Paulo yandikiye ishengero ry’i Korinto, yaradondoye ukuntu ‘ugukorakoranya ibitabara abera’ vyari vyungunganijwe. (1 Ab’i Korinto 16:1) Hari aho wotangazwa n’ivyo amajambo ya Paulo ahishura ku vyerekeye ugutanga kw’Abakirisu.

Intumwa Paulo ntiyaryosharyosheje abo basangiye ukwemera abajijura ngo batange. Kukaba nkako, Abakirisu b’i Makedoniya bari mu “marushwa menshi” no mu ‘bworo butagira iyo buherwa’ bategerezwa ‘kuguma bamusaba binginga cane kubatera iteka kugira ngo bafatanye n’abagaburira abera.’​—2 Ab’i Korinto 8:1-4.

Ni vyo, Paulo yararemesheje Abanyakorinto bifise kwigana abavukanyi babo b’i Makedoniya batanga cane. Igitabu kimwe kivuga yuko naho vyari vyifashe ukwo, ‘yirinze gutanga amategeko, aho kubigenza gutyo yahisemwo gusaba, gushikiriza iciyumviro, kuremesha, canke gutera akamo. Iyo haza kubamwo agahato, ugutanga kw’Abanyakorinto ntikwobaye kurimwo ugushaka be n’igishika. Paulo yari azi yuko “Imana ikunda ūtanga anezerewe,” atari umuntu atanga ‘ababaye canke agoberewe.’​—2 Ab’i Korinto 9:7.

Ukwizera kwinshi be n’ubumenyi bwinshi bifatanije n’urukundo nyakuri bakunda Abakirisu bagenzi babo vyosunikiye Abanyakorinto ku gutanga babikunze.​—2 Ab’i Korinto 8:7, 8.

‘Nk’Uko Yabigabiye mu Mutima Wiwe’

Aho gutomora urugero canke ibice kw’ijana botanga, Paulo yatanze gusa inama yuko “ku wa mbere wose w’imisi ndwi, umuntu wese . . . akwiye gushira ku ruhande igitigiri kinaka c’amahera akurikije ayo aronka.” (1 Ab’i Korinto 16:2, NIV [New International Version], ni twe tubihiritse.) Mu gutegekanya no mu gushira ku ruhande igitigiri kinaka bisunze ivyo bama baronka, Abanyakorinto ntibari kwumva bahatiwe gutanga ku kagobero canke kwumva ko bahaswe Paulo aramutse ashitse. Ku Mukirisu wese, ingingo yo kumenya ayo yotanga ingene angana categerezwa kuba ikintu kimuraba ubwiwe, yatanga ivyo ‘yagabiye mu mutima wiwe.’​—2 Ab’i Korinto 9:5, 7.

Kugira ngo bimbure vyinshi, Abanyakorinto bategerezwa kubiba vyinshi. Nta ciyumviro co gutanga gushika aho wikokora cari caratanzwe. Paulo yabakuye amazinda ati: ‘Simvuze ntyo kugira ngo mugorwe.’ Intererano ‘zemerwa ku vy’umuntu afise, si ku vy’adafise.’ (2 Ab’i Korinto 8:12, 13; 9:6) Mw’ikete iyo ntumwa yanditse mu nyuma, yatanze imburizi igira iti: “Umuntu n’atatūnga . . . abiwe, azoba yihakanye ukwizera, kand’azoba abaye hanyuma y’ūtizera.” (1 Timoteyo 5:8) Paulo ntiyaremesheje ugutanga guteye kubiri n’iyo ngingo ngenderwako.

Birafise ico bivuze kubona Paulo yaracungereye ‘ivyo bakorakoranya bitabara abera’ bari n’ivyo bakeneye. Mu Vyanditswe, nta ho dusoma yuko Paulo canke izindi ntumwa baringaniza ivy’ugukorakoranya canke bakira ibigiracumi kugira haboneke amahera bakoresha mu busuku bwabo bwite. (Ivyakozwe 3:6) Paulo, uwama nantaryo akenguruka ingabirano amashengero yaba yamurungikiye, yaririnze abishizeko umutima ‘kuremera’ abavukanyi biwe.​—1 Ab’i Tesalonike 2:9; Ab’i Filipi 4:15-18.

Ugutanga Umuntu Avyishakiye Muri Iki Gihe

Biribonekeza ko mu kinjana ca mbere, abayoboke ba Kirisitu batanga bavyishakiye, mugabo ko batatanga ikigiracumi. Ariko rero, ushobora kwibaza uti: “Ubwo buryo bwo gutanga bwoba bukiri uburyo kirumara butuma haboneka amahera yo gukoresha mu gikorwa co kwamamaza inkuru nziza no mu kwitwararika Abakirisu bari n’ivyo bakeneye?

Rimbura ibikurikira. Mu 1879, abasohora iki kinyamakuru baravuze ata kurya umunwa yuko “batokwigeze na rimwe basega canke ngo binginge abantu kubashigikira.” Iyo ngingo yoba yaratangiriye utwigoro Ivyabona vya Yehova bagira two gukwiragiza ukuri kwa Bibiliya?

Muri iki gihe, Ivyabona barakwiragiza Amabibiliya, ibitabu vya gikirisu be n’ibindi bisohokayandikiro mu bihugu 235. Umunara w’Inderetsi, ikinyamakuru ntanganyigisho gishingiye kuri Bibiliya, mu ntango hakwiragizwa ku kwezi ku kwezi amakopi yaco 6.000 yacapurwa mu rurimi rumwe. Kuva ico gihe, caracitse ikinyamakuru gisohoka kabiri mu kwezi, hagacapurwa amakopi arenga 24.000.000 aboneka mu ndimi 146. Kugira ngo bungunganye igikorwa c’ukwigisha Bibiliya kirangurirwa ku mubumbe wose, Ivyabona barubatse canke bararonse ibiro vy’amashami mu bihugu 110. Vyongeye, barubatse ibibanza vy’amakoraniro ibihumbi n’ibihumbi mu turere tw’aho baba, barubaka n’ingoro z’amahwaniro nininini kugira baronse ivyicaro abantu bashimishwa no kuronka izindi nyigisho zishingiye kuri Bibiliya.

Naho kwitwararika ivyo abantu bakeneye mu vy’impwemu ari co kintu kiza imbere y’ibindi, Ivyabona vya Yehova ntibafata minenegwe ivyo abo basangiye ukwizera bakeneye mu vy’umubiri. Igihe abavukanyi babo bashikiwe n’ingaruka mbi ziterwa n’intambara, vya nyamugigima, uruzuba rukaze be n’ibihuhusi, ntibatebagana kubaronsa imiti, ibifungurwa, ivyambarwa be n’ibindi bintu vya nkenerwa. Amahera akoreshwa muri ivyo ava ku mfashanyo zitangwa n’Abakirisu ku giti cabo be n’amashengero.

Gutanga umuntu avyishakiye ni ngirakamaro kandi biraremurura umutwaro ku bakene bameze nka Genival, umwe twavuga mu ntango. Igishimishije, imbere yuko Genival agurisha inzu yiwe, yaragendewe na Maria, umusuku w’igihe cose wo mu Vyabona vya Yehova. Genival yibuka ibi: “Ico kiyago carakijije umuryango wanje amagume menshi wari ugiye kwinjiramwo bitari bikenewe.”

Genival yarabonye yuko igikorwa c’Imana kidahagaze ku gutanga ibigiracumi. Nkako, gutanga ikigiracumi si ikintu kigisabwa n’Ivyanditswe. Yaramenye yuko Abakirisu bahezagirwa igihe batanze bivuye ku mutima, mugabo ko badategerezwa gutanga ibiruta ivyo bafise.

Gutanga umuntu avyishakiye vyarazaniye Genival umunezero nyakuri. Abiserura muri ubu buryo: “Ndashobora canke sinshobore gutanga ibice 10 kw’ijana, mugabo ndahimbarwa n’intererano ntanga, kandi ndazi ntakekeranya yuko na Yehova ahimbarwa.”

[Uruzitiro/Amafoto ku rup. 6]

Abatanguje Ekeleziya Boba Barigishije Gutanga Ikigiracumi?

“Abatunzi bari muri twebwe barafasha abakene . . . Abifise kandi bafise umutima ukunze baratanga ico umwumwe wese abona ko kibereye.”​—Premier Apologétique ca Justin Martyr, nko mu mwaka w’150 G.C.

“Kukaba nkako, Abayuda barashikanira Imana ibigiracumi vy’ivyo batunze, mugabo Abakirisu bararonse umwidegemvyo wo gushira ku ruhande ivyo batunze vyose kugira bikoreshwe ku bw’imigambi y’Imana, . . . nk’uko wa mupfakazi yabigize, agaterera ivyari bimubeshejeho vyose mu bubiko bw’Imana.”​—Contre les hérésies ca Irénée, nko mu mwaka w’180 G.C.

“Naho dufise isandugu y’amahera, ntirimwo amahera y’ukugura agakiza, nk’iy’idini igurishwa. Umusi umwe mu kwezi, uwo wese abishatse atererayo intererano ntoyi; mugabo avyishakiye gusa canke bimushobokeye: si ku gahato; vyose abigira n’umutima ukunze.”​—Apologétique ca Tertullien, nko mu mwaka w’197 G.C.

“Uko Ekeleziya yagiye irasagamba, inzego zitandukanye zigashingwa, vyarabaye ngombwa ko hashingwa amategeko yotumye abakuru b’amadini baronka amahera yo kubashigikira mu buryo bubereye kandi ibihe vyose. Ugutanga ibigiracumi vyakurikizwa hishimikijwe Ivyagezwe vya Musa . . . Itegeko rya mbere ritomora ico kintu bisa n’uko ryari mw’ikete ryasohowe n’abasenyeri bari bakoraniye mu gisagara co mu Bufaransa citwa Tours mu 567 G.C. no [mu mategeko ngenderwako] yashinzwe na ya Nama yabera mu gisagara ca Macon mu 585 G.C.”​—The Catholic Encyclopedia.

[Abo dukesha ifoto]

Ikingorongoro, hejuru amaja i bubamfu: Pictorial Archive (Near Eastern History) Est.

[Ifoto ku rup. 4, 5]

Ugutanga umuntu avyishakiye birazana umunezero

[Amafoto ku rup. 7]

Intererano zitangwa n’abavyishakiye zirakoreshwa mu gikorwa c’ukwamamaza, mu vy’ugutabara vyihutirwa no mu kwubaka ibibanza vy’amakoraniro