Tasiyano​—yoba yari umuntu arwanira ukwizera canke akurwanya?

AMAJA mu mpera z’urugendo rw’ubumisiyonari rugira gatatu intumwa Paulo yagize, yaragiranye inama n’abagabo b’inararibonye bo mw’ishengero ry’i Efeso. Yababwiye ati: “Ndazi yuko ni namara kuhava, amabingira y’inkazi azobinjiramwo atababaye umukuku. Kandi no muri mwebge ubganyu hazokwadukamw’abantu bavuga ibigoramye kugira ngo bakwegere abigishwa inyuma yabo”.​—Ivyakozwe 20:29, 30.

Nk’uko Paulo yari yarabivuze, ikinjana ca kabiri co mu G.C. cabaye igihe c’ihinduka be n’ic’ubuhakanyi bwari bwarabuwe. Ubuginositike, idini yari ikwiragiye ikongera ikaba n’umuhari w’ivya filozofiya watosekaje ukwizera kwa bamwebamwe, bwariko buratsimbatara. Abaginositike bemera yuko ivy’impwemu ari vyo vyiza be n’uko ibintu vyose vy’umubiri ari bibi. Bamaze kugira iciyumviro c’uko umubiri wose ari mubi, bariyamirije ivy’ukwabirana n’ukurondoka, bivugisha ngo bikomoka kuri Shetani. Bamwebamwe muri bo bemera yuko ngo ibigize impwemu ari vyo vyiza gusa, ngo ivy’umuntu akoresha umubiri wiwe w’inyama nta co bitwaye. Kubona ibintu nk’ukwo vyatumye bagira ubuzima bukabije, kwaba ari ukubaho umuntu yibabaza canke ahaza ivyipfuzo vy’umubiri. Abaginositike bivugisha yuko ngo agakiza kava gusa ku buginositike nsigabwenge canke ku kwimenya uko uri, ntibahe ikibanza ukuri kw’Ijambo ry’Imana.

Abivuga ko ari abakirisu bavyifashemwo gute ku bijanye n’ingeramizi y’ubuginositike? Abagabo bamwebamwe bize, bariyamirije inyigisho zabwo z’ikinyoma mu gihe abandi na bo batwawe n’akosho kazo. Nk’akarorero, Irénée yaratanguye urugamba rwo kwiyamiriza inyigisho z’ubugumutsi rwamaze igihe kirekire. Yari yarigishijwe na Polycarpe, umugabo yari yabayeho mu gihe c’intumwa. Polycarpe yategeka kwumira rwose ku nyigisho za Yezu Kirisitu no ku z’intumwa ziwe. Ariko rero, naho Florinus umugenzi wa Irénée, yari yarigishijwe na we nyene na Polycarpe, amaherezo yaratwawe n’inyigisho za Valentin, indongozi ihambaye cane mu muhari w’abaginositike. Mu vy’ukuri, ivyo vyari ibihe bidurumbanye.

Ivyerekana uko ibintu vyari vyifashe muri ico gihe, ni ibitabu vyanditswe na Tasiyano, akaba yari umwanditsi azwi cane wo mu kinjana ca kabiri. Tasiyano yari umuntu ameze gute? Vyagenze gute ngo abe mu bavuga ko ari abakirisu? Kandi Tasiyano yifashe gute ku bijanye n’akosho k’ubuhakanyi bw’abaginositike? Inyishu ziwe zikwegera be n’akarorero ubwiwe yatanze biraronsa ivyigwa ngirakamaro abantu barondera ukuri muri iki gihe.

Asoma “ibitabu atamenyereye”

Tasiyano yari imvukira y’i Siriya. Ingendo nyinshi yagize hamwe n’ugusoma cane, vyatumye amenya rwose imico kama y’Abagiriki n’Abaroma yo mu gihe ciwe. Tasiyano yaje i Roma ari umushikirizansiguro w’ingenzi. Ariko rero, igihe yari i Roma, ivyiyumviro vyiwe vyarakeberejwe ku bukirisu. Yatanguye kwifatanya na Justin Martyr, kumbure aba umunyeshure wiwe.

Mu nkuru ivuga vyinshi yerekeye ukuntu yahindukiriye ubukirisu bwo kw’izina, Tasiyano avuga ati: “Nararondeye ukuntu nokwubura ukuri”. Mu kugira ico avuze ku vyo ubwiwe yiboneye igihe yasoma Ivyanditswe, agira ati: “Narasomye ibitabu bimwebimwe ntamenyereye vyari ivya kera cane ku buryo umuntu atari kubigereranya n’ivyiyumviro vy’Abagiriki, kandi vyavuga ivy’Imana ku buryo umuntu atari kubigereranya n’amakosa yari mu bitabu vyabo; kandi naciye numva ndavyizeye ndavye imvugo yavyo yoroshe, ukutagira uburyarya kw’abanditsi, ukuntu berekanye ko bari bazi imbere y’igihe ivyobaye muri kazoza be n’ukwemeza yuko intwaro y’ijuru n’isi ishingiye ku muntu umwe”.

Tasiyano ntiyagonanwe gusaba abo mu gihe ciwe gusuzuma ubukirisu bwo mu misi yiwe no kwihweza ukuntu bworoheje kandi butomoye, ugereranije n’umwiza w’ubupagani. Dushobora kwigira iki ku vyo yanditse?

Ibitabu vyiwe bihishura iki?

Ibitabu vya Tasiyano vyerekana ko yari umuntu arwanira ukwizera, umwanditsi yaburanira icese ivyo yizera. Yari umuntu akarira kandi arwanya filozofiya y’abapagani. Mu gitabu Tasiyano yanditse (Address to the Greeks), arashimika ku vy’uko ubupagani ata co bumaze no ku vy’uko ubukirisu bwo kw’izina bugira ibitegereka. Inyandiko akoresha irakaze cane igihe aserura ukuntu yanka uburyo Abagiriki bakora. Nk’akarorero, mu kuvuga umufilozofe Héraclite, agira ati: “Ariko rero, urupfu rwarerekanye ubujuju bw’uwo mugabo; kubera yuko naho yari yarize ivy’ubuganga be na filozofiya, igihe yarwara urusina yisize amase y’inka, ayo mase amaze kwuma aca arakanakana urukoba rw’umubiri wiwe wose ku buryo yamutabaguye rwose, bica bituma ahwera”.

Tasiyano yaraha agaciro cane ivy’ukwemera Imana imwe, Umuremyi w’ibintu vyose (Abaheburayo 3:4). Muri ca gitabu ciwe, Imana avuga ko ari “Impwemu” maze akagira ati: “Ni yo yonyene itagira intango, kandi ni yo yonyene yatanguje ibintu vyose” (Yohana 4:24; 1 Timoteyo 1:17). Mu kwiyamiriza ugukoresha ibishushanyo mu gusenga, Tasiyano yandika ati: “Novuga gute ko ibiti n’amabuye ari imana?” (1 Ab’i Korinto 10:14). Yaremera yuko Jambo, canke Logosi, ari we yabaye imfura mu vyo Data wo mw’ijuru yaremye be n’uko mu nyuma yakoreshejwe mw’iremwa ry’ibiri kw’isi no mw’ijuru (Yohana 1:1-3; Ab’i Kolosayi 1:13-17). Mu bijanye n’izuka riba mu gihe cashinzwe, Tasiyano avuga ati: “Turemera yuko hazoba izuka ry’imibiri hamaze kuba iherezo ry’ibintu vyose”. Ku bijanye n’igituma dupfa, Tasiyano yandika ati: “Ntitwari twaremewe gupfa, ariko dupfa kubera ikosa ryacu. Umwidegemvyo wacu wo kwihitiramwo ni wo watwishe, twebwe abari bidegemvya twacitse abaja; twaragurishijwe biciye ku caha”.

Insobanuro Tasiyano atanga ku vyerekeye ubugingo iravuruga ubwenge. Avuga ati: “Yemwe Bagiriki, ubugingo ubwabwo si ikintu kidahwera, ahubwo burahwera. Yamara birashoboka ko budapfa. Kukaba nkako, niba butazi ukuri, burapfa, bugasangukana n’umubiri, mugabo bukongera kuzukana n’umubiri ku muhero w’isi, bugahabwa igihano kidahera c’ugupfa”. Vy’ukuri, ico Tasiyano yashatse kwerekana mu kuvuga ayo majambo ntigitomoye. Kwoba kwari ukubera yuko, naho yumira ku nyigisho za Bibiliya zimwezimwe, yagerageza kandi kuguma anezereza abo mu gihe ciwe maze bigatuma avatiranya ukuri kwo mu Vyanditswe n’amafilozofiya ya gipagani?

Ikindi gitabu kizwi cane mu vyo Tasiyano yanditse ni icitwa Diatessaron, ni ukuvuga Ukunama rimwe kwa za Njili zine. Tasiyano ni we muntu wa mbere yahaye amashengero y’i Siriya Injili zine mu rurimi rwabo kavukire. Ico cari igitabu gisonerwa cane, kikaba cakoraniriza za Njili zine mu nkuru imwe yigana ivyabaye. Cakoreshwa n’idini y’Abasiriya.

Yoba yari umukirisu canke uwurwanya ubukirisu?

Umwihwezo witondewe w’ivyo Tasiyano yanditse uhishura yuko yari amenyereye Ivyanditswe kandi ko yabisonera cane. Ku vyerekeye akosho vyamugizeko, yandika ati: “Kuba umutunzi si vyo bindaje ishinga; sinja mu gisirikare; ndanka urunuka ubusambanyi; gukunda amaronko bitarimwo ugushira akanyota ntibituma nja kuba umukozi wo mu bwato; . . . Sintwarwa n’ivyo kuba rurangiranwa; . . . Izuba ni irya bose, urupfu rushikira bose, baba babayeho mu kudibama canke mu bworo”. Tasiyano akebura ati: “Ntiwifatanye n’isi, wanke ubusazi buri muri yo. Ubeho wisunga Imana, maze bivuye ku kuyitahura, uce wambura wa muntu wa kera”.​—Matayo 5:45; 1 Ab’i Korinto 6:18; 1 Timoteyo 6:10.

Ariko rero, rimbura igitabu ca Tasiyano kivuga ngo On Perfection According to the Doctrine of the Savior. Muri ico gitabu, ivy’ukwabirana avyitirira Shetani. Tasiyano ariyamiriza yivuye inyuma ivy’ukwabirana, mu kuvuga ngo abantu boba bariko bafatanya umubiri wabo n’isi ishira biciye kuri vyo.

Biboneka ko nko mu 166 G.C., inyuma y’urupfu rwa Justin Martyr, Tasiyano yoba yarashinze canke arifatanya n’akadumbi k’idini k’abantu bibabaza bitwa abankratite. Abari muri ako kadumbi bashimika ku kwigumya gukabije kandi umuntu akaganza umubiri wiwe. Bagira ivy’ukwibabaza bisaba ukwiyima umuvinyu, kutabirana no kutagira amatungo.

Icigwa tuhigira

Ni kubera iki Tasiyano yakebeje bigeze iyo hose akava ku Vyanditswe? Yoba yacitse ‘uwumva akibagira’ (Yakobo 1:23-25)? Tasiyano yoba yarananiwe no kwikunkumura imigani y’ibinyoma hanyuma agaca afatwa mu mutego wa filozofiya (Ab’i Kolosayi 2:8; 1 Timoteyo 4:7)? Kubera yuko amakosa yashigikiye yari menshi gutyo, umuntu yoba yokwibaza ko hari ukuntu yoba yari afise ingorane yo mu mutwe?

Ukwo vyoba vyaragenze kwose, ibitabu vya Tasiyano be n’akarorero kiwe biratuma umuntu abona gatoyi uko ivy’idini vyo mu gihe ciwe vyari vyifashe. Birerekana ukuntu filozofiya y’isi ishobora kugira akosho konona. Ese twoshira ku mutima imburizi y’intumwa Paulo idusaba kwirinda ‘amajambo ata co amaze ahumanya n’ukwivuguruza kw’ivyitwa ubwenge atari bwo’!​—1 Timoteyo 6:20.