Guhamwa kubera ukugororoka

“Hahirwa abahamwa bahōrwa ukugororoka”.​—MATAYO 5:10.

1. Ni kubera iki Yezu yari imbere ya Ponsiyo Pilato, kandi Yezu yavuze iki?

“IKI ni co navukiye, kand’iki ni co canzanye mw isi, n’ukugira ngo nshingire intahe ukuri” (Yohana 18:37). Igihe Yezu yavuga ayo majambo, yari imbere ya Ponsiyo Pilato, Buramatari w’Umuroma yatwara i Yudaya. Yezu ntiyari ahari kubera ugushaka kwiwe canke kubera yatumiwe na Pilato. Ahubwo yari ngaho kubera yuko indongozi z’idini y’Abayuda zari zamwagirije ibinyoma ngo ni inkozi y’ikibi ikwiriye kwicwa.​—Yohana 18:29-31.

2. Ni ibiki Yezu yakoze, biraheza bimushikana ku ki?

² Yezu yari azi neza yuko Pilato yari afise ububasha bwo kumurekura canke bwo kumwica (Yohana 19:10). Ariko ivyo ntivyatumye areka kubwira ivy’Ubwami Pilato ashize amanga. Naho ubuzima bwa Yezu bwari mu kaga, yaraboneyeho akaryo ko gushinga intahe ku mutegetsi wo mu vy’intwaro ahambaye kuruta abandi bose muri ako karere. Naho Yezu yashinze iyo ntahe, yaraciriwe rubi yongera aricwa, apfa urupfu rubabaje bwa mumaratiri, ku giti co kubabarizwako.​—Matayo 27:24-26; Mariko 15:15; Luka 23:24, 25; Yohana 19:13-16.

Icabona canke umumaratiri?

3. Ijambo “umumaratiri” ryasobanura iki mu bihe vya Bibiliya, mugabo ni insobanuro iyihe rifise muri kino gihe?

³ Ku bantu benshi muri iki gihe, umumaratiri ni nk’aho ari umuntu w’ishaka rirenze canke w’intagondwa. Abemera gupfa bahorwa ivyo bizera, canecane ivyo bizera bijanye n’idini, bakunda kwikekwa ko ari bagaterabwoba canke n’imiburiburi ko bageramiye ikibano. Ariko rero, ijambo umumaratiri rivuye mw’ijambo ry’ikigiriki (marʹtys) mu bihe vya Bibiliya ryasobanura “icabona”, ni ukuvuga umuntu ashinga intahe, kumbure muri sentare, canke agashingira intahe ukuri kw’ivyo yemera. Mu nyuma, ni ho gusa iyo mvugo yahavuye isobanura “umuntu atanga ubuzima bwiwe kubera ugushinga intahe”, canke mbere umuntu ashinga intahe mu gutanga ubuzima bwiwe.

4. Ni mu buryo ubuhe ahanini Yezu yari umumaratiri?

⁴ Yezu yari umumaratiri ahanini mu nsobanuro iryo jambo ryari rifise mu ntango. Nk’uko yabibwiye Pilato, yaje ‘gushingira intahe ukuri’. Ugushinga intahe kwiwe kwatumye abantu bagira inyifato zitandukanye cane. Bamwebamwe mu bantu basanzwe barakozwe ku mutima cane n’ivyo bumvise be n’ivyo babonye, maze barizera Yezu (Yohana 2:23; 8:30). Amasinzi y’abantu muri rusangi, canecane indongozi z’idini, na bo nyene bavyakiriye mu buryo bukomeye, ariko atari bwiza. Yezu yabwiye incuti ziwe zitamwizera ati: “Ab’isi ntibabanka, ariko jewe baranyanka, kuko mbavugira ibikorwa vyabo kw ari bibi” (Yohana 7:7). Ugushingira intahe ukuri, kwatumye Yezu arakirwa n’indongozi z’iryo hanga, bikaba vyamushikanye ku kwicwa. Kukaba nkako, yari “icabona (marʹtys) co kwizigirwa kandi c’ukuri”.​—Ivyahishuriwe 3:14.

‘Muzoba abanswe na bose’

5. Mu ntango y’ubusuku bwiwe, ni igiki Yezu yavuze ku bijanye n’uruhamo?

⁵ Yezu si we wenyene yashikiwe n’uruhamo rukaze, mugabo yaraburiye kandi abayoboke biwe yuko na bo nyene rwobashikiye. Mu ntango y’ubusuku bwiwe, Yezu yabwiye abamwumviriza muri ya Nsiguro yiwe yo ku Musozi ati: “Hahirwa abahamwa bahōrwa ukugororoka, kuk’ubgami bgo mw ijuru ar’ubgabo. Namwe muzoba muhiriwe aho bazobatuka bakabahama bakabarementaniriza ibibi vyose babampōye. Munezerwe, muhimbarwe, kukw impēra zanyu ari nyinshi mw ijuru”.​—Matayo 5:10-12.

6. Ni imburizi iyihe Yezu yatanze igihe yariko ararungika za ntumwa ziwe 12?

⁶ Mu nyuma, igihe Yezu yariko ararungika za ntumwa ziwe 12, yazibwiye ati: “Mwirinde abantu. Bazobashengerana mu manza, babatonagurire mu masinagogi yabo. Bazobajana imbere y’abaganza n’abami babampōra, muzoba ikimenyetso kibabere icabona, bo n’abanyamahanga”. Mugabo, abakuru b’idini si bo bonyene bohamye abigishwa. Yezu yavuze kandi ati: “Umuntu azoshengerana uwo bavukana ngo bamwice, na se w’umwana azomushengerana, n’abana bazogābagābira abavyeyi babicishe. Muzoba mwanswe na bose babahōra izina ryanje; arik’uwihangana agashitsa [kw’]iherezo ni we azokira” (Matayo 10:17, 18, 21, 22). Kahise k’abakirisu bo mu kinjana ca mbere, ni ikimenyamenya c’uko ayo majambo ari ay’ukuri.

Inkuru ivuga ukwihangana kuranga ubwizerwe

7. Ni ibiki vyatumye Sitefano aba umumaratiri?

⁷ Gatoyi inyuma y’urupfu rwa Yezu, Sitefano ni we yabaye umukirisu wa mbere mu gupfa ahorwa ugushingira intahe ukuri. Yari “yuzuye ubuntu bg’Imana n’ubushobozi, yakora mu bantu ibitangaza n’ibimenyetso bikomeye”. Abansi biwe b’abanyedini “ntibashobora gutsinda ubgenge n[’im]pwemu bimuvugisha” (Ivyakozwe 6:8, 10). N’inzigo n’akantu, barakwegeye Sitefano imbere y’Abanyekombe ari yo Sentare nkuru y’Abayuda, aho yahanganye na bene kumwagiriza ibinyoma akongera agashinga intahe ikomeye. Ariko rero, abansi ba Sitefano bahavuye bica ico cabona w’umwizerwa.​—Ivyakozwe 7:59, 60.

8. Abigishwa b’i Yeruzalemu bavyifashemwo gute igihe bashikirwa n’uruhamo inyuma y’urupfu rwa Sitefano?

⁸ Sitefano amaze kugandagurwa, ‘barahamye cane ishengero ry’i Yeruzalemu: bose barasabagira mu bihugu vy’i Yudaya n’i Samariya, ukuyemwo intumwa gusa’ (Ivyakozwe 8:1). Uruhamo rwoba rwatumye abakirisu bahagarika gushinga intahe? Eka da! Ahubwo iyo nkuru itubwira yuko “abāsābagiye bagendagenda bavuga ijambo ry’Imana” (Ivyakozwe 8:4). Bategerezwa kuba biyumvisemwo nk’uko intumwa Petero yiyumvise igihe imbere y’aho yavuga ati: “Igikwiye n’ukwumvira Imana kuyirutisha abantu” (Ivyakozwe 5:29). Naho hari uruhamo, abo bigishwa b’abizerwa kandi b’umutima rugabo barumiye kuri ico gikorwa c’ugushingira intahe ukuri, naho bari bazi yuko vyotumye bagira ingorane nyinshi.​—Ivyakozwe 11:19-21.

9. Ni uruhamo rumeze gute rwabandanije gushikira abayoboke ba Yezu?

⁹ Nkako, amagume ntiyatezuye. Ubwa mbere, tubwirwa yuko Sauli, wa mugabo yarorera akokeza ukwicishwa amabuye kwa Sitefano, yari “akigenda afuhagira, afitiye abigishwa b’Umwami imihigo n’ubgicanyi, aja ku muherezi mukuru, amusaba ivyete vyo guha ab’amasinagogi y’i Damasiko, kugira ngo ni yabona abantu bakurikira inzira ya Yesu, ar’abagabo cank’abagore, abajane i Yerusalemu mu ngoyi” (Ivyakozwe 9:1, 2). Ubukurikira, nko mu mwaka wa 44 G.C., “Herode [yarataye] mu maboko bamwe bo mw ishengero ngw abagirire nabi. Yicisha inkota Yakobo mwene nyina wa Yohana”.​—Ivyakozwe 12:1, 2.

10. Ni inkuru izihe zivuga ivy’uruhamo dusanga mu Vyakozwe no mu Vyahishuriwe?

¹⁰ Ibigabane bisigaye vy’igitabu c’Ivyakozwe birimwo inkuru y’intibagirwa ivuga ibigeragezo, ugupfungwa, be n’uruhamo vyihanganiwe n’abizerwa bameze nka Paulo, umwe yahora abahama hanyuma agahindukira akaba intumwa, bishoboka ko yishwe rumaratiri bitegetswe n’Umwami w’abami w’Umuroma Nero nko mu 65 G.C. (2 Ab’i Korinto 11:23-27; 2 Timoteyo 4:6-8). Amaherezo, mu gitabu c’Ivyahishuriwe, icanditswe amaja mu mpera z’ikinjana ca mbere, turabona yuko intumwa Yohani yari ageze mu zabukuru yapfungiwe mw’izinga Patimo bapfungiramwo abantu mu buryo bwo kubahana, ‘ahorwa kuvuga ivyerekeye Imana no gushingira intahe Yezu’. Igitabu c’Ivyahishuriwe kirimwo kandi ahavuga ngo “Antipa, icabona canje, n’umugororotsi wanje, yiciwe” i Perugamo.​—Ivyahishuriwe 1:9; 2:13.

11. Ingendo y’abakirisu bo mu ntango yagaragaje gute ko amajambo ya Yezu yerekeye uruhamo ari ay’ukuri?

¹¹ Abo bose baragaragaje ko aya majambo Yezu yabwiye abigishwa biwe ari ay’ukuri: “Namba bārampamye, namwe bazobahama” (Yohana 15:20). Abakirisu b’abizerwa bo mu ntango bari biteguriye guhangana n’ikigeragezo kirengeye ibindi, ni ukuvuga gupfa bivuye ku gutotezwa, ku gutererwa inyamaswa, canke bivuye ku bundi buryo ubwo ari bwo bwose, kugira ngo barangure igikorwa bashinzwe n’Umukama Yezu Kirisitu ari co c’iki: “Muzoba ivyabona vyo kunshingira intahe i Yerusalemu, n’i Yudaya hose, n’i Samariya, no gushitsa ku mpera y’isi”.​—Ivyakozwe 1:8.

12. Ni kubera iki uguhamwa kw’abakirisu atari ikintu cabaye muri kahise gusa?

¹² Hamwe umuntu yokwiyumvira yuko mwene ukwo gufatwa bunyamaswa kw’abayoboke ba Yezu kwabaye gusa muri kahise, yoba yihenze rwose. Paulo, umwe nk’uko twabibonye yihanganira amagume atari make, yanditse ati: “Abagomba bose kugenda bubaha Imana bari muri Kristo Yesu, bazohamwa” (2 Timoteyo 3:12). Ku bijanye n’uruhamo, Petero yavuze ati: “Ivyo ni vyo mwahamagariwe, kuko na Kristo yabababarijwe, akabasigarana icitegererezo, kugira ngo mugere ikirenge mu ciwe” (1 Petero 2:21). Kuva ico gihe gushika muri ino “misi y’iherezo” y’uru runkwekwe rw’ibintu, abasavyi ba Yehova barabandanya kwankwa no kurwanywa (2 Timoteyo 3:1). Hose kw’isi, mu bihugu birimwo intwaro zitwaza igitugu be no mu biri mu ntwaro ya demokarasi, Ivyabona vya Yehova rimwe na rimwe barashikiwe n’uruhamo, umuntu umwumwe ukwiwe canke bose ata wuvuyemwo.

Ni kubera iki bankwa kandi bagahamwa?

13. Ni igiki abasavyi ba Yehova bo mu gihe ca none bakwiye kugumiza mu muzirikanyi ku bijanye n’uruhamo?

¹³ Naho abenshi muri twebwe basa n’abafise umwidegemvyo wo kwamamaza no gukoranira hamwe mu mahoro, dutegerezwa kugumiza ku mutima icibutswa co muri Bibiliya kivuga yuko “ukw isi imeze uku, kugenda gu[hinduk]a” (1 Ab’i Korinto 7:31). Ibintu birashobora guhinduka bukwi na bukwi ku buryo, tudasanzwe twiteguye mu bwenge, mu mutima no mu vy’impwemu, dushobora gutsitara bitagoranye. Ni igiki none dushobora gukora kugira twikingire? Uburyo bukomeye cane bwo kwikingira, ni ukuguma tuzi neza mu muzirikanyi igituma abakirisu bakunda amahoro kandi bumira ku mategeko, bankwa kandi bagahamwa.

14. Petero yavuze ko ari imvo iyihe yatumye abakirisu bahamwa?

¹⁴ Intumwa Petero yaragize ico avuga kuri ivyo mw’ikete ryiwe rya mbere, iryo yanditse nko mu 62-64 G.C., igihe abakirisu bo mu Nganji y’Abaroma yose bariko bashikirwa n’ibigeragezo be n’uruhamo. Yavuze ati: “Abo nkunda, umuriro uri hagati yanyu wo kubagerageza ntukabatangaze, nk’aho mubonye akatābonetse”. Kugira Petero asigure ivyo yari afise mu muzirikanyi, yabandanije ati: “Ntihakagire umuntu wo muri mwebge ahōrwa kuba umwicanyi canke kuba igisuma canke kuba inkozi y’ikibi canke kwita mu vyo atagezwemwo. Ariko ni hāgira ūhōrwa kuba Umukristo, yoye kumāramāra, arikw aheshe Imana icubahiro kubg’iryo zina”. Petero yarerekanye yuko abariko baracumukura, batariko bacumukura kubera ibibi bakoze, ariko bariko bacumukura kubera ari abakirisu. Iyo baza kwivobeka mu “birenze urugero vy’ubuhumbu” nk’uko vyagirwa n’abantu bari babakikuje, bari kubaha ikaze kandi bakabakiriza yompi. Ahubwo riho, bacumukuye kubera bihatira gushitsa uruhara rwabo rwo kuba abayoboke ba Kirisitu. Ivyo ni ko biri no ku bakirisu b’ukuri muri iki gihe.​—1 Petero 4:4, 12, 15, 16.

15. Ni ikintu kitumvikana ikihe tubona uravye ukuntu Ivyabona vya Yehova bafatwa muri iki gihe?

¹⁵ Mu mihingo myinshi yo kw’isi, Ivyabona vya Yehova barashimagizwa n’abantu kubera ubumwe be n’ugusenyera ku mugozi umwe bagaragaza ku mahwaniro yabo no mu maporoje y’ubwubatsi yabo, kubera agatima nziraburyarya be n’umwete bagaragaza, kubera akarorero keza batanga mu vy’inyifato runtu be no mu buzima bwabo bwo mu rugo, eka mbere no kubera ukuntu baboneka be n’ukuntu bifata imbere y’abandia. Naho ari ukwo, igikorwa cabo ubu (ni ukuvuga igihe iki kiganiro cariko kirandikwa) kirabujijwe mu bihugu bitari munsi ya 28, kandi abatari bake mu Vyabona barakorerwa amabi bakongera bagatakaza ivyo batunze bahorwa ukwizera kwabo. Kubera iki bigenda gutyo kandi bazwi ko bafise inyifato y’akarorero? Kandi, ni kubera iki Imana ireka ivyo bikaba?

16. Ni imvo nyamukuru iyihe ituma Imana ireka abasavyi bayo bagashikirwa n’uruhamo?

¹⁶ Imbere ya vyose, dukwiye kugumiza mu muzirikanyi aya majambo yo mu Migani 27:11 agira ati: “Mwana wanje, uce ubgenge, unezereze umutima wanje, kugira ngo ngire ico nishura uwontuka”. Egome, ivyo ni kubera ca kibazo kimaze igihe kirekire cerekeye uwukwiye kuba segaba w’isi n’ijuru. Naho hatanzwe ibimenyamenya umuyoro n’aberekanye ko ari intadohoka kuri Yehova mu binjana n’ibindi, Shetani ntiyahagaritse gutuka Yehova nk’uko yabigize mu gihe ca wa mugabo w’umugororotsi Yobu (Yobu 1:9-11; 2:4, 5). Nta gukeka ko Shetani asigaye mbere yasaze mu kigoro kiwe ka nyuma ko gutanga ikimenyamenya c’ivyo yirariye avuga, ubu Ubwami bw’Imana bushinze imizi, bufise abatwarwa b’intahemuka be n’ababuserukira hirya no hino kw’isi. Abo boba bazoguma ari abizerwa ku Mana naho boshikirwa n’ivyago be n’amarushwa bimeze gute? Ico ni ikibazo umusavyi wa Yehova wese ategerezwa kwishura ku giti ciwe.​—Ivyahishuriwe 12:12, 17.

17. Yezu yashaka kuvuga iki igihe yavuga ngo ‘bizobaviramwo ugushinga intahe’?

¹⁷ Mu kubwira abigishwa biwe ibijanye n’ibintu vyobaye mu gihe “c’insozero ry’urunkwekwe rw’ibintu” (NW), Yezu yarerekanye iyindi mvo ituma Yehova areka abasavyi biwe bagashikirwa n’uruhamo. Yababwiye ati: ‘Bazobashengeza ku bami no ku baganza, babahora izina ryanje: bizobaviramwo ugushinga intahe’ (Matayo 24:3, 9; Luka 21:12, 13). Yezu ubwiwe yarashinze intahe imbere ya Herode na Ponsiyo Pilato. N’intumwa Paulo na we nyene ‘yarashengejwe ku bami no ku baganza’. Paulo, ategetswe n’Umukama Yezu Kirisitu, yararondeye gushinga intahe ku mutegetsi akomeye kuruta abandi bose bo muri ico gihe, hamwe yavuga ati: “Nzokwitwara kuri Kayisari” (Ivyakozwe 23:11; 25:8-12). No muri iki gihe, ibintu bitoroshe akenshi vyaratanze akaryo keza ko gushinga intahe ku bategetsi be no ku bantu muri rusangib.

18, 19. (a) Kwihanganira ibigeragezo bizotwungura gute? (b) Ni ibibazo ibihe tugiye kurimbura mu kiganiro gikurikira?

¹⁸ Amaherezo, kwihanganira ibigeragezo be n’amarushwa birashobora kutwungura ubwacu. Mu buhe buryo? Umwigishwa Yakobo yibukije abakirisu bagenziwe ati: “Mwiyumvire kw ar’ivyo kunezererwa rwose, bene Data, ni mwagwa mu bibagerageza bitari bimwe, mumenye yukw ibigeza ukwizera kwanyu bitera ukwihangana”. Vyemere, uruhamo rurashobora gukuramwo inkamba ukwizera kwacu rukongera rugakomeza ukwihangana kwacu. Ku bw’ivyo, ntitugira ubwoba burenze bwo guhangana na rwo, eka mbere ntiturondera uburyo budashingiye ku Vyanditswe bwo kuruhunga canke kururangiza. Ahubwo, turumvira inkeburo ya Yakobo ivuga iti: “Ukwihangana gukwiye guhīngūra igikorwa cakwo, ngo mubone gutungana rwose muhīngūwe, mudahajije na kamwe”.​—Yakobo 1:2-4.

¹⁹ Naho Ijambo ry’Imana ridufasha gutahura igituma abasavyi b’Imana b’abizerwa bahamwa be n’igituma Yehova abireka, si ngombwa ngo ivyo bitume uruhamo ruba urworoshe kwihanganira. Ni igiki gishobora kudukomeza kugira turwihanganire? Ni igiki dushobora gukora igihe turi mu ruhamo? Turarimbura ivyo bintu bihambaye mu kiganiro gikurikira.

[Utujambo tw’epfo]

Woshobora kubisigura?

• Ni mu buryo ubuhe ahanini Yezu yari umumaratiri?

• Ni ingaruka iyihe uruhamo rwagize ku bakirisu bo mu kinjana ca mbere?

• Nk’uko Petero yabisiguye, ni kubera iki abakirisu bo mu ntango bahamwa?

• Ni imvo izihe zituma Yehova areka abasavyi biwe bagashikirwa n’uruhamo?

[Amafoto ku rup. 10, 11]

Abakirisu bo mu kinjana ca mbere baracumukuye, bitavuye ku gukora nabi ukwo ari kwo kwose, ariko bivuye ku kuba bari abakirisu

PAULO

YOHANI

ANTIPA

YAKOBO

SITEFANO