Umuntu w’intwari “yaguma ari ku nzira ku bw’injili”
BIVUGWA yuko George Borrow ku myaka 18 y’amavuka, yari azi indimi 12. Haciye imyaka ibiri, yarashoboye guhindura “ata ngorane kandi mu buryo bunoboye” indimi 20 zitandukanye.
Mu 1833 uwo mugabo yari yarironkeye ingabirano bimwe bidasanzwe yaratumiwe ngo agiranire ikiganiro n’Ishirahamwe ry’ivya Bibiliya ry’Abongereza n’Abanyamahanga i Londres, mu Bwongereza. Kubera ko atari ashoboye kwirihira urugendo, mugabo akaba yari yiyemeje kutagisha ako karyo gashimishije, Borrow, uwari afise imyaka 30 y’amavuka, yagize urugendo rw’ibilometero 180 n’amaguru kuva aho yaba i Norwich, arugira mu masaha 28 gusa.
Iryo shirahamwe ry’ivya Bibiliya ryamusavye gukora igikorwa kitoroshe, na co kikaba cari ic’uko mu mezi atandatu yiga ururimi rw’ikimancu rwakoreshwa mu mihingo imwimwe y’Ubushinwa. Yabasavye igitabu c’indimburo, mugabo nta kindi bamuhaye atari ikopi y’Injili ya Matayo mu rurimi rw’ikimancu, be n’inyizamvugo y’ikimancu n’igifaransa. Yamara, mu ndwi 19 yararungitse ikete i Londres ryavuga ngo “Ndamaze kumenya ururimi rw’ikimancu”, avuga ko ‘yabifashijwemwo n’Imana’. Ivyo yashitseko mbere vyari bihambaye kuruta kubera yuko muri ico gihe nyene, bivugwa ko yariko akosora Injili ya Luka mu rurimi rw’ikinahuwatali, rukaba ari rumwe mu ndimi kavukire zivugwa muri Megizike.
Bibiliya mu rurimi rw’ikimancu
Mu kinjana ca 17, igihe ururimi rw’ikimancu rwaboneka ari bwo bwa mbere mu nyandiko, hakoreshejwe indome zikuwe mu rutonde rw’indome zigize ururimi rwitwa Uighur rwo muri Mongolie, nya rurimi rw’ikimancu rwarabaye ururimi rukoreshwa mu nzego za Leta y’Ubushinwa. Naho mu nyuma ikoreshwa ryarwo ryagabanutse, abagize rya Shirahamwe ry’ivya Bibiliya ry’Abongereza n’Abanyamahanga bari bashashaye gucapura no gukwiragiza Bibiliya zo mu rurimi rw’ikimancu. Mu mwaka wa 1822 bari bamaze gushigikira mu vy’amahera isohorwa ry’amakopi 550 y’Injili ya Matayo, yahinduwe na Stepan V. Lipoftsoff. Yari umwe mu bagize Ibiro vy’Uburusiya bijejwe imigenderanire n’ibindi bihugu akaba yari yarabaye mu Bushinwa imyaka 20. Iyo Njili yacapuriwe i St. Petersburg, mugabo hamaze gutangwa amakopi makeyi gusa, ayasigaye yononekariye mu mwuzure.
Bidatevye, haciye hakurikira impinduro y’Ivyanditswe vy’ikigiriki vya gikirisu vyose uko bingana. Mu 1834 iyuburwa ry’igisomwa ca kera c’igice kinini c’Ivyanditswe vy’igiheburayo ryatumye abantu barushiriza kwitwararika Bibiliya. None ni nde yari guhagarikira ibikorwa vyo gusubiramwo ya Bibiliya yo mu rurimi rw’ikimancu yari ihasanzwe akongera agaheraheza igice cari gisigaye guhindurwa? Rya Shirahamwe ry’ivya Bibiliya ry’Abongereza n’Abanyamahanga ryaciye rirungika Borrow kugira ngo abakorere ico gikorwa.
Aja mu Burusiya
Borrow amaze gushika i St. Petersburg, yarijukiye kwiga yivuye inyuma ururimi rw’ikimancu kugira ngo bimushoboze gusuzuma no kwandika igisomwa ca Bibiliya mu buryo burushirije kutagiramwo agakosa. Naho vyari ukwo, ico gikorwa casaba akigoro katoroshe, akaba yarakora amasaha ashika kuri 13 ku musi ariko arafasha mu bijanye no gutunganya indome zari gukoreshwa mw’Isezerano Rishasha, iryahavuye ridondorwa ko ari “impinduro y’akaroruhore yerekana igikorwa co mu Buseruko”. Amakopi igihumbi yaracapuwe mu 1835. Mugabo umugambi Borrow yari ashashaye gushitsa wo kujana ayo makopi mu Bushinwa maze akayakwiragiza ngaho waragize ikiwutangira. Kubera ko intwaro y’Uburusiya yatinya ko ivyo vyari kubonwa nk’igikorwa c’ubumisiyonari giteye akaga cari gushobora guhungabanya ubucuti bwiza bari bafitaniye n’ico gihugu kibanyi, yarankiye Borrow kujabuka urubibe rw’Ubushinwa aramutse atwaye “Bibiliya n’imwe yo mu rurimi rw’ikimancu”.
Haciye imyaka nka cumi, harakwiragijwe amakopi makeyi, hanyuma impinduro z’Injili ya Matayo n’iya Mariko, izari zirimwo igisomwa mu rurimi rw’ikimancu n’ico mu rurimi rw’igishinwa vyagenda bibangabanganywe, zirasohoka mu 1859. Ariko rero, ico gihe abantu benshi bari bazi gusoma ikimancu wasanga bahitamwo gusoma igishinwa, maze ikizigizigi co kuronka Bibiliya y’ikimancu yuzuye gitangura kuyama. Mu bisanzwe, ururimi rw’ikimancu rwariko rurazimangana, rukaba rwagira rusubirirwe n’igishinwa. Rwahavuye rusubirirwa n’igishinwa neza na neza mu 1912 igihe Ubushinwa bwacika repubulika.
Agace k’isi gakikijwe n’amazi kitwa Iberiya
George Borrow akomejwe n’ivyo yari yarashitseko, yarasubiye i Londres. Mu 1835 yararungitswe gukorera muri Porotigali no muri Esupanye, “kugira ngo arabe aho imizirikanyi y’abantu yari igeze mu kwitegurira kwakira ukuri gushikirizwa n’ubukirisu”, nk’uko yabivuze mu nyuma. Muri ico gihe ivyo bihugu vyompi ahanini ntivyari bwakorerwemwo na rya Shirahamwe ry’ivya Bibiliya ry’Abongereza n’Abanyamahanga kubera uruhagarara rw’ivya politike n’ivy’imibano rwari rukwiragiye hose. Borrow yarahimbarwa no kugiranira ibiyago vyerekeye Bibiliya n’abantu bo mu bibano vyo hagati muri Porotigali, mugabo haciye igihe gito, ukutanegwa ivy’idini yasanze muri ico gihugu kwatumye aja muri Esupanye.
Mu gihugu ca Esupanye ibintu vyari vyifashe ukundi, na canecane bitumwe n’abantu bitwa abagitane abo Borrow atatevye kugiranira na bo ubucuti bukomeye kubera yari azi ururimi rwabo. Haciye igihe gito ashitse, yaciye atangura guhindura “Isezerano Rishasha” mu rurimi rw’ikigitane co muri Esupanye. Ku bice bimwebimwe vy’ico gikorwa, yarasavye abakenyezi babiri b’abagitane ngo bamufashe. Yarabasomera impinduro y’igisupanyoli maze akabasaba ngo bamuhindurire. Muri ubwo buryo, yarashoboye kwiga ikoreshwa nyaryo ry’imvugo ncakagani z’abagitane. Ico ako kigoro kavuyemwo ni uko Injili ya Luka yasohowe mu gatasi ko mu 1838, ivyo bikaba vyatumye umusenyeri umwe yiha akamo ati: “Erega azohindura Esupanye yose biciye ku rurimi rw’ikigitane”.
George Borrow yari yarahawe uburenganzira bwo kurondera “umuntu abishoboye kugira ngo ahindure Ivyanditswe mu rurimi rw’ikibasike”. Ico gikorwa cahawe Dogoteri Oteiza, umuganga “yari azi urwo rurimirimi bimwe bishika kure, urwo jewe ubwanje mfiseko ubumenyi bukeyi”, ivyo bikaba vyanditswe na Borrow. Mu 1838, Injili ya Luka ni yo yabaye igitabu ca mbere ca Bibiliya kiri mu rurimi rw’ikibasike co muri Esupanye.
Kubera ko Barrow yari ashashaye kumurikira abantu basanzwe, yaragize ingendo ndende, akenshi zikaba ari ingendo zarimwo akaga, kugira ngo akwiragize ibitabu vya Bibiliya mu bakene bo hagati mu gihugu. Yipfuza kubakura mu kutamenya guterwa n’idini be no mu vy’ukwemera ibintazi kwarangwa muri ryo. Mu kwerekana yuko indulujensiya bariko baragura ata co zari zimaze, yarashobora nko kubaza ati: “Vyoba bishoboka ko Imana imeze neza yokwemera igurishwa ry’icaha?”. Mugabo rya Shirahamwe ry’ivya Bibiliya, kubera ryatinye yuko ico gikorwa co kuvuguruza inyigisho z’abandi cohava gishikana kw’ibuzwa ry’ibikorwa vyaryo, ryamutegetse kwibanda gusa ku gukwiragiza Ivyanditswe.
Borrow yararonse uburenganzira bwo ku munwa bwo gucapura Isezerano rishasha ryo mu gisupanyoli ari ryo El Nuevo Testamento, ritarimwo inyigisho za Ekeleziya gatolika ya Roma. Ubwo burenganzira yaraburonse naho umushikiranganji wa mbere yabanje kumurwanya, uno akaba yari yadondoye ko iyo mpinduro ari “igitabu [giteye akaga kandi] kitabereye”. Mu nyuma Borrow yaruguruye depo y’ibitabu i Madrid kugira ngo agurishe iryo Sezerano Rishasha ryo mu gisupanyoli, ivyo bikaba vyatumye agiriranira amatati n’indongozi z’idini be n’abategetsi bo muri ico gihugu. Yarapfunzwe imisi 12. Igihe Borrow yiyamiriza ipfungwa ryiwe, yasabwe kuva muri ico gihugu anyombanyomba. Kubera ko yari azi neza yuko ipfungwa ryiwe ryari riteye kubiri n’amategeko, yaratanze akarorero k’intumwa Paulo maze ahitamwo kuguma mw’ibohero gushika yambitswe izera nk’uko bibereye, ata ceyi gisizwe izina ryiwe.—Ivyakozwe 16:37.
Igihe iyo ntumwa y’umunyamwete ya rya Shirahamwe ry’ivya Bibiliya yava muri Esupanye mu 1840, iryo Shirahamwe ryatanze raporo igira iti: “Amakopi y’Ivyanditswe ashika nka 14.000 yarakwiragijwe muri Esupanye muri iyi myaka itanu iheze”. Kubera ko Borrow yari yagize uruhara runini muri ivyo, yavuze mu ncamake ivyo yakoze muri Esupanye yuko yabaye “imyaka irangwa agahimbare kuruta iyindi yose y’ukubaho kw[iw]e”.
Igitabu Bibiliya mu gisupanyoli (mu congereza), icasohowe ari bwo bwa mbere mu 1842 n’ubu kikaba kikibandanya gusohoka, ni inkuru y’igishika yigana ivya Gerge Borrow ubwiwe, ivy’ingendo yagiye aragira be n’ivyo yagiye aracamwo. Muri ico gitabu caciye gikundwa, yiyise umuntu “yaguma ari ku nzira ku bw’Injili”. Yanditse ati: “Nashaka kugendera imihingo itazwi kandi ya kure mu mirambi n’imisozi igoye gushikamwo no kuganiriza abantu baho mu buryo bwanje, ku vyerekeye Kirisitu”.
Mu gukwiragiza Ivyanditswe no kubihindura mu zindi ndimi abigiranye igishika nk’ico, George Borrow yarashingiye abandi umushinge, ako kakaba vy’ukuri kari agateka ntangere.
[Ikarata ku rup. 29]
(Ushaka igisomwa cose, raba ico gitabu)
Utwigoro George Borrow yagize mu guhindura no mu gukwiragiza Bibiliya twamukuye (1) mu Bwongereza tumujana (2) mu Burusiya, (3) muri Porotigali, (4) no muri Esupanye
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Mountain High Maps® Copyright © 1997 Digital Wisdom, Inc.
[Ifoto ku rup. 28]
Amajambo atangura y’Injili ya Yohani mu rurimi rw’ikimancu, yacapuwe mu 1835, uyasoma uva hejuru umanuka, uhereye ibubamfu werekeza iburyo
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Yakuwe mu gitabu The Bible of Every Land, co mu 1860
[Abo dukesha ifoto ku rup. 27]
Vyakuwe mu gitabu The Life of George Borrow c’uwitwa Clement K. Shorter, mu 1919