Ibiriho vyoba vyapfuye kubaho atawubishizeho?

HARACIYE hafi imyaka 150 uwitwa Charles Darwin atanze iciyumviro c’uko ngo mu bidukikije ibinyabuzima bidakomeye bigenda birahona hagasigara ibikomeye kuruta, ari co gituma mu bidukikije hasigara ubwoko bwinshi bw’ibinyabuzima yamara bikorana neza. Ariko rero, inyigisho yiwe y’uko ngo ibiriho vyabayeho bivuye kw’ihindagurika hamwe n’ivyagiye birahindurwa ku bijanye n’iyo nyigisho mu gihe ca none, biherutse kwiyamirizwa n’abemera yuko ukuba utunyabuzima dutunganijwe mu buryo bwiza igitangaza kandi bwitondewe, vyerekana ko hariho intumbero yinaka yatumye utwo tunyabuzima tubaho. Mbere n’abanyasiyansi ba rurangiranwa batari bake ntibemera iciyumviro c’uko ngo ubwoko bwinshi bw’ibinyabuzima tubona ngaha kw’isi bwabayeho biciye kw’ihindagurika.

Bamwe mu banyasiyansi bene abo batanga iciyumviro gihushanye n’ico, bakavuga ko ibiriho vyashizweho hakoreshejwe ubwenge, bemeza yuko uburyo ivyaremwe bitunganijwe bushigikiwe cane n’icigwa kijanye n’ibinyabuzima (ico bita biologie), icigwa c’ibiharuro be n’ivyo abantu biyumvira muri rusangi. Abo banyasiyansi barahimiriza amashure ngo ashire ico ciyumviro mu vyigwa bitangwa. Icitwa ngo ni intambara y’ivy’ihindagurika kiriko kirabica bigacika na canecane muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, ariko kandi ikintu nk’ico kiravugwa mu Buholande, mu Bwongereza, muri Pakisitani, muri Serebiya no muri Turukiya.

Hariho ikintu cirengagizwa mu buryo budatahurika

Ariko rero, akenshi usanga hariho ikintu cibonekeza abatanga ivyiyumviro vyitondewe birengagiza mu gushigikira iciyumviro c’uko ibiriho vyashizweho hakoreshejwe ubwenge, ico kintu kikaba ari uko batigera bacisha mu kanwa ko hariho uwabishizeho. Woba wemera yuko ibiriho vyapfuye kubaho atawubishizeho? Ikinyamakuru kimwe (The New York Times Magazine) cavuze yuko abashigikira iciyumviro c’uko ibiriho vyashizweho hakoreshejwe ubwenge, “baterekana mu buryo butomoye uwoba canke icoba carabishizeho”. Umwanditsi umwe yitwa Claudia Wallis yavuze yuko abashigikira ico ciyumviro “biyubara cane ku buryo mu vyiyumviro bashikiriza badacisha mu kanwa ijambo Imana”. Vyongeye, ikinyamakuru kimwe (Newsweek) kivuga yuko “kuba ibiriho vyashizweho hakoreshejwe ubwenge bidasigura ko hariho uwabishizeho canke ngo vyerekane uwo ari we”.

Urabona rero yuko ata co bimaze kugerageza kwirengagiza iciyumviro c’uko ibiriho biri n’uwabishizeho. None umuntu yoshobora gute gutanga insobanuro yuzuye yerekeye ibiri kw’isi no mw’ijuru be n’iyerekeye ubuzima ubwabwo mu gihe atohishura uwabishizeho uwo ari we be n’uko abaho koko canke mbere akamwirengagiza?

Ku rugero runaka, ibihari bijanye n’ukumenya niba twokwemera ko ibiriho biri n’uwabishizeho canke atawuriho bishingiye ku bibazo bikurikira: Kwemera yuko ibiriho biri n’uwabishizeho afise ubushobozi burengeye ubw’abantu vyoba bibuza yuko haba iterambere mu vya siyansi no mu vy’ubumenyi? Twoba dukwiye kwemera yuko ibiriho biri n’uwabishezeho w’umunyabwenge igihe gusa ata yindi nsiguro dufise twotanga? Vyongeye, twihweje ibiriho, vyoba mu vy’ukuri vyumvikana dushitse ku ciyumviro c’uko biri n’uwabishizeho? Ikiganiro gikurikira kiraza guca irya n’ino ivyo bibazo be n’ibindi bijanye na vyo.

[Ifoto ku rup. 3]

Charles Darwin yemera yuko mu bidukikije ibinyabuzima bidakomeye bigenda birahona hagasigara ibikomeye kuruta, ko ari co gituma mu bidukikije hasigara ibinyabuzima bikorana neza

[Abo dukesha ifoto]

Darwin: Ifoto yafashwe na Mrs. J. M. Cameron/U.S. National Archives photo