Bibiliya kuki ziri kwinshi?

Kubera iki hari ubwoko bwinshi cane bwa Bibiliya muri iki gihe? Woba ubona ko Bibiliya za vuba ziriho kugira zigufashe gutahura Ijambo ry’Imana canke uzibona nk’intambamyi? Kumenya abazishize mu zindi ndimi be n’icatumye babigira, bizogufasha kuzisuzuma witonze.

Ariko none, ni bande banditse Bibiliya ari bwo bwa mbere kandi hari ryari?

BIBILIYA YO MU NTANGO

Mu bisanzwe, Bibiliya igizwe n’ibice bibiri. Igice ca mbere kigizwe n’ibitabu 39 birimwo “amajambo meranda y’Imana.” (Abaroma 3:2) Imana yarahumekeye abagabo b’abizigirwa ngo bandike ivyo bitabu mu kiringo c’imyaka nka 1.100, kuva mu 1513 gushika mu 443 imbere ya Kristu. Ahanini banditse mu giheburayo. Ni co gituma ico gice citwa Ivyanditswe vy’igiheburayo, canke Isezerano rya kera.

Igice ca kabiri kigizwe n’ibitabu 27, na vyo nyene akaba ari “ijambo ry’Imana.” (1 Abatesalonika 2:13) Imana yarahumekeye abigishwa ba Yezu Kristu b’abizigirwa barandika ivyo bitabu mu kiringo kigufi c’imyaka hafi 60, kuva nko mu 41 gushika mu 98 inyuma ya Kristu. Ahanini banditse mu kigiriki. Ni co gituma ico gice citwa Ivyanditswe vy’ikigiriki, canke Isezerano rishasha.

Ivyo bitabu bigize Bibiliya vyose hamwe ni 66, akaba ari ubutumwa Imana yarungikiye abantu. Ariko none ni kubera iki hatunganijwe izindi Bibiliya zitandukanye? Hariho imvo nyamukuru zitatu.

• Kuronsa abantu Bibiliya mu rurimi kavukire.

• Gukosora amakosa yashizwemwo n’abimuzi, maze Bibiliya igasubira kuba nk’uko yari mu ntango.

• Gukuramwo imvugo zataye igihe.

Reka turimbure ukuntu izo mvo zatumye hatunganywa Bibiliya zibiri za kera cane.

BIBILIYA Y’IKIGIRIKI YITWA SEPTANTE

Hagisigaye nk’imyaka 300 ngo Yezu aze kw’isi, incabwenge z’Abayuda zaratanguye gushira Ivyanditswe vy’igiheburayo mu kigiriki. Iyo Bibiliya yabo y’ikigiriki yahavuye yitwa Septante. Kubera iki none yatunganijwe? Kwari ukugira ngo Abayuda bavuga ikigiriki aho kuvuga igiheburayo, bashobore kuguma bisomera “ivyanditswe vyeranda.”​—2 Timoteyo 3:15.

Iyo Bibiliya yitwa Septante yarafashije n’abantu amamiliyoni atari Abayuda bavuga ikigiriki, kumenya ivyo Bibiliya yigisha. Uti gute? Umuporofeseri yitwa W. F. Howard yavuze ati: “Kuva hagati mu kinjana ca mbere, iyo Bibiliya yacitse iy’ishengero rya gikirisu, iryari n’abamisiyonari bava mw’isinagogi baja mu yindi ‘kugira bemeze bisunze ivyanditswe yuko Mesiya yari Yezu.’” (Ivyakozwe 17:3, 4; 20:20) Umuhinga mu vya Bibiliya yitwa F. F. Bruce na we, avuga ko ico ari kimwe mu vyahavuye bituma Abayuda benshi “bataba bagihurumbira iyo Bibiliya Septante.”

Uko rero abigishwa ba Yezu bagiye bararonka ibitabu bigize Ivyanditswe vy’ikigiriki, baca babishira hamwe n’ivyari bigize ya Bibiliya Septante y’Ivyanditswe vy’igiheburayo. Ivyo ni vyo vyahavuye biba Bibiliya yuzuye dufise muri iki gihe.

BIBILIYA Y’IKILATINI YITWA VULGATE

Haciye nk’imyaka 300 Bibiliya imaze kwandikwa, umuhinga mu vy’amadini yitwa Jérôme yarasohoye Bibiliya y’ikilatini yahavuye yitwa Vulgate. None ko hari hasanzwe Bibiliya zitandukanye zo mu kilatini, iyo yindi yari ije gukora iki? Igitabu kimwe (The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia) kivuga ko Jérôme yashaka gukosora “imvugo zitari zo, amakosa agaragara be n’ivyongewemwo canke ivyakuwemwo atari ngombwa.”

Jérôme yarakosoye menshi muri ayo makosa. Ariko mu nyuma, indongozi za ekleziya zarakoze ikibi kibishe! Zavuze ko ya Bibiliya Vulgate yo mu kilatini ari yo gusa yari yemewe, kandi vyagumye ukwo ibinjana n’ibindi! Aho gufasha abantu batobato gutahura Ijambo ry’Imana, iyo Bibiliya Vulgate yatumye ridatahurwa, kubera ko ikilatini cari gisigaye kizwi n’abantu imparurwa.

BIBILIYA NSHASHA ZIGWIRA

Muri ico gihe nyene, abantu bagumye batunganya izindi Bibiliya, nk’imwe izwi cane yo mu gisiriyake yitwa Peshitta yasohowe nko mu kinjana ca gatanu inyuma ya Kristu. Ariko rero, mu kinjana ca 14 ni ho bagize utwigoro dukomeye mu gutuma abantu batobato baronka Bibiliya mu ndimi kavukire.

Mu mpera z’ikinjana ca 14, uwitwa John Wycliffe wo mu Bwongereza yaratanguye urugamba rwo kuvavanura n’indimi zitari zigikoreshwa. Yaciye asohora Bibiliya yo mu congereza, rukaba rwari ururimi abo mu karere iwabo batahura. Bidatevye, ubuhinga Johannes Gutenberg yatanguje bwo gucapura ibitabu, bwaratumye abahinga mu vya Bibiliya bacapura bongera barakwiragiza izindi Bibiliya nshasha mu ndimi zakoreshwa n’abantu benshi hirya no hino i Buraya.

Igihe Bibiliya z’icongereza zarushiriza kugwira, hari abaneguye igikorwa co gutunganya Bibiliya zitandukanye mu rurimi rumwe. John Lewis, umukuru mu vy’idini w’umwongereza wo mu kinjana ca 18, wewe yanditse ati: “Kubera ko ururimi rusaza ntirube rugitahurika, birakenerwa ko Bibiliya za kera zisubirwamwo kugira zikoreshe ururimi rugezweho, maze zitahurwe n’iyaruka rigezweho.”

Ubu abahinga mu vya Bibiliya baroroherwa cane no gusubiramwo Bibiliya za kera. Baratahura cane indimi Bibiliya yanditswemwo kera, kandi barafise ivyandikano kirumara vy’iminwe vya kera vya Bibiliya biherutse kwuburwa. Ivyo rero biratuma bashobora kumenya igisomwa ca Bibiliya co mu ntango ata kwihenda.

Ni vyiza rero kuba dufise izindi Bibiliya nshasha. Ego ni ko turakwiye kuba maso kuri zimwe muri zo.a Ariko rero, igihe abasubiyemwo Bibiliya kanaka baba babitumwe n’urukundo nyakuri bakunda Imana, turashobora kwungukira cane ku gikorwa cabo.