Kumenya neza izina ry’Imana ni urugamba

HARIHO uwushaka kukubuza kumenya izina Yehova no kugiranira na we ubucuti bwa hafi. Uwo mwansi w’umubisha ni nde? Bibiliya isigura iti: “Imana y’iki gihe . . . yarahumye imizirikanyi y’abatemera.” Iyo mana y’iyi si itibanga Imana ni Shetani wa Mubesheranyi. Ashaka kukugumiza mu mwiza kugira ngo umutima wawe ntiwakirwe n’umuco w’“ubumenyi buninahaye bw’Imana.” Shetani ntashaka yuko umenya neza izina Yehova. None ahuma gute imizirikanyi y’abantu?​—2 Abakorinto 4:4-6.

Shetani yarakoresheje idini ry’ikinyoma kugira atume abantu batamenya neza izina ry’Imana. Nk’akarorero mu bihe vya kera, Abayuda bamwebamwe barirengagije Ivyanditswe vyahumetswe, bahitamwo gukurikiza umugenzo wabuza gukoresha izina ry’Imana. Mu binjana vya mbere vyo mu gihe cacu, biboneka ko Abayuda basoma Ivyanditswe Vyeranda imbere y’abantu, bari barategetswe kudasoma izina ry’Imana nk’uko riri mu Vyanditswe Vyeranda, ahubwo bategekwa kurisubiriza ijambo ʼAdho·naiʹ risobanura ngo “Umukama.” Nta gukeka yuko ivyo vyatumye ubucuti abantu bari bafitaniye n’Imana busubira inyuma bimwe biteye agahinda. Benshi barahomvye akaryo ko kuronka ivyiza biva ku kugiranira n’Imana ubucuti bwa hafi. Ariko tuvuge iki ku vyerekeye Yezu? Yabona gute izina Yehova?

Yezu n’abayoboke biwe baramenyekanishije izina ry’Imana

Mw’isengesho Yezu yatuye Se wiwe, yavuze ati: “[Nara]menyesheje izina ryawe kandi nzorimenyekanisha.” (Yohani 17:26) Nta gukeka ko Yezu yavuga izina ry’Imana akatari gake igihe yaba ariko arasoma, asubiramwo canke asigura ibihimba vyo mu Vyanditswe vy’igiheburayo vyaba birimwo iryo zina rihambaye. Yezu ategerezwa kuba rero yarakoresha cane izina ry’Imana nk’uko nyene abahanuzi bose bamwitangiye imbere babigira. Naho mu gihe c’ubusuku bwa Yezu hoba hariho Abayuda bari basanzwe birinda gukoresha izina ry’Imana, nta gukeka yuko Yezu wewe atakurikiye uwo mugenzo wabo. Yaraneguye cane indongozi z’amadini igihe yazibwira ati: “Mwatituye ijambo ry’Imana kubera umugenzo wanyu.”​—Matayo 15:6.

Abayoboke ba Yezu b’abizigirwa barabandanije kumenyekanisha izina ry’Imana inyuma y’urupfu rwiwe n’izuka ryiwe. (Raba uruzitiro ruvuga ngo “Abakirisu bo mu ntango boba barakoresha izina ry’Imana?”) Kuri Pentekoti yo mu 33 G.C., ari na wo musi nyene ishengero rya gikirisu ryavuka, intumwa Petero yarasubiyemwo amajambo yo mu buhanuzi bwa Yoweli ayabwira isinzi ry’Abayuda be n’abahindukiriye idini ry’Abayuda, avuga ati: “Umuntu wese yambaza izina rya Yehova azokizwa.” (Ibikorwa 2:21; Yoweli 2:32, NW) Abakirisu bo mu ntango barafashije abantu bo mu mahanga menshi kumenya neza izina Yehova. Ni co gituma igihe intumwa zakoranira hamwe n’abagabo b’inararibonye b’i Yeruzalemu, umwigishwa Yakobo yavuze ati: “Imana yitayeho amahanga . . . ngo iyakuremwo igisata ku bw’izina ryayo.”​—Ibikorwa 15:14.

Yamara, wa mwansi w’izina ry’Imana ntiyaciye ata hasi. Aho intumwa zimariye gupfa, Shetani ntiyatevye guca abiba imbuto z’ubuhuni. (Matayo 13:38, 39; 2 Petero 2:1) Nk’akarorero, wa mwanditsi Justin Martyr yitwa ngo ni umukirisu, yavutse nko mu gihe Yohani yapfiriyemwo, uno akaba ari we yapfuye inyuma y’izindi ntumwa. Yamara Justin yarashimitse akatari gake mu vyo yanditse avuga ko Umutanzi w’ibintu vyose ari “Imana itagira izina ry’uruharo.”

Igihe abakirisu b’abahuni bimura Ivyanditswe vy’ikigiriki, biragaragara ko bakuyemwo izina ry’uruharo Yehova maze barisubiriza izina Kyʹri·os, rikaba ari ijambo ry’ikigiriki risobanura ngo “Umukama.” Ivyanditswe vy’igiheburayo na vyo nyene vyarahaboneye. Kubera ko abanditsi b’Abayuda b’abahuni batari bagisoma izina ry’Imana n’ijwi ryumvikana, mu Vyanditswe vyabo bahavuye barisubiriza ijambo ʼAdho·naiʹ incuro zirenga 130. Ya Bibiliya yashimwe cane yo mu kilatini yasozerwa na Jérôme mu 405 G.C., ikaba yahavuye yitwa Vulgate, na yo nyene yarakuyemwo izina ry’uruharo ry’Imana.

Ingene barondeye kuzimanganya izina ry’Imana mu bihe vya none

Muri kino gihe, incabwenge zirazi ko izina ry’uruharo Yehova riboneka muri Bibiliya nk’incuro 7.000. Ku bw’ivyo, Bibiliya zikoreshwa cane nk’imwe y’abagatolika yitwa Bible de Jérusalem, iyitwa La Biblia Latinoamérica y’abagatolika iri mu gisupanyoli, be na Bibiliya izwi cane yitirirwa Reina-Valera, na yo nyene ikaba iri mu gisupanyoli, zirakoresha cane izina ry’uruharo ry’Imana. Amabibiliya amwamwe akoresha “Yahweh” mu kuvuga izina ry’Imana.

Ikibabaje, amadini menshi afasha mu vyo gushira Bibiliya mu zindi ndimi arahata incabwenge ngo zikure izina ry’Imana mu mabibiliya zishira mu zindi ndimi. Nk’akarorero, mw’ikete Vatikano yandikiye abakuru b’inama z’abasenyeri ba Ekeleziya ryo ku wa 29 Ruheshi 2008, yavuze iti: “Mu myaka ya vuba, akamenyero ko kuvuga izina ry’uruharo ry’Imana ya Isirayeli karatwinjiranye buhorobuhoro.” Iryo kete ritegeka ridakikiriza riti: “Izina ry’Imana . . . ntirikwiye gukoreshwa canke ngo ricishwe mu kanwa.” Ryongerako riti: “Ku bijanye no gushira igisomwa ca Bibiliya mu ndimi za none, . . . za ndome zine zerekana izina ry’Imana zikwiye gusubirizwa izina rihuye na Adonai canke Kyrios, ari ryo ‘Umukama.’” Biragaragara yuko iryo tegeko rya Vatikano rifise intumbero yo kuzimanganya ivyo gukoresha izina ry’Imana.

Abaporotisanti ntiwibaze ngo ni bo bafatanye icubahiro izina Yehova. Umuvugizi aserukira abateguye Bibiliya New International Version babifashijwemwo n’abaporotisanti yasohowe mu congereza mu 1978, yanditse ati: “Yehova ni izina ry’Imana riyitandukanya n’izindi, kandi vyari vyiza kurikoresha. Mugabo uravye amadolari 2.250.000 twasohoye kugira ngo iyo Bibiliya iboneke, twoba vy’ukuri tuyapfishije ubusa nka hamwe muri Zaburi 23 twohavuga ngo: ‘Yahweh ni umwungere wanje.’”

Vyongeye, amadini yaratumye abantu bo muri Amerika y’Epfo batamenya izina ry’Imana. Steven Voth, akaba ari umuhanuzwajambo mu vyo gushira Bibiliya mu zindi ndimi akorana n’Urunani rw’amashirahamwe y’ivya Bibiliya, yandika ati: “Kimwe mu bintu baharirako urudaca mu migwi y’abaporotisanti bo muri Amerika y’Epfo ni ikijanye n’ikoreshwa ry’izina Jehová . . . Hari idini rya pentekoti rishasha rifise abanywanyi benshi cane kandi ritera ryaguka . . . ryavuze yuko ryipfuza Bibiliya yitirirwa Reina-Valera yasohowe mu 1960, ariko itarimwo izina Jehová. Bipfuza nyabuna ko iryo zina risubirirwa n’ijambo Señor [Umukama].” Voth avuga yuko rwa Runani rw’amashirahamwe y’ivya Bibiliya rwabanje kuvyanka, ariko rurateba ruragondozwa maze rurasohora integuro y’iyo Bibiliya yitirirwa Reina-Valera “itarimwo ijambo Jehová.”

Gukura izina ry’Imana mw’Ijambo ryayo ryanditswe bakarisubiriza izina “Umukama” bituma abasomyi batamenya vy’ukuri ukuntu Imana imeze. Ukwo gusubiriza izina ry’Imana kuratuma abantu bazazanirwa. Nk’akarorero, umusomyi yoshobora kudatahura nimba ijambo “Umukama” rishaka kuvuga Yehova canke Umwana wiwe Yezu. Gutyo, mu canditswe kimwe, intumwa Petero arasubiramwo ivyo Dawidi yavuze ati: “Yehova yabwiye Umukama wanje [ni ukuvuga Yezu uwari amaze kuzuka] ati: ‘Icara iburyo bwanje.’” Amabibiliya menshi ico canditswe akivuga ngo: “Umukama yabariye Umukama wanje.” (Ibikorwa 2:34, Ubwuzure Bushasha) Vyongeye, mu gitabu uwitwa David Clines yanditse (Yahweh and the God of Christian Theology), avuga ati: “Imwe mu ngaruka z’ukuba izina Yahweh ritakiri mu bwenge bw’abakirisu ni kurya kuntu usanga bagomba kwibanda ahinini kuri Kristu.” Abantu benshi baja gusenga usanga rero batazi yuko ya Mana y’ukuri Yezu yatura amasengesho ari Imana dushobora kugiranira ubucuti kandi ifise izina, iryo na ryo akaba ari Yehova.

Shetani yarakoze uko ashoboye kwose kugira ngo ahume imizirikanyi y’abantu ku vyerekeye Imana. Naho biri ukwo, urashobora kumenya neza Yehova ukagiranira na we ubucuti.

Urashobora kumenya neza izina Yehova

Nta woharira ko Shetani yaviriye hasi izina ry’Imana, kandi mu kubigira yarakoresheje ku rwenge idini ry’ikinyoma. Ariko rero, ikizwi coco ni uko ata bubasha buriho mw’ijuru canke kw’isi bushobora kubuza Umukama Segaba Yehova kumenyesha izina ryiwe abipfuza kumenya ukuri ku bimwerekeye no ku vyerekeye umugambi uninahaye afitiye abantu b’abizigirwa.

Ivyabona vya Yehova bazoshima kugufasha kumenya ukuntu wokwiyegereza Imana biciye ku kwiga Bibiliya. Bakurikira akarorero ka Yezu, we yabwiye Imana ati: “Narabamenyesheje izina ryawe.” (Yohani 17:26) Uzirikanye ku vyanditswe vyerekana uruhara rurimwo vyinshi Yehova yaranguye kugira ngo umuryango w’abantu uronke imihezagiro, uzomenya imice iteye igomwe ya kamere yiwe ininahaye.

Yobu, umwe sekuruza w’imiryango w’umwizigirwa, yaragiraniye “ubugenzi somambike n’Imana,” kandi na wewe wobishobora. (Yobu 29:4, NW) Ubumenyi bw’Ijambo ry’Imana burashobora kugufasha kumenya neza izina Yehova. Ubwo bumenyi buzotuma wizigira yuko Yehova azohuza n’ico yavuze ko izina ryiwe risobanura, ni ukuvuga: ‘Nzocika ico nshaka cose.’ (Kuvayo 3:14, NW, akajambo k’epfo.) Gutyo rero, ntazobura gushitsa ibintu vyiza vyose yasezeraniye abantu.

[Uruzitiro/Ifoto ku rup. 6]

Abakirisu bo mu ntango boba barakoresha izina ry’Imana?

Mu gihe c’intumwa za Yezu mu kinjana ca mbere G.C., haravutse amashengero y’abakirisu mu bihugu vyinshi. Abagize ayo mashengero bama bahurira hamwe kugira ngo bige Ivyanditswe. Mbega amakopi y’Ivyanditswe abo bakirisu bo mu ntango bakoresha boba barayasangamwo izina Yehova?

Kubera ko ikigiriki cari kimaze kuba ururimi mpuzamakungu, amashengero menshi wasanga akoresha ya Bibiliya yo mu kigiriki y’Ivyanditswe vy’igiheburayo yitwa Septante, iyarangiye gutegurwa mu kinjana ca kabiri B.G.C. Hari incabwenge mu vya Bibiliya zivuga yuko ngo kuva igihe iyo Bibiliya yo mu kigiriki yaboneka mu ntango, yamye ifata izina ry’Imana ikarisubiriza izina ry’icubahiro Kyʹri·os, irisanzwe ari ijambo ry’ikigiriki risobanura ngo “Umukama.” Ariko ibimenyamenya vyerekana ko atari ukwo biri.

Utwo dupande tw’imizingo twerekanywe ng’aho ni ibihimba vy’igisomwa c’iyo Bibiliya y’ikigiriki yitwa Septante two mu kinjana ca mbere B.G.C. Turashira ahabona izina Yehova, rikaba ryerekanwa muri ico gisomwa c’ikigiriki na za ndome zine z’igiheburayo יהוה (YHWH) zigize iciswe Tetaragarama. Porofeseri George Howard yanditse ati: “Turafise amakopi atatu atandukanye ya Bibiliya y’ikigiriki ya Septante, akaba ari ayo mu gihe c’imbere y’ubukirisu, kandi nta na hamwe za ndome zine z’igiheburayo zigize izina ry’Imana usanga zarahinduwe ngo kyrios canke ngo zinashirwe mu rurimi rw’ikigiriki. Ubu twoshobora kwemeza tutihenze cane yuko imbere y’ikiringo c’ibivugwa mw’Isezerano rishasha, muri ico kiringo nyene, be n’inyuma yaco, Abayuda bari basanzwe bandika izina ry’Imana . . . mu gisomwa c’ikigiriki c’Ivyanditswe.”​—Biblical Archaeology Review.

Intumwa za Yezu be n’abigishwa biwe boba barakoresheje izina ry’Imana mu vyo banditse bahumekewe? Porofeseri Howard avuga ati: “Bibiliya yitwa Septante, ari na yo ishengero rivugwa mw’Isezerano rishasha ryakoresha rikanasubiramwo amajambo ari muri yo, aho hose yaba irimwo izina ry’Imana ryanditse mu giheburayo, nta gukeka yuko abanditsi b’Isezerano rishasha baca bashiramwo za ndome zine z’igiheburayo zigize izina ry’Imana igihe baba bariko basubiramwo amajambo yo muri iyo Bibiliya.”

Ku bw’ivyo ntitwoba twihenze dushitse ku ciyumviro c’uko abakirisu bo mu ntango basoma izina ry’Imana mu mabibiliya yabo y’Ivyanditswe vy’igiheburayo yashizwe mu rundi rurimi no mu makopi yabo y’Ivyanditswe vy’ikigiriki.

[Abo dukesha ifoto]

Amafoto yose tuyakesha Société Royale de Papyrologie du Caire

[Ifoto ku rup. 4, 5]

Agahimba k’igitabu ca Yesaya ko muri ya mizingo yo ku Kiyaga c’Umunyu karimwo izina ry’imana ryashizwe mu kazingi

[Abo dukesha ifoto]

Shrine of the Book, Photo © The Israel Museum, Jerusalem

[Ifoto ku rup. 7]

Amadini yarakuye izina ry’Imana muri Bibiliya kubera umugenzo w’Abayuda canke mbere kugira bironkere inyungu

[Ifoto ku rup. 8]

Yezu yaratanze akarorero mu bijanye no kumenyekanisha izina ry’Imana