Isinagogi​—Aho Yezu n’abigishwa biwe bamamariza inkuru nziza

“Maze agendagenda i Galilaya hose, yigisha mu masinagogi yabo yongera yamamaza inkuru nziza y’ubwami.”​—MATAYO 4:23.

INCURO n’izindi mu nkuru dusoma mu Njili, turabona Yezu ari mw’isinagogi. Haba i Nazareti aho yakuriye, canke i Kaperinawumu ca gisagara yahavuye ahindura i muhira, canke mu bindi bisagara be n’ibigwati yagendeye mu kiringo c’imyaka itatu n’igice yamaze akora cane mu busuku yarangura, akenshi Yezu yahitamwo isinagogi ngo habe ho hantu yamamariza kandi yigishiriza ivyerekeye Ubwami bw’Imana. Nkako, Yezu atereje amaso inyuma akaraba ubusuku yaranguye, yavuze ati: “Nama nantaryo nigisha mw’isinagogi no mu rusengero, aho Abayuda bose bakoranira.”​—Yohani 18:20.

Muri ubwo buryo nyene, intumwa za Yezu be n’abandi bakirisu bo mu ntango akenshi barigishiriza mu masinagogi y’Abayuda. Ariko none, vyagenze gute ngo Abayuda batangure gusengera mu masinagogi? Vyongeye, izo nzu zo gusengeramwo zari zimeze gute mu gihe ca Yezu? Reka tuvyihweze twitonze.

Cari ikintu nyamukuru caranga ubuzima bw’Abayuda Gatatu mu mwaka, Abayuda b’igitsina-gabo barafata urugendo bakaja i Yeruzalemu guhimbaza imisi mikuru yagirirwa ku rusengero rweranda rwaho. Mugabo mu bijanye n’ugusenga ku musi ku musi, isinagogi yo mu karere babamwo ni yo baca bikorako, baba ari ababa muri Palesitina canke ari bamwe mu Bayuda benshi baba mu mahanga.

None isinagogi yatanguye gukoreshwa ryari? Bamwebamwe biyumvira yuko hari nko mu gihe Abayuda bari baratwawe ari inyagano i Babiloni (607-537 B.G.C.), ico gihe urusengero rwa Yehova rukaba rwari rwarabaye umusaka. Canke hashobora kuba hari gatoyi inyuma y’aho Abayuda baviriye mu bunyagano, ca gihe Ezira umuherezi yahimiriza abantu b’iwabo ngo barushirize kumenya no gutahura Itegeko ry’Imana.​—Ezira 7:10; 8:1-8; 10:3.

Mu ntango, iryo jambo “isinagogi” ryasobanura gusa “ikoraniro” canke “ishengero.” Ukwo ni ko ryakoreshwa muri Bibiliya yitwa Septante, na yo ikaba ari impinduro y’ikigiriki y’Ivyanditswe vy’igiheburayo. Ariko rero, mu nyuma iryo jambo ryahavuye ryerekeza ku nyubakwa abantu bakoraniramwo ku bwo gusenga. Mu kinjana ca mbere G.C., igisagara nka cose Yezu yagendeye cari gifise isinagogi yaco bwite; ibisagara bininibinini wasanga bifise amasinagogi atari make, igisagara ca Yeruzalemu co kikaba cari gifise nyinshi. None izo nyubakwa zari zimeze gute?

Yari inzu iciye bugufi yo gusengeramwo Igihe Abayuda baba bategekanya kwubaka isinagogi, akenshi barondera ahantu hakirurutse, maze bagatunganya imigero y’iyo nyubakwa ku buryo umuryango wayo (1) uraba i Yeruzalemu. Ariko rero, biboneka ko ivyo bintu bisunga vyashika bigahinduka, kubera yuko bitashobora kwama nantaryo vyubahirijwe.

Isinagogi irangiye kwubakwa, akenshi wasanga iciye bugufi, ibikoresho vyo muri yo bikaba ari bikeyi kandi bitarundanye. Ariko rero hari ikintu nyamukuru cayiranga, ico na co akaba ari isandugu (2) canke ububiko bwajamwo ibintu abantu baho baha agaciro kuruta ibindi vyose batunze, ni ukuvuga imizingo y’Ivyanditswe Vyeranda. Mu kiringo c’amakoraniro, iyo sandugu ishobora guterurwa yarashirwa mu kibanza cayo, kugira ngo mu nyuma ize gusubizwa mu cumba kitagira inkomanzi (3).

Impande y’iyo sandugu aharabana n’abagize ishengero, haba hari ibibanza vy’imbere (4) bigenewe abahagarikizi b’isinagogi be n’umushitsi w’iteka wese yashobora kuba ari ho ari. (Matayo 23:5, 6) Amaja hagati na hagati muri iyo nzu haba hariho ahantu hataramutse hafise aho uwushikiriza insiguro ahagarara be n’aho yicara (5). Aharabana n’uwo mukiruruko haba hari intebe abagize ishengero bicarako hirya no hino ku mpande zitatu (6).

Akenshi wasanga isinagogi yakoreshwa ikongera igashigikirwa n’ishengero ry’aho yaba iri. Intererano zitangwa n’abavyishakiye bose, baba abatunzi canke aboro, ni zo zatuma iyo nyubakwa iguma ibungabungwa kandi imeze neza. Uti ariko none amakoraniro yagirwa mw’isinagogi yari ameze gute?

Ugusenga kwagirirwa kw’isinagogi Porogarama y’ugusenga kw’isinagogi yarimwo amashemezo, amasengesho, ugusoma Ivyanditswe, hamwe n’ukwigisha be n’ukwamamaza. Abagize ishengero batangura mu gusubiramwo n’ijwi ryumvikana ico bita Shema, ayo akaba yari amajambo Abayuda bakoresha mu kwatura ukwizera. Iryo zina Shema ryari rishingiye kw’ijambo ritangura icanditswe baherako gusubiramwo mu majambo, kivuga giti: “Ni mwumve [Shema], yemwe Bisirayeli: Uhoraho Imana yacu ni we Uhoraho wenyene.”​—Gusubira mu vyagezwe 6:4.

Haca hakurikira ugusoma n’ugusigura Itorati, ni ukuvuga vya bitabu bitanu vya mbere vya Bibiliya vyanditswe na Musa. (Ibikorwa 15:21) Baca babandanya basoma bakoresheje ibice vyo mu vyanditswe n’abahanuzi (ivyitwa haphtaroth), bakabisigura bakongera bakerekana ingene vyoshirwa mu ngiro. Rimwe na rimwe, abashikiriza insiguro b’abashitsi ni bo bashikiriza ico gihimba ca porogarama, nk’uko na Yezu yabigize ca gihe kivugwa muri Luka 4:16-21.

Yamara ntiwumve, umuzingo bahereje Yezu kuri iryo koraniro nta bigabane canke imirongo vyarimwo nk’uko biri muri Bibiliya za kino gihe. Ku bw’ivyo, turashobora kwiha ishusho Yezu ariko arazingurura uwo muzingo n’ukuboko kwiwe kw’ibubamfu, ubwo nyene akaba ariko arawuzinga n’ukuboko kwiwe kw’iburyo, gushika atoye icanditswe yariko ararondera. Bahejeje gusoma, baca bazinga uwo muzingo bakawusubiza ku ntango.

Akenshi basoma mu giheburayo co mu ntango, bagaca basobanura mu giharameya. Mu mashengero akoresha ururimi rw’ikigiriki, basoma ya mpinduro yitwa Septante.

Cari ikintu gifise ikibanza gihambaye mu buzima bwa misi yose Isinagogi, iri kumwe n’izindi nyubakwa bifatanye canke ziri hamwe na yo, cari ikintu gifise ikibanza gihambaye mu buzima bwa misi yose bw’Umuyuda ku buryo yakoreshwa ibintu vyinshi. Rimwe na rimwe barahumviririza imanza, hakagirirwa n’amanama ahuza abantu baho be n’imitororokano wasanga irimwo ibifungurwa vyatangirwa mu bibanza vy’uburiro vyaba biri muri izo nyubakwa. Ingenzi hari igihe zahabwa indaro mu nzu z’uburaro zaba ziri mu zigize inyubakwa z’iyo sinagogi.

Nko mu gisagara ico ari co cose wasanga isinagogi ifise n’ishure, akenshi rikaba ryaba riri muri iyo nyubakwa nyene. Twoshobora kwiha ishusho y’isomero ryuzuye abanyeshure bakiri bato bariko bariga gusoma ibidome bininibinini umwigisha yanditse ku kigura gihinguwe mw’ishashara. Ayo mashure cari kimwe mu bintu bihambaye vyatuma Abayuda ba kera bamenya gusoma, ugasanga n’abantu batobato bamenyereye Ivyanditswe.

Ariko rero, intumbero nyamukuru y’isinagogi yari iyo kuronsa abantu ikibanza co gusengeramwo badahorereza. Ntibitangaje rero kubona amakoraniro y’abakirisu bo mu kinjana ca mbere yari afise ibintu vyinshi ahuriyeko n’ayabera muri ayo masinagogi y’Abayuda. Mu makoraniro yagirwa n’abakirisu na ho nyene, intumbero yari iy’ugusenga Yehova biciye ku masengesho, ku ndirimbo z’amashemezo be no ku gusoma no kuyagira abandi ibijanye n’Ijambo ry’Imana. Ayo makoraniro si ivyo gusa yari ahuriyeko. Muri ivyo bibanza vyo gusengeramwo vyompi, ibintu bitandukanye vyaba bikenewe be n’ivyaba bisaba amahera vyatunganywa biciye ku ntererano zitangwa n’abavyishakiye; nta na hamwe muri ivyo bibanza vyompi wasanga umugwi kanaka w’abakuru b’idini ari wo uhariwe agateka ko gusoma canke kuyagira abandi ibijanye n’Ijambo ry’Imana; muri ivyo bibanza vyompi, amakoraniro yatunganywa akongera akayoborwa n’abagabo b’inararibonye bajejwe amabanga.

Ivyabona vya Yehova muri kino gihe barita ku rutare kugira ngo bumire ku karorero basigiwe na Yezu be n’abayoboke biwe bo mu kinjana ca mbere. Amakoraniro bagirira mu Ngoro y’Ubwami rero, arafise ibintu biyaranga ahuriyeko n’ayo makoraniro yagirirwa mu masinagogi ya kera. Ikiruta vyose, Ivyabona barahurira hamwe ku bw’intumbero abakunda ukuri bamye nantaryo bahuriyeko, iyo na yo kukaba ari ‘ukwiyegereza Imana.’​—Yakobo 4:8.

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Iyi shusho yerekana ingene isinagogi yari yubatswe twisunze umugero w’isinagogi yo mu kinjana ca mbere y’i Gamla

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Amashure yo ku masinagogi yarigisha abana b’abahungu b’imyaka nka 6 gushika kuri 13