KAHISE KATWIGISHA IKI?
Robert Boyle
Abakunda ivya kahise bashobora kuba bibuka yuko Robert Boyle ari we muhinga mu vya siyansi yitirirwa itegeko rigenga imyuka, rino rikaba risigura ingene umwuka uri ahantu wituna canke ugakwiragira bivanye n’inguvu ziwutunatunye. Ico kintu gihambaye cane yubuye ni co cabaye umushinge w’amaterambere menshi cane yakurikiye mu vya siyansi. Mugabo Robert Boyle ntiyari umuhinga mu vya siyansi gusa. Abonwa kandi yuko yari umuntu yemera cane Imana n’Ijambo ryayo ryahumetswe, ari ryo Bibiliya.
BOYLE yavutse mu 1627, avukira mu muryango utunze waba ahitwa Lismore Castle muri Irlande. Ico gihe hari himirije ikiringo abahinga mu vya kahise bise ngo ni ic’ubwenge, muri ico kiringo incabwenge zikaba zaragerageje gukura abantu mu bintu bari bamaze ibinjana n’ibindi bapfa kwemera. Boyle na we nyene ni yo ntumbero yari afise. Mu nkuru yanditse ivuga ivyo mu buto bwiwe, yiyise Philaretus, bisobanura ngo “Uwukunda ibigororotse.”
Boyle ntiyipfuza gusa kumenya ukuri, ariko kandi yaripfuza cane kubwira abandi ivyo yari amaze kumenya vyose. Yaranditse ibitabu vyinshi, ivyo yanditse bikaba vyarisunzwe cane n’abantu benshi bo mu gihe ciwe, ushizemwo wa mu muhinga rurangiranwa mu vya siyansi yitwa Isaac Newton. Mu 1660, Boyle yarafadikanije n’abandi gushinga ikigo gitohoza ivya siyansi citwa Royal Society, n’ubu kikaba kikiriho i Londres mu Bwongereza.
YARAKUNDA SIYANSI
Boyle bivugwa ko ari we se w’abahinga mu vya shimi (chimie). Yakora mu buryo butandukanye n’ubw’abandi bahinga bo mu gihe ciwe. Ivyo abo bahinga bubura babigira ibanga, baramutse bavyanditse na ho bagakoresha imvugo ifobetse yatahurwa n’abantu bake cane uretse abo mu mugwi wabo. Boyle wewe yarasohora amakuru y’ido n’ido yerekeye ivyo yakora kugira abantu babimenye. Vyongeye, aho gupfa kwemera ivyiyumviro bitagira ishingiro vyari bimaze igihe kirekire vyemerwa, we yabona ko umuhinga akwiye kubanza kugira ubushakashatsi bwitondowe imbere yo kwemeza ko ikintu kanaka ari ic’ukuri.
Ubushakashatsi Boyle yagize bwarerekanye yuko ikintu cose kigizwe n’uduhimba dutoduto cane tunaka, utwo duhimba tukaba dufatangana mu buryo butandukanye tukavamwo ibintu bitandukanye.
Uburyo Boyle yabona ko ubushakashatsi mu vya siyansi bukwiye kugirwa buradondorwa neza mu gitabu kimwe yanditse kizwi cane (The Sceptical Chymist). Muri ico gitabu avuga yuko abahinga mu vya siyansi bakwiye kwirinda ubwibone canke kwemeza abantu ibintu ku nguvu. Bishitse na ho bakihenda, barakwiye kwemera ko bihenze. Boyle yaravuze ashimitse yuko abantu bemera cane ivyiyumviro kanaka bafise, bakwiye kwitonda ntibitiranye ivyo bazi neza ko ari ukuri n’ivyo biyumvira ko ari ukuri.
Boyle yaravuze ashimitse yuko abantu bemera cane ivyiyumviro kanaka bafise, bakwiye kwitonda ntibitiranye ivyo bazi neza ko ari ukuri n’ivyo biyumvira ko ari ukuri
YAREMERA IMANA
No mu vy’Imana, ukwo nyene ni ko Boyle yabona ibintu. Ivyo yubuye ku bijanye n’ibiri mu kirere be n’ukuntu ibinyabuzima biremwe mu buryo bw’igitangaza vyaramujijuye yuko hategerezwa kuba hariho uwabiteguye akabirema. Yararwanije rero ivyiyumviro vy’uko ata Mana iriho vyariko birushiriza kwemerwa cane n’incabwenge zo mu gihe ciwe. Boyle yashitse ku ciyumviro c’uko ata muntu akoresha ubwenge bwiwe neza yobura kwemera Imana.
Ariko rero, Boyle ntiyabona ko ubwenge bw’umuntu ari bwo bwonyene bwomufasha kumenya ukuri kwerekeye Imana. Yarabona ko umuntu akeneye yuko Imana igira ivyo imuhishuriye. Ivyo bintu rero Imana ihishura, Boyle yavuga ko ari Ijambo ry’Imana Bibiliya.
Boyle yarababazwa no kubona abantu benshi batazi ivyo Bibiliya yigisha, kandi ukwemera kwabo bigasa n’uko kutagira ishingiro rikomeye. Yabajije ati: “Tuvugishije ukuri, vyoba bibereye ko ukwemera kw’umuntu agushingira gusa ku vyo abavyeyi biwe bemera canke kukavana gusa n’aho yavukiye?” Boyle yaripfuza cane gufasha abantu kurushiriza gutahura Bibiliya.
Muri iyo ntumbero, Boyle yaratanze amahera yo gushigikira igikorwa co gusohora Bibiliya mu ndimi nyinshi. Muri izo ndimi, harimwo zimwezimwe zavugwa n’imvukira zo muri Amerika ya Ruguru, be n’icarabu, ururimi kavukire rwo muri Irlande, ikinyamaleziya, n’igitirkiya. Twovuga rero ko Robert Boyle yari incabwenge ariko akaba n’umuntu yicisha bugufi ashashaye cane kumenya ukuri mu bintu vyose no gufasha abandi kumenya ukwo kuri.