Muhinduke mu bwenge kandi mumurikirwe mu mitima
“Ni cyo gituma mvuga ibi, nkabihamya mu Mwami, yuko mutakigenda nk’uko abapagani bagenda.”—ABEFESO 4:17.
1. Ni iki ubwenge bwacu n’imitima yacu bidukorera?
UBWENGE n’umutima ni ibikoresho bibiri byiza cyane kurusha ibindi mu byo abantu bafite. N’ubwo ibikorwa byabyo bitarondoreka, bigiye bitandukana kuri buri muntu. Kamere yacu, imivugire yacu, imyifatire yacu, ibyiyumvo n’ingeso zacu, ahanini bishingiye ku mikorere y’ubwenge bwacu n’umutima wacu.
2, 3. (a) Ni gute Bibiliya ikoresha amagambo “umutima” n’ “ubwenge”? (b) Kuki twagombye kwita ku mutima wacu no ku bwenge bwacu?
2 Muri Bibiliya, ubusanzwe “umutima” werekezwa ku bishishikaza umuntu, ku byo yibwira, no ku byiyumvo bimurimo, na ho “ubwenge” bukerekezwa ku bushobozi bwo gusobanukirwa ibintu no gutekereza. Ariko kandi, ibyo byombi ni magirirane. Ni yo mpamvu Mose yihanangirije Abisirayeli agira ati “ugishyire mu mutima wawe [MN, ft. mu bwenge bwawe], yuko Uwiteka ari we Mana mu ijuru no mu isi: nta yindi” (Gutegeka kwa Kabiri 4:39). Yesu yabwiye abanditsi bamugambaniraga ati “ni iki kibateye kwibwira ibidatunganye mu mitima yanyu?”—Matayo 9:4; Mariko 2:6, 7.
3 Ibyo biragaragaza ko ubwenge n’umutima bifitanye isano ya bugufi cyane. Byombi biruzuzanya; ndetse rimwe na rimwe birafashanya, birakorana, ariko kandi, akenshi kimwe kirwanya ikindi gishaka kukiganza. (Matayo 22:37; gereranya n’Abaroma 7:23.) Ku bw’ibyo rero, kugira ngo twemerwe na Yehova, ntitugomba kurinda imimerere y’ubwenge bwacu n’umutima wacu gusa, ahubwo tugomba no kubitoza gukorana byuzuzanya no kwerekeza hamwe. Tugomba guhinduka mu bwenge bwacu kandi tukamurikirwa mu mitima.—Zaburi 119:34; Imigani 3:1.
“Uko Abapagani Bagenda”
4. Ni gute Satani ayobya ubwenge bw’abantu n’imitima yabo, kandi ibyo bigira izihe ngaruka?
4 Satani ni kabuhariwe mu kubeshya no guhindura abantu ibikoresho. Azi ko kugira ngo yigarurire abantu agomba kwibanda ku bwenge bwabo n’imitima yabo. Uhereye mu itangira ry’amateka y’abantu, yagiye akoresha ubushukanyi bw’uburyo bwose kugira ngo agere kuri iyo ntego. Ingaruka yabaye iy’uko “ab’isi bose bari mu Mubi” (1 Yohana 5:19). Koko rero, Satani yashoboye kugira icyo ahindura ku mitima y’abantu b’isi no ku bwenge bwabo, ku buryo Bibiliya ibavugaho ko ari “ab’igihe kigoramye cy’ubugoryi” (Abafilipi 2:15). Intumwa Pawulo yavuze iby’imimerere y’umutima n’ubwenge by’ab’igihe kigoramye cy’ubugoryi mu buryo butajenjetse, kandi amagambo ye ni umuburo kuri twe twese muri iki gihe. Urugero, soma mu Befeso 4:17-19 maze uhagereranye n’amagambo ya Pawulo ari mu Baroma 1:21-24.
5. Kuki Pawulo yandikiye Abefeso abaha inama ikaze?
5 Dushobora kwiyumvisha impamvu Pawulo yandikiye Abakristo bo muri Efeso ayo magambo akanjaye, iyo twibutse ukuntu uwo murwa wari uzwiho kuba wari wiganjemo ibikorwa by’ubwiyandarike bw’akahebwe hamwe n’iyobokamana rya gipagani ryo gusenga ibigirwamana. N’ubwo Abagiriki bari bafite abacurabitekerezo n’abacurabwenge b’ibirangirire, byagaragaye ko imyigishirize ya Kigiriki yatumaga abantu benshi barushaho kugira ubushobozi bwo kurushaho gukora ibibi, kandi umuco wabo na wo watumaga barushaho kuba ba kabuhariwe mu gukora ibibi. Pawulo yari ahangayikiye cyane bagenzi be b’Abakristo babaga muri iyo mimerere. Yari azi ko abenshi muri bo bahoze ari abanyamahanga kandi ‘bakurikizaga imigenzo y’iyi si.’ Ariko noneho bari baremeye ukuri. Bari barahinduye imitekerereze kandi imitima yabo yari yaramurikiwe. Ikirenze ibyo kandi, Pawulo yashakaga ko ‘bagenda uko bikwiriye ibyo bahamagariwe.’—Abefeso 2:2; 4:1.
6. Kuki twagombye gushishikazwa n’amagambo ya Pawulo?
6 Iyo mimerere ihuje n’iriho muri iki gihe. Natwe turi mu isi yiganjemo ingeso mbi, ubuhenebere bw’umuco n’imigenzo y’idini y’ikinyoma. Buri munsi, abenshi muri twe baba bari kumwe n’abantu b’isi. Abandi baba mu miryango yiganjemo umwuka w’isi. Ku bw’ibyo rero, ni iby’ingenzi ko dusobanukirwa icyo amagambo ya Pawulo avuga kandi tukungukirwa n’inama ze.
Ubwenge Butagira Umumaro Kandi Buri mu Mwijima
7. Ni iki Pawulo yashakaga kuvuga mu mvugo igira iti “ibitagira umumaro byo mu mitima yabo”?
7 Mu gutsindagiriza inkunga ye iri mu magambo tumaze kubona haruguru y’uko Abakristo ‘batakigenda nk’uko abapagani bagenda,’ mbere na mbere Pawulo yavuze “ibitagira umumaro byo mu mitima yabo.” (Abefeso 4:17). Ibyo bishaka kuvuga iki? Ijambo ryahinduwemo “ibitagira umumaro,” dukurikije uko Bibiliya yitwa The Anchor Bible ivuga, “ryumvikanamo ubusa, ikidafite agaciro, ubusabusa, ubupfapfa, ikidafite umumaro no gushoberwa.” Bityo rero, Pawulo yavugaga ko icyubahiro cy’Abagiriki n’Abaroma no kwamamara kwabo byasaga n’aho bitangaje, ariko mu by’ukuri kubikurikirana byari ukwiruka inyuma y’umuyaga, ubupfapfa no kubura uburyo. Abari barashyize imitima ku bihereranye no kuba ibirangirire no kugira ikuzo, nta kindi bajyaga kubona kitari ugushoberwa no kumwarwa. Ibyo ni na ko biri mu isi ya none.
8. Ni mu buhe buryo intego z’isi zitagira umumaro?
8 Isi ifite abahanga n’intiti, abo abantu bashakiraho ibisubizo by’ibibazo byimbitse, urugero nk’ibihereranye n’inkomoko y’ubuzima n’intego yabwo hamwe n’iherezo ry’umuntu. Ariko se, ni ubuhe bushishozi n’ubuyobozi bashobora gutanga? Inyigisho ivuga ko Imana itabaho, iyo kuvuga ko nta wasobanukirwa iyo ibintu biva n’iyo bijya mu buzima, ubwihindurize hamwe n’umurundo w’ibindi bitekerezo n’izindi nyigisho zo kugenekereza ibintu usanga bishyira abantu mu rujijo kandi bivuguruzanya, nta rumuri byigeze bitanga nk’uko byari bimeze ku migenzo n’imiziririzo byo mu gihe cya kera. Ibyo isi ihihibikanamo, na byo bisa n’aho bihesha kunyurwa no kumererwa neza mu rugero runaka. Usanga abantu bavuga ibyagezweho mu rwego rwa siyansi, mu by’ubukorikori, mu by’umuzika, mu bya siporo, mu bya politiki, n’ibindi n’ibindi. Bishimira umwanya muto bamara mu ikuzo ryabo. Nyamara kandi, ibitabo by’amateka by’iki gihe byuzuyemo ibirangirire byibagiranye. Ibyo byose ni ubusa, nta gaciro, ni ubusabusa, ubupfapfa, ntibigira umumaro kandi nta cyizere bitanga.
9. Ni izihe ntego zitagira umumaro abantu benshi bahindukirira?
9 Abantu benshi bazi ko iyo migambi itagira umumaro, bahindukirira ibyo kwishakira ubutunzi—bakirundanyiriza imari kandi bakigwizaho ibintu byose bishobora kugurwa amafaranga—maze ibyo bakabigira intego y’ubuzima bwabo. Bumva ko ibyishimo bibonerwa mu bukire, mu butunzi no mu gushaka ibinezeza. Ibyo ntibabyerekezaho ubwenge bwabo gusa, ahubwo baba baniteguye kubitangaho ikintu cyose—ubuzima bwabo, umuryango wabo, ndetse n’umutimanama wabo. Ibyo bigira izihe ngaruka? Aho kugira ngo banyurwe, “bihandisha imibabaro myinshi” (1 Timoteyo 6:10). Ntibitangaje rero kuba Pawulo yarihanangirije bagenzi be b’Abakristo ko bareka kugenda nk’uko ab’isi bagenda bakurikiza ibitagira umumaro by’imitekerereze yabo.
10. Ni gute “ubwenge bw’[abantu b’isi] buri mu mwijima”?
10 Mu kugaragaza ko iyi si itarimo ikintu na kimwe gikwiriye kwifuzwa cyangwa kwiganwa, Pawulo yavuze ko ‘ubwenge bw’[abantu b’isi] buri mu mwijima’ (Abefeso 4:18). Ni koko, iyi si irimo abahanga n’intiti mu nzego hafi ya zose z’imirimo. Nyamara kandi, Pawulo yavuze ko ubwenge bwabo buri mu mwijima. Kubera iki? Nta bwo ayo magambo ye yerekeye ku bushobozi bwabo bwo gutekereza. Ijambo “ubwenge” rishobora no kwerekezwa ku ihuriro ry’iby’umuntu yiyumvisha, icyicaro cy’ubwenge cyangwa umuntu w’imbere. Bari mu mwijima kubera ko badafite umucyo ubayobora kandi bakaba batazi iyo bava n’iyo bajya mu mihati yabo. Ibyo bishobora kugaragarira ku kuntu bari mu rujijo ku bihereranye n’ikibi n’ikiza. Abantu bashobora kwibwira ko iby’iki gihe byo kutagira icyo umuntu anenga ku bintu byose no kubona ko byose ari byiza, ari ko kumurikirwa, nyamara kandi, ubwenge bwabo buri mu mwijima rwose, nk’uko Pawulo yabivuze. Mu buryo bw’umwuka, twavuga ko barindagira mu mwijima w’icuraburindi.—Yobu 12:25; 17:12; Yesaya 5:20; 59:6-10; 60:2; gereranya n’Abefeso 1:17, 18.
11. Kuba ubwenge bw’abantu b’isi buri mu mwijima biterwa n’iki?
11 Ni gute abantu bashobora kuba ari abahanga, ndetse n’intiti mu bintu byinshi bene ako kageni nyamara kandi bakaba bari mu mwijima mu by’umwuka? Mu 2 Abakorinto 4:4, Pawulo yaduhaye igisubizo agira ati “imana y’iki gihe ya[ba]humiye imitima, kugira ngo butumwa bw’ubwiza bwa Kristo, ari we shusho y’Imana, utabatambikira.” Mbega imigisha y’igiciro cyinshi ku bitabira ubutumwa bwiza bw’ikuzo bagahinduka mu bwenge bwabo kandi bakamurikirwa mu mitima!
Imitima Iri mu Bujiji Kandi Yinangiye
12. Ni mu buhe buryo abantu b’isi ‘batandukanijwe n’ubugingo buva ku Mana’?
12 Mu kudufasha kumva impamvu tugomba guhinduka mu bwenge no kugira umutima umurikiwe, Pawulo atwereka ko inzira y’isi ‘itandukanye n’ubugingo buva ku Mana’ (Abefeso 4:18). Ibyo ntibivuga ko abantu batacyemera Imana cyangwa ngo babe barabaye abahakanyi burundu. Ibyo, umwanditsi umwe w’ikinyamakuru yagize icyo abivugaho agira ati “aho gukoresha imvugo ngo kutemera Imana, reka duhimbe imvugo nshya, maze tubyite abemeragato. Abemeragato bashaka ko bamenywaho kuba abantu bemera Imana, nyamara ugasanga bayishyira ku ruhande, bakayitaho ku cyumweru mu gitondo gusa ntibigere na rimwe bayireka ngo igire uruhare mu bihereranye n’uko babona ibya politiki cyangwa imibereho yabo bwite mu yindi minsi yo hagati mu cyumweru. [B]emera Imana mu rugero runaka, ariko ntibatekereza ko hari icyo ivuga ku bantu b’iki gihe.” Ibyo Pawulo yagize icyo abivugaho mu rwandiko yandikiye Abaroma agira ati ‘[n]’ubwo bamenye Imana ntibayubahirije nk’Imana, haba no kuyishima’ (Abaroma 1:21). Buri munsi tubona abantu bahugiye mu mihihibikano yabo batitaye ku Mana. Nta gushidikanya, ntibaha Imana icyubahiro cyangwa ngo bamushime.
13. “Ubugingo buva ku Mana” ni iki?
13 Imvugo ngo “ubugingo buva ku Mana” ni iy’ingenzi. Igaragaza kurushaho ukuntu umwijima wo mu bwenge no mu by’umwuka utuma abantu bajijwa mu bihereranye n’umuco. Aha, ijambo ry’Ikigiriki ryahinduwemo “ubugingo,” nta bwo ari biʹos (rikomokwaho n’amagambo “biologie” [ubumenyi mu by’imiterere y’ibinyabuzima], na “Biographie” [inkuru y’imibereho y’umuntu mu buryo bw’inyandiko]), ari ryo risobanura imibereho runaka. Ahubwo, ni zo · eʹ (rikomokwaho n’amagambo ‘zoo’ [ubusitani burimo inyamaswa], na ‘zoologie’ [ubumenyi mu by’imibereho y’inyamaswa]). Dukurikije igitabo cyitwa Vine’s Expository Dictionary of Old and New Testament Words, iryo jambo risobanura “ubuzima nk’ihame, ubuzima mu buryo budasubirwaho, ubuzima nk’uko Imana ibufite. . . . Umuntu yagiye kure y’ubwo buzima bitewe no Kugwa [mu cyaha].” Bityo rero, Pawulo atubwira ko umwijima wo mu bwenge no mu by’umwuka utajyanye abantu b’isi mu buhenebere bw’umubiri gusa, ahubwo ko wanabatandukanije n’ibyiringiro by’ubuzima bw’iteka butangwa n’Imana (Abagalatiya 6:8). Kubera iki? Pawulo yakomeje atubwira impamvu.
14. Imwe mu mpamvu zituma abantu b’isi baba kure y’ubugingo buva ku Mana ni iyihe?
14 Mbere ya byose, yavuze ko byatewe n’“ubujiji buri mu ri bo” (Abefeso 4:18). Imvugo ngo “buri muri bo,” itsindagiriza ko ubujiji bwabo butatewe n’uko babuze uburyo bwo kugira ubumenyi bw’Imana, ahubwo ko babwanze ku bushake. Mu bundi buhinduzi, iyo nteruro yahinduwe itya ngo “kwanga kumenya Imana kwabo kwa kamere” (The Anchor Bible); “nta bumenyi bafite bitewe n’uko banangiye imitima yabo ngo butinjiramo” (Jerusalem Bible). Kubera ko banga, cyangwa bagapfobya ubumenyi nyakuri bw’Imana, ntibafite uburyo bwo kubona ubuzima Yehova aha abizera Umwana we, ari na we wavuze ati “ubu ni bwo bugingo buhoraho, ko bakumenya, ko ari wowe Mana y’ukuri yonyine, bakamenya n’uwo watumye, ari we Yesu Kristo.”—Yohana 17:3; 1 Timoteyo 6:19.
15. Ni iki gituma abantu b’iyi si baba kure y’ubugingo buva ku Mana?
15 Dukurikije amagambo ya Pawulo, indi mpamvu ituma isi muri rusange iba kure y’ubugingo buva ku Mana, ni ‘ukunangirwa kw’imitima yabo’ (Abefeso 4:18). Hano, ijambo “kunangirwa” risobanura mbere na mbere kunangira, nk’igihe umubiri wakogose. Twese tuzi uko umubiri ukogota. Mbere na mbere ushobora kuba wari worohereye kandi wumva ikiwukozeho cyose, ariko mu gihe hari igikomeje kuwitsetaho cyangwa kuwitsiritaho igihe kirekire, urakomera kandi ukabyimba, hanyuma ugakogota. Icyo gihe nta bwo uba ucyumva uburibwe. Mu buryo nk’ubwo rero, abantu ntibavukana umutima unangiye cyangwa wabaye urutare, ku buryo batashobora kugira ibyiyumwo byiza ku Mana. Ariko kandi, bitewe n’uko turi mu isi kandi tukaba tugerwaho n’umwuka wayo, nta bwo bisaba igihe kinini kugira ngo umutima uhinduke urutare cyangwa ngo winangire mu gihe utarinzwe. Ni yo mpamvu Pawulo yatanze umuburo ugira uti “mwirinde . . . hatagira uwo muri mwe unangirwa umutima n’ibihendo by’ibyaha” (Abaheburayo 3:7-13; Zaburi 95:8-10). Ku bw’ibyo rero, mbega ukuntu byihutirwa ko twakomeza kuba abantu bahindutse mu bwenge kandi bamurikiwe mu mutima!
“Babaye Ibiti”
16. Kuba ubwenge bw’isi buri mu mwijima kandi isi ikaba iri kure y’ubugingo buva ku Mana bigira izihe ngaruka?
16 Ingaruka ziterwa n’uwo mwijima hamwe no kuba kure y’Imana, zavuzwe n’intumwa Pawulo mu buryo buhinnye agira ati “babaye ibiti, bīha ubusambanyi bwinshi, gukora iby’isoni nke byose bifatanije no kwifuza” (Abefeso 4:19). Imvugo ngo “babaye ibiti,” ifashwe uko yakabaye ijambo ku rindi, isobanurwa ngo “ntibacyumva ububabare,” ububabare mu bihereranye n’imyifatire. Nguko uko umutima uhinduka ikinya. Mu gihe utacyumva uburibwe bw’umutimanama kandi ntiwumve ko hari icyo Imana izakuryoza, icyo gihe ntuba ugifite rutangira. Ni yo mpamvu Pawulo yavuze ko ‘bihaye’ ubusambanyi no gukora iby’isoni nke. Icyo kiba ari igikorwa gikozwe nkana no ku bushake. Muri Bibiliya, ijambo ryahinduwemo “ubusambanyi” ryumvikanisha imyifatire y’akahebwe, iteye isoni, no gusuzugura amategeko n’ubutegetsi. Nanone kandi, imvugo ngo “iby’isoni nke byose,” ntiyerekeye ku busambanyi gusa, ahubwo inakubiyemo ibikorwa by’akahebwe bikorwa mu rwego rw’idini, nk’imigenzo n’imiziririzo ihereranye no kororoka yakorerwaga mu rusengero rwa Arutemi yo muri Efeso, ari yo abasomyi ba Pawulo bazi neza.—Ibyakozwe 19:27, 35.
17. Kuki Pawulo avuga ko abantu babaye ibiti bakorana ibyaha ‘ukwifuza’?
17 Pawulo yongeyeho ko abo bantu bagira ingeso yo “kwifuza” nk’aho kuba barirundumuriye mu busambanyi bwinshi no gukora iby’isoni nke byose bitari bihagije. Iyo abantu bakirangwaho umutima wo gutinya kwiyandarika baguye mu cyaha, nibura bashobora kwicuza kandi bakihatira kutazongera kugikora. Na ho “[a] babaye ibiti” bakora icyaha “bifatanije no kwifuza,” (“bizanwa no kurarikira,” reba mu Isezerano Rishya mpuzamatorero ryitwa Inkuru Nziza ku Muntu Wese). Umuntu umwe utanga ikiganiro kuri radiyo, yigeze kuvuga ati “iyo umuntu ashatse akanya ko kujya mu myidagaduro kugira ngo yishimishe, arushaho kugira ipfa ryo kuzongera kubikora.” [Abantu nk’abo] na bo birundumurira mu bibi babishishikariye kugeza ubwo bakabya mu gushayisha ibi by’akahebwe—bakageza aho babona ko nta cyo bitwaye. Mbega ukuntu ibyo “abapagani bakunda” bivuzwe uko biri muri ayo magambo!—1 Petero 4:3, 4.
18. Muri make, ni gute Pawulo agaragaza imimerere y’iyi si yo mu bwenge no mu by’umwuka?
18 Mu mirongo itatu honyine, ni ukuvuga mu Befeso 4:17-19, Pawulo yahishuye imimerere nyakuri y’iyi si mu myifatire no mu by’umwuka. Yagaragaje ko ibitekerezo n’inyigisho zo kugenekereza ibintu zitangwa n’abacurabitekerezo b’iyi si, hamwe no kwirundumurira mu gushaka ubutunzi n’ibinezeza, bidafite umumaro na mba. Yagaragaje neza ko iyi si yandavuye mu by’umuco, kandi ko irushaho guhenebera cyane bitewe n’uko iri mu mwijima mu bwenge no mu by’umwuka. Hanyuma, bitewe n’ubujiji no kwinangira isi yahisemo, yagiye kure y’ubugingo buva ku Mana mu buryo butagira igaruriro. Nta gushidikanya, dufite impamvu nziza zo kutagenda nk’uko amahanga agenda!
19. Ni ibihe bibazo by’ingenzi bisigaye bigomba kuzasuzumwa?
19 Ubwo umwijima wo mu bwenge no mu mutima ari wo utuma isi iba kure ya Yehova Imana, ni gute dushobora kuvana umwijima wose mu bwenge bwacu no mu mitima yacu? Kandi se, ni iki tugomba gukora kugira ngo dukomeze kugenda nk’abana b’umucyo no gukomeza kwemerwa n’Imana? Ibyo bizasuzumwa mu gice gikurikira.
Mbese, Ushobora Gusobanura?
◻ Ni iki cyatumye Pawulo atanga inama ikaze iri mu Befeso 4:17-19?
◻ Kuki inzira z’isi zitagira umumaro kandi zikaba ziri mu mwijima?
◻ Imvugo ngo “byabatandukanije n’ubugingo buva ku Mana” isobanura iki?
◻ Ni izihe ngaruka ziterwa n’ubwenge buri mu mwijima n’umutima unangiye?
[Amafoto yo ku ipaji ya 15]
Efeso yari izwiho ubuhenebere mu by’umuco no gusenga ibigirwamana
1. Umukurankota w’Umuroma muri Efeso
2. Itongo ry’urusengero rwa Arutemi
3. Ikibuga cy’imikino muri Efeso
4. Arutemi ya Efeso, imanakazi yo kororoka
[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 16]
Ni ubuhe bushishozi butangwa n’intiti z’isi?
Nero
[Aho ifoto yavuye]
Musei Capitolini, Roma